Winter Wheat Yield Estimation Based on Sparrow Search Algorithm Combined with Random Forest:A Case Study in Henan Province,China

Precise and timely prediction of crop yields is crucial for food security and the development of agricultural policies.However,crop yield is influenced by multiple factors within complex growth environments.Previous research has paid relatively little attention to the interference of environmental factors and drought on the growth of winter wheat.Therefore,there is an urgent need for more effective methods to explore the inherent relationship between these factors and crop yield,making precise yield prediction increasingly important.This study was based on four type of indicators including meteorological,crop growth status,environmental,and drought index,from October 2003 to June 2019 in Henan Province as the basic data for predicting winter wheat yield.Using the sparrow search al-gorithm combined with random forest(SSA-RF)under different input indicators,accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation was calcu-lated.The estimation accuracy of SSA-RF was compared with partial least squares regression(PLSR),extreme gradient boosting(XG-Boost),and random forest(RF)models.Finally,the determined optimal yield estimation method was used to predict winter wheat yield in three typical years.Following are the findings:1)the SSA-RF demonstrates superior performance in estimating winter wheat yield compared to other algorithms.The best yield estimation method is achieved by four types indicators’composition with SSA-RF)(R^(2)=0.805,RRMSE=9.9%.2)Crops growth status and environmental indicators play significant roles in wheat yield estimation,accounting for 46%and 22%of the yield importance among all indicators,respectively.3)Selecting indicators from October to April of the follow-ing year yielded the highest accuracy in winter wheat yield estimation,with an R^(2)of 0.826 and an RMSE of 9.0%.Yield estimates can be completed two months before the winter wheat harvest in June.4)The predicted performance will be slightly affected by severe drought.Compared with severe drought year(2011)(R^(2)=0.680)and normal year(2017)(R^(2)=0.790),the SSA-RF model has higher prediction accuracy for wet year(2018)(R^(2)=0.820).This study could provide an innovative approach for remote sensing estimation of winter wheat yield.yield.

Research on Evacuation Path Planning Based on Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm

Reducing casualties and property losses through effective evacuation route planning has been a key focus for researchers in recent years.As part of this effort,an enhanced sparrow search algorithm(MSSA)was proposed.Firstly,the Golden Sine algorithm and a nonlinear weight factor optimization strategy were added in the discoverer position update stage of the SSA algorithm.Secondly,the Cauchy-Gaussian perturbation was applied to the optimal position of the SSA algorithm to improve its ability to jump out of local optima.Finally,the local search mechanism based on the mountain climbing method was incorporated into the local search stage of the SSA algorithm,improving its local search ability.To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,the Whale Algorithm,Gray Wolf Algorithm,Improved Gray Wolf Algorithm,Sparrow Search Algorithm,and MSSA Algorithm were employed to solve various test functions.The accuracy and convergence speed of each algorithm were then compared and analyzed.The results indicate that the MSSA algorithm has superior solving ability and stability compared to other algorithms.To further validate the enhanced algorithm’s capabilities for path planning,evacuation experiments were conducted using different maps featuring various obstacle types.Additionally,a multi-exit evacuation scenario was constructed according to the actual building environment of a teaching building.Both the sparrow search algorithm and MSSA algorithm were employed in the simulation experiment for multiexit evacuation path planning.The findings demonstrate that the MSSA algorithm outperforms the comparison algorithm,showcasing its greater advantages and higher application potential.

Optimizing slope safety factor prediction via stacking using sparrow search algorithm for multi-layer machine learning regression models

The safety factor is a crucial quantitative index for evaluating slope stability.However,the traditional calculation methods suffer from unreasonable assumptions,complex soil composition,and inadequate consideration of the influencing factors,leading to large errors in their calculations.Therefore,a stacking ensemble learning model(stacking-SSAOP)based on multi-layer regression algorithm fusion and optimized by the sparrow search algorithm is proposed for predicting the slope safety factor.In this method,the density,cohesion,friction angle,slope angle,slope height,and pore pressure ratio are selected as characteristic parameters from the 210 sets of established slope sample data.Random Forest,Extra Trees,AdaBoost,Bagging,and Support Vector regression are used as the base model(inner loop)to construct the first-level regression algorithm layer,and XGBoost is used as the meta-model(outer loop)to construct the second-level regression algorithm layer and complete the construction of the stacked learning model for improving the model prediction accuracy.The sparrow search algorithm is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the above six regression models and correct the over-and underfitting problems of the single regression model to further improve the prediction accuracy.The mean square error(MSE)of the predicted and true values and the fitting of the data are compared and analyzed.The MSE of the stacking-SSAOP model was found to be smaller than that of the single regression model(MSE=0.03917).Therefore,the former has a higher prediction accuracy and better data fitting.This study innovatively applies the sparrow search algorithm to predict the slope safety factor,showcasing its advantages over traditional methods.Additionally,our proposed stacking-SSAOP model integrates multiple regression algorithms to enhance prediction accuracy.This model not only refines the prediction accuracy of the slope safety factor but also offers a fresh approach to handling the intricate soil composition and other influencing factors,making it a precise and reliable method for slope stability evaluation.This research holds importance for the modernization and digitalization of slope safety assessments.

A Chaos Sparrow Search Algorithm with Logarithmic Spiral and Adaptive Step for Engineering Problems

The sparrow search algorithm(SSA)is a newly proposed meta-heuristic optimization algorithm based on the sparrowforaging principle.Similar to other meta-heuristic algorithms,SSA has problems such as slowconvergence speed and difficulty in jumping out of the local optimum.In order to overcome these shortcomings,a chaotic sparrow search algorithm based on logarithmic spiral strategy and adaptive step strategy(CLSSA)is proposed in this paper.Firstly,in order to balance the exploration and exploitation ability of the algorithm,chaotic mapping is introduced to adjust the main parameters of SSA.Secondly,in order to improve the diversity of the population and enhance the search of the surrounding space,the logarithmic spiral strategy is introduced to improve the sparrow search mechanism.Finally,the adaptive step strategy is introduced to better control the process of algorithm exploitation and exploration.The best chaotic map is determined by different test functions,and the CLSSA with the best chaotic map is applied to solve 23 benchmark functions and 3 classical engineering problems.The simulation results show that the iterative map is the best chaotic map,and CLSSA is efficient and useful for engineering problems,which is better than all comparison algorithms.

Predicting buckling of carbon fiber composite cylindrical shells based on backpropagation neural network improved by sparrow search algorithm

The buckling load of carbon fiber composite cylindrical shells(CF-CCSs)was predicted using a backpropagation neural network improved by the sparrow search algorithm(SSA-BPNN).Firstly,two CF-CCSs,each with an inner diameter of 100 mm,were manufactured and tested.The buckling behavior of CF-CCSs was analyzed by finite element and experiment.Subsequently,the effects of ply angle and length–diameter ratio on buckling load of CF-CCSs were analyzed,and the dataset of the neural network was generated using the finite element method.On this basis,the SSA-BPNN model for predicting buckling load of CF-CCS was established.The results show that the maximum and average errors of the SSA-BPNN to the test data are 6.88%and 2.24%,respectively.The buckling load prediction for CF-CCSs based on SSA-BPNN has satisfactory generalizability and can be used to analyze buckling loads on cylindrical shells of carbon fiber composites.

A bioinspired path planning approach for mobile robots based on improved sparrow search algorithm

In this paper,a bioinspired path planning approach for mobile robots is proposed.The approach is based on the sparrow search algorithm,which is an intelligent optimization algorithm inspired by the group wisdom,foraging,and anti-predation behaviors of sparrows.To obtain high-quality paths and fast convergence,an improved sparrow search algorithm is proposed with three new strategies.First,a linear path strategy is proposed,which can transform the polyline in the corner of the path into a smooth line,to enable the robot to reach the goal faster.Then,a new neighborhood search strategy is used to improve the fitness value of the global optimal individual,and a new position update function is used to speed up the convergence.Finally,a new multi-index comprehensive evaluation method is designed to evaluate these algorithms.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a shorter path and faster convergence than other state-ofthe-art studies.

MSSSA:a multi-strategy enhanced sparrow search algorithm for global optimization

The sparrow search algorithm(SSA) is a recent meta-heuristic optimization approach with the advantages of simplicity and flexibility. However, SSA still faces challenges of premature convergence and imbalance between exploration and exploitation, especially when tackling multimodal optimization problems. Aiming to deal with the above problems, we propose an enhanced variant of SSA called the multi-strategy enhanced sparrow search algorithm(MSSSA) in this paper. First, a chaotic map is introduced to obtain a high-quality initial population for SSA, and the opposition-based learning strategy is employed to increase the population diversity. Then, an adaptive parameter control strategy is designed to accommodate an adequate balance between exploration and exploitation. Finally, a hybrid disturbance mechanism is embedded in the individual update stage to avoid falling into local optima. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed MSSSA, a large number of experiments are implemented, including 40 complex functions from the IEEE CEC2014 and IEEE CEC2019 test suites and 10 classical functions with different dimensions. Experimental results show that the MSSSA achieves competitive performance compared with several state-of-the-art optimization algorithms. The proposed MSSSA is also successfully applied to solve two engineering optimization problems. The results demonstrate the superiority of the MSSSA in addressing practical problems.

跳跃跟踪SSA交叉迭代AP聚类算法

针对传统近邻传播聚类算法以数据点对之间的相似度作为输入度量,由于需要预设偏向参数p和阻尼系数λ,算法精度无法精确控制的问题,提出了一种跳跃跟踪麻雀搜索算法优化的交叉迭代近邻传播聚类方法.首先,针对麻雀搜索算法中发现者和加入者位置更新不足的问题,设计了一种跳跃跟踪优化策略,通过考虑偏好阻尼因子的跳跃策略设计大步长更新发现者,增加麻雀搜索算法的全局勘探能力和寻优速度,加入者设计动态小步长跟踪领头雀更新位置,同时,利用自适应种群划分机制更新发现者和加入者的比重,增加算法的后期局部开发能力和寻优速度;其次,设计基于扰动因子的Tent映射,在此基础上增加3个参数,使映射分布范围增大,并避免了陷入小周期点和不稳周期点;最后,引入轮廓系数作为评价函数,跳跃跟踪麻雀搜索算法自动寻找较优的p和λ,代替手动输入参数,并融合基于扰动因子的Tent映射优化近邻传播算法,交叉迭代确定最优簇数.使用多种算法聚类University of California Irvine数据集的10种公共数据集,仿真结果表明,本文提出的聚类算法与经典近邻传播算法、基于差分改进的仿射传播聚类算法、基于麻雀搜索算法优化的近邻传播聚类算法和进化近邻传播算法相比具有更优的搜索效率以及聚类精度.对国家信息数据进行了聚类分析,提出的方法更加准确有效合理,具有较好的应用价值.

基于麻雀搜索算法的微电网分层优化调度

为综合考虑微电网供给侧和需求侧的利益,建立了微电网分层优化模型;上层以净负荷成本和用电满意度为目标优化负荷曲线,下层以运行成本和环境成本为目标优化各单元出力,并选择麻雀搜索算法(SSA)求解这类复杂优化问题。针对SSA易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种改进麻雀搜索算法(ISSA),改进了发现者搜索方式,引入了变异、贪婪策略;并且加入非支配排序和轮盘赌法将ISSA改进为多目标算法。算例结果表明可转移负荷占比为10%时能够协调微电网供需两侧的利益;对比ISSA与SSA、粒子群算法(PSO)、鸡群算法(CSO)和灰狼算法(GWO)的迭代结果,证明ISSA具有良好的寻优效果和稳定性。

基于改进麻雀搜索算法的无线传感器网络定位研究

针对距离矢量跳(DV-Hop)算法在无线传感器网络中存在的定位误差大的问题,提出了一种基于改进麻雀搜索的无线传感器网络定位算法。首先,针对传统DV-Hop算法,修正了节点平均跳距和节点最小跳数。其次,引入Sine混沌映射、自适应惯性权重和双样本学习策略提高算法的搜索能力;最后,利用MATLAB构建仿真模型进行性能对比实验。实验结果表明:与其他节点定位算法相比,所提算法可有效提高对未知节点的定位精度和收敛速度。

基于CNN-GRU-ISSA-XGBoost的短期光伏功率预测

针对光伏功率随机性及波动性大,单一预测模型往往难以准确分析历史数据波动规律,从而导致预测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络-门控循环单元(CNN-GRU)和改进麻雀搜索算法(ISSA)优化的极限梯度提升(XGBoost)模型的短期光伏功率预测组合模型.首先去除历史数据中的异常值并对其进行归一化处理,利用主成分分析法(PCA)进行特征选取,以便更好地识别影响光伏功率的关键因素.然后采用CNN网络提取数据的空间特征,再经过GRU网络提取时间特征,针对XGBoost模型手动配置参数困难、随机性大的问题,利用ISSA对模型超参数寻优.最后对两种方法预测的结果用误差倒数法减小误差的同时对权重进行更新,得到新的预测值,从而完成对光伏功率的预测.实验结果表明,所提出的CNN-GRU-ISSA-XGBoost组合模型具有更强的适应性和更高的精度.

基于CSSA-BPNN模型的胶结充填体动态抗压强度预测

充填采矿法二步骤回采时胶结充填体稳定性受爆破扰动而降低。为快速准确地获得充填体动态抗压强度,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)进行了40组不同应变率的单轴冲击实验,以灰砂比、充填体密度、养护龄期和平均应变率作为输入参数,充填体动态抗压强度作为输出参数,建立了一种基于Logistic混沌麻雀搜索算法(CSSA)优化BP神经网络(BPNN)的预测模型,并与传统BPNN和麻雀搜索算法优化的BPNN进行了对比分析。结果表明:CSSA-BPNN模型的平均相对误差为4.11%,预测值与实测值之间拟合的相关系数均在0.96以上,模型预测精度高。CSSA-BPNN模型的均方根误差为0.395 0 MPa,平均绝对误差为0.359 2 MPa,决定系数为0.995 2,均优于另外两种预测模型。实现了对充填体动态抗压强度的准确预测,可大幅减小物理实验量,为矿山胶结充填体的强度设计提供了一种新方法。

一种混合多策略改进的麻雀搜索算法

针对麻雀搜索算法SSA求解目标函数最优解时具有过早收敛、在多峰条件下易陷入局部最优和在高维情况下求解精度不足等问题,提出了一种混合多策略改进的麻雀搜索算法MISSA。考虑到算法初始解的质量很大程度上会影响整个算法的收敛速度与精度,引入精英反向学习策略,扩大算法的搜索区域,提升初始种群的质量和多样性;对步长进行分阶段控制,以提高算法的求解精度;通过在跟随者的位置中加入Circle映射参数与余弦因子,提高算法的遍历性与搜索能力;采用自适应选择机制在麻雀个体位置更新中加入Lévy飞行,增强算法寻优和跳出局部最优的能力。将改进后的算法与麻雀搜索算法及其他算法在13个测试函数上进行对比,并进行Friedman检验。实验结果表明,改进后的麻雀搜索算法能够有效提高寻优精度与收敛速度,并在高维问题中也具备较高的稳定性。

基于改进YOLO v7轻量化模型的自然果园环境下苹果识别方法

针对自然果园环境下苹果果实识别中,传统的目标检测算法往往很难在检测模型的检测精度、速度和轻量化方面实现平衡,提出了一种基于改进YOLO v7的轻量化苹果检测模型。首先,引入部分卷积(Partial convolution, PConv)替换多分支堆叠模块中的部分常规卷积进行轻量化改进,以降低模型的参数量和计算量;其次,添加轻量化的高效通道注意力(Efficient channel attention, ECA)模块以提高网络的特征提取能力,改善复杂环境下遮挡目标的错检漏检问题;在模型训练过程中采用基于麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow search algorithm, SSA)的学习率优化策略来进一步提高模型的检测精度。试验结果显示:相比于YOLO v7原始模型,改进后模型的精确率、召回率和平均精度分别提高4.15、0.38、1.39个百分点,其参数量和计算量分别降低22.93%和27.41%,在GPU和CPU上检测单幅图像的平均用时分别减少0.003 s和0.014 s。结果表明,改进后的模型可以实时准确地识别复杂果园环境中的苹果,模型参数量和计算量较小,适合部署于苹果采摘机器人的嵌入式设备上,为实现苹果的无人化智能采摘奠定了基础。

基于VMD-ISSA-GRU组合模型的短期风电功率预测

为解决风速不确定性和波动性造成风电功率预测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)、改进麻雀搜索算法(ISSA)和门控循环神经网络(GRU)的VMD-ISSA-GRU组合模型。首先,利用中心频率法确定采用VMD分解后的模态分量个数,这样有效避免了过分解或者分解不充分。其次引入混沌映射、非线性递减权重以及一个突变策略来改进麻雀搜索算法,用于优化门控循环神经网络,然后对分解得到的各个子序列建立ISSA-GRU预测模型,最后叠加每个子序列的预测值得到最终的预测值。将该模型用于实际风电功率预测,实验结果表明:VMD-ISSA-GRU组合模型的平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分比误差、均方根误差分别为1.2118MW、1.8900及1.5916MW;相较于传统的GRU、长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络、BiLSTM(Bi-directional LSTM)神经网络模型以及其他组合模型在预测精度上都有明显的提升,能很好地解决风电功率预测精度不高的问题.

基于改进麻雀搜索算法优化LSTM的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了对滚动轴承的工作状态及故障类别进行准确的诊断,本文采用长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络作为分类器对滚动轴承数据集进行分类诊断。首先,从滚动轴承原始运行振动信号中提取时域和频域特征参数,组成具有高维特征参数的数据集;使用核主成分分析(KPCA)方法对高维特征集进行降维处理,选取重要性程度高的特征构成输入特征向量。然后,针对LSTM神经网络在滚动轴承故障诊断中存在的超参数难以确定的问题,提出一种基于自适应t分布策略的麻雀搜索算法优化LSTM神经网络的故障诊断方法(tSSA–LSTM)。最后,使用凯斯西储大学滚动轴承数据中心的数据进行故障诊断精度测试、泛化性能测试及噪声环境下故障诊断性能测试等多个仿真实验,并将本文提出的诊断模型与麻雀搜索算法优化长短时记忆神经网络(SSA–LSTM)、遗传算法优化长短时记忆神经网络(GA–LSTM)、粒子群算法优化长短时记忆神经网络(PSO–LSTM)及传统LSTM诊断模型进行对比。结果表明:tSSA可以更有效地对LSTM的隐含层神经元数量、周期次数、学习率等超参数进行合理优化;所提方法的平均诊断准确率达到98.86%,交叉验证平均诊断结果为98.57%;所提方法在噪声干扰下的故障诊断准确率也优于对比方法。因此,本文提出的tSSA–LSTM模型不仅可以更精准地诊断滚动轴承故障状态,而且具有更强的泛化能力及抗干扰能力,有效地提高了滚动轴承故障诊断的性能。

基于特征选择及ISSA-CNN-BiGRU的短期风功率预测

针对风电功率随机性大、平稳性低,以及直接输入预测模型往往难以取得较高精度等问题,提出了一种基于特征选择及改进麻雀搜索算法(ISSA)优化卷积神经网络-双向门控循环单元(CNN-BiGRU)的短期风电功率预测方法。首先,利用变分模态分解(VMD)将原始功率分解为一组包含不同信息的子分量,以降低原始功率序列的非平稳性,提升可预测性,同时通过观察中心频率方式确定模态分解数。其次,对每一分量采用随机森林(RF)特征重要度的方法进行特征选择,从风速、风向、温度、空气密度等气象特征因素中,选取对各个分量预测贡献度较高的影响因素组成输入特征向量。然后,建立各分量的CNN-BiGRU预测模型,针对神经网络算法参数难调、手动配置参数随机性大的问题,利用ISSA对模型超参数寻优,自适应搜寻最优参数组合。最后,叠加各分量的预测值,得到最终的预测结果。以中国内蒙古某风电场实际数据进行仿真实验,与多种单一及组合预测方法进行对比,结果表明,本文所提方法相比于其他方法具有更高的预测精度,其平均绝对百分比误差值达到2.644 0%;在其他4个数据集上进行的模型准确性及泛化性验证结果显示,模型平均绝对百分比误差值分别为4.385 3%、3.174 9%、1.576 1%和1.358 8%,均保持在5.000 0%以内,证明本文所提方法具有较好的预测精度及泛化能力。

基于FSSA-ELM的模拟电路故障诊断方法

在大规模电路中,模拟电路的故障率高达80%。针对模拟电路故障诊断方法准确率低、耗时长的问题,提出了一种分数阶麻雀搜索算法结合极限学习机(FSSA-ELM)的模拟电路故障诊断方法。利用核主成分分析与局部线性嵌入(KPCA-LLE)联合方式对电路故障数据进行特征提取,通过分数阶与麻雀搜索算法(SSA)相融合,对极限学习机(ELM)的权重和阈值进行寻优,将提取后的特征数据输入到FSSA-ELM模型中进行训练和测试。T型反馈网络反相比例运算电路诊断实例表明,FSSA-ELM的故障诊断用时相较于SSA-ELM缩短了891 s,单故障诊断准确率可达972%,比SSA-ELM和ELM分别提高了19%和28%;双故障诊断准确率可达95%,分别提高了04%和10%。该故障诊断方法准确率高、耗时短,具有较强的模拟电路故障检测能力。

SSA-MLP模型在岩质边坡稳定性预测中的应用

岩质边坡的力学参数量化及稳定性分析对岩质边坡灾害的防治具有重要意义。Hoek-Brown(H B)准则是一种用于确定岩体力学参数的经典方法,能反映出边坡岩体变形和位移的非线性破坏特征。在此基础上,首先,提出一种麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow Search Algorithm,SSA)改进多层感知器(Multi-Layer Perceptron,MLP)的神经网络模型,并用于边坡稳定性预测、指标敏感性分析及参数反演。其次,将收集的1085组岩质边坡的几何参数和H B准则参数等作为输入变量,极限平衡理论Bishop法求解的安全系数作为输出变量,对SSA MLP模型进行训练学习和性能评估。最后,将该模型运用于25个边坡实例,验证模型的有效性。结果显示,该模型收敛速度快、精度高,为边坡稳定性分析和参数量化提供了一种新思路。

兼顾提升功率分配精度与抑制电压偏差的自适应下垂控制

直流微电网孤岛运行时,为实现下垂参数跟随直流微电网各光伏单元出口线路阻抗和本地负载分布情况自调整,提出一种基于麻雀搜索算法(sparrow search algorithm,SSA)的自适应下垂控制策略。将下垂参数、变换器输出电压参考值以函数变量的形式构成优化目标函数,利用麻雀搜索算法寻找目标函数的极小值,实时找到同时使系统运行过程中的功率偏差、母线电压偏差最小化的解。即利用麻雀搜索算法将下垂参数和电压参考值调节问题转化为函数极值寻优问题,实现了下垂系数可依据光伏出口线路阻抗、本地负载变化及光照强度变化自调整的目标。同时通过动态调节变换器输出电压参考值,减小母线电压偏差,解决了功率分配精度与母线电压偏差的固有矛盾。利用PSCAD/EMTDC建立系统仿真模型,仿真结果证明所提控制策略正确、有效。