The rapid growth of Internet of Things(IoT)devices has brought numerous benefits to the interconnected world.However,the ubiquitous nature of IoT networks exposes them to various security threats,including anomaly int...The rapid growth of Internet of Things(IoT)devices has brought numerous benefits to the interconnected world.However,the ubiquitous nature of IoT networks exposes them to various security threats,including anomaly intrusion attacks.In addition,IoT devices generate a high volume of unstructured data.Traditional intrusion detection systems often struggle to cope with the unique characteristics of IoT networks,such as resource constraints and heterogeneous data sources.Given the unpredictable nature of network technologies and diverse intrusion methods,conventional machine-learning approaches seem to lack efficiency.Across numerous research domains,deep learning techniques have demonstrated their capability to precisely detect anomalies.This study designs and enhances a novel anomaly-based intrusion detection system(AIDS)for IoT networks.Firstly,a Sparse Autoencoder(SAE)is applied to reduce the high dimension and get a significant data representation by calculating the reconstructed error.Secondly,the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)technique is employed to create a binary classification approach.The proposed SAE-CNN approach is validated using the Bot-IoT dataset.The proposed models exceed the performance of the existing deep learning approach in the literature with an accuracy of 99.9%,precision of 99.9%,recall of 100%,F1 of 99.9%,False Positive Rate(FPR)of 0.0003,and True Positive Rate(TPR)of 0.9992.In addition,alternative metrics,such as training and testing durations,indicated that SAE-CNN performs better.展开更多
In the fast-evolving landscape of digital networks,the incidence of network intrusions has escalated alarmingly.Simultaneously,the crucial role of time series data in intrusion detection remains largely underappreciat...In the fast-evolving landscape of digital networks,the incidence of network intrusions has escalated alarmingly.Simultaneously,the crucial role of time series data in intrusion detection remains largely underappreciated,with most systems failing to capture the time-bound nuances of network traffic.This leads to compromised detection accuracy and overlooked temporal patterns.Addressing this gap,we introduce a novel SSAE-TCN-BiLSTM(STL)model that integrates time series analysis,significantly enhancing detection capabilities.Our approach reduces feature dimensionalitywith a Stacked Sparse Autoencoder(SSAE)and extracts temporally relevant features through a Temporal Convolutional Network(TCN)and Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory Network(Bi-LSTM).By meticulously adjusting time steps,we underscore the significance of temporal data in bolstering detection accuracy.On the UNSW-NB15 dataset,ourmodel achieved an F1-score of 99.49%,Accuracy of 99.43%,Precision of 99.38%,Recall of 99.60%,and an inference time of 4.24 s.For the CICDS2017 dataset,we recorded an F1-score of 99.53%,Accuracy of 99.62%,Precision of 99.27%,Recall of 99.79%,and an inference time of 5.72 s.These findings not only confirm the STL model’s superior performance but also its operational efficiency,underpinning its significance in real-world cybersecurity scenarios where rapid response is paramount.Our contribution represents a significant advance in cybersecurity,proposing a model that excels in accuracy and adaptability to the dynamic nature of network traffic,setting a new benchmark for intrusion detection systems.展开更多
现有的面向电力信息物理融合系统(CPPS)的入侵检测方法存在不够重视数据质量等问题,尤其是在处理离散化数据方面存在欠缺。为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于实体嵌入和卷积神经网络的CPPS入侵检测方法。该方法通过实体嵌入技术将数据集中...现有的面向电力信息物理融合系统(CPPS)的入侵检测方法存在不够重视数据质量等问题,尤其是在处理离散化数据方面存在欠缺。为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于实体嵌入和卷积神经网络的CPPS入侵检测方法。该方法通过实体嵌入技术将数据集中的离散型特征映射为连续向量,从而生成高质量的新数据。将其与经过标准化的连续型特征合并起来作为新数据集训练卷积神经网络,以建立CPPS入侵检测模型。在KDD Cup 99数据集上的实验评估结果表明,所提方案的攻击检测准确率分别比独热编码和传统顺序编码提高了6.20%和6.04%,同时还减小了误报率和漏报率。展开更多
基金Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2024R206),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The rapid growth of Internet of Things(IoT)devices has brought numerous benefits to the interconnected world.However,the ubiquitous nature of IoT networks exposes them to various security threats,including anomaly intrusion attacks.In addition,IoT devices generate a high volume of unstructured data.Traditional intrusion detection systems often struggle to cope with the unique characteristics of IoT networks,such as resource constraints and heterogeneous data sources.Given the unpredictable nature of network technologies and diverse intrusion methods,conventional machine-learning approaches seem to lack efficiency.Across numerous research domains,deep learning techniques have demonstrated their capability to precisely detect anomalies.This study designs and enhances a novel anomaly-based intrusion detection system(AIDS)for IoT networks.Firstly,a Sparse Autoencoder(SAE)is applied to reduce the high dimension and get a significant data representation by calculating the reconstructed error.Secondly,the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)technique is employed to create a binary classification approach.The proposed SAE-CNN approach is validated using the Bot-IoT dataset.The proposed models exceed the performance of the existing deep learning approach in the literature with an accuracy of 99.9%,precision of 99.9%,recall of 100%,F1 of 99.9%,False Positive Rate(FPR)of 0.0003,and True Positive Rate(TPR)of 0.9992.In addition,alternative metrics,such as training and testing durations,indicated that SAE-CNN performs better.
基金supported in part by the Gansu Province Higher Education Institutions Industrial Support Program:Security Situational Awareness with Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technology.Project Number(2020C-29).
文摘In the fast-evolving landscape of digital networks,the incidence of network intrusions has escalated alarmingly.Simultaneously,the crucial role of time series data in intrusion detection remains largely underappreciated,with most systems failing to capture the time-bound nuances of network traffic.This leads to compromised detection accuracy and overlooked temporal patterns.Addressing this gap,we introduce a novel SSAE-TCN-BiLSTM(STL)model that integrates time series analysis,significantly enhancing detection capabilities.Our approach reduces feature dimensionalitywith a Stacked Sparse Autoencoder(SSAE)and extracts temporally relevant features through a Temporal Convolutional Network(TCN)and Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory Network(Bi-LSTM).By meticulously adjusting time steps,we underscore the significance of temporal data in bolstering detection accuracy.On the UNSW-NB15 dataset,ourmodel achieved an F1-score of 99.49%,Accuracy of 99.43%,Precision of 99.38%,Recall of 99.60%,and an inference time of 4.24 s.For the CICDS2017 dataset,we recorded an F1-score of 99.53%,Accuracy of 99.62%,Precision of 99.27%,Recall of 99.79%,and an inference time of 5.72 s.These findings not only confirm the STL model’s superior performance but also its operational efficiency,underpinning its significance in real-world cybersecurity scenarios where rapid response is paramount.Our contribution represents a significant advance in cybersecurity,proposing a model that excels in accuracy and adaptability to the dynamic nature of network traffic,setting a new benchmark for intrusion detection systems.
文摘现有的面向电力信息物理融合系统(CPPS)的入侵检测方法存在不够重视数据质量等问题,尤其是在处理离散化数据方面存在欠缺。为解决上述问题,提出了一种基于实体嵌入和卷积神经网络的CPPS入侵检测方法。该方法通过实体嵌入技术将数据集中的离散型特征映射为连续向量,从而生成高质量的新数据。将其与经过标准化的连续型特征合并起来作为新数据集训练卷积神经网络,以建立CPPS入侵检测模型。在KDD Cup 99数据集上的实验评估结果表明,所提方案的攻击检测准确率分别比独热编码和传统顺序编码提高了6.20%和6.04%,同时还减小了误报率和漏报率。
