Use of GIS technology and cellular automata for modeling multiple socio-economic scenarios of regional spatial development and inter-regional cooperation

The advancement of effective spatial planning to support sustainable development and interregional cooperation has become an issue of serious concern for regional authorities.Spatial planning research helps to identify economic clusters and analyze their changing spatial patterns,which is important for understanding regional economic space dynamics and poten-tial inter-regional cooperation.To support decision-makers in the development of efficient plans of spatial development encompassing the identification of the best-suited territories,a combined Geographic Information System(GIS)based approach to interpret qualitatively expressed multiple socio-economic scenarios in quantitative map-based terms of graded suitability,and a formalized approach to the socio-economic evaluation of the territory is offered.Based on GIS technology coupled with integrated cellular automata decision analysis techniques,the study provides a method that performs socio-economic assessment of the study area according to the generated scenarios of regional spatial and socio-economic development.The proposed method is applied to Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais,located in the Russian Far East.Socio-economic scenarios of spatial development initiated by investors and regional authorities were assessed and evaluated.The generated socio-economic scenar-ios illustrate how the unified set of spatial and socio-economic variables can be linked and used to gain insights into inter-regional socio-economic and spatial development.The application results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method in identifying the best-suited unit areas for targeted regional development.

From Tree Structure to Interactive Network:A Preliminary Study on Transit-Oriented Spatial Development Patterns of Village-Town Communities

Based on the relatively developed highway and road network in China's eastern coastal provinces, the public transit-oriented development model(TOD) for village-town communities aims to create a network connecting the urban and rural public transportation system and the public service system, by selectively constructing "urban-type" communities with bus stops, thus promoting the mobility of urban and rural factors and to optimize the public service system, so as to change the traditional top-down development mode with tree structure. Through the planning practice in Linyi County, Dezhou City, it is found that a TOD-based spatial development mode in village-town communities can provide references for new countryside planning and construction in China in terms of upgrading the urban-rural functional structure, satisfying local demands, optimizing local government decisions, improving the planning mode, etc.

Quantitative division of succession and spatial patterns among different stand developmental stages in Changbai Mountains

Broadleaf-Korean pine forests exhibit high species richness and distinctive species composition, which are currently becoming more dominant among natural forests in Changbai Mountains of northeastern China. Understanding the ecological process of restored vegetation is quite important for ecosystem reconstruction. Distinguishing stand development stages and analyzing the dynamic spatial patterns could provide insights into significant community coexistence mechanisms. In the present study, eight permanent study areas were established according to the substituting space for time method in Changbai Mountains of north-eastern China. The optimal division method was used to quantify the successional series into different stand development stages, and the point pattern analysis method(L(r) function) was used to analyse the dynamic changes in spatial patterns and interspecific associations. Our results suggested that:(1) The stand development process was divided into five stages: the first three stages were poplar-birch secondary forests in different stages of recovery, the fourth stage was thespruce-fir mixed forest, and the last stage was the primary broadleaf-Korean pine forest;(2) The spatial pattern showed an aggregated distribution at a small scale and changed to a random distribution as the scale increased in poplar-birch secondary forests, but the spatial pattern appeared to be randomly distributed in spruce-fir mixed forest and broadleafKorean pine forest;(3) The interspecific associations between pioneer species and climax species changed from negative to positive among the different stand stages, and environmental resources were shared among these species. Interspecific differences in shade tolerance among the tree species were key determinants of forest dynamics and structure. Our study is vital to the understanding of the forest development;thus, the spatial change features should receive greater attention when forest management is being planned and restoration strategies are being developed for the Changbai Mountains.

The Impact of the Maputo Development Corridor on Wealth Creation within the Region It Serves

The Maputo Development Corridor along the N4 toll road between the north-eastern provinces of South Africa and Maputo （the capital and main port of Mozambique） was initiated in 1996. A Development Corridor can be seen as a concept to elevate an area to a certain level of development. One of the objectives of this project was investment in transport infrastructure in order to create an enabling environment for economic growth and development. The project is also in line with the 1995 Spatial Development Initiatives of the South African Government that attempt to improve investment in those areas were the greatest potential for growth exists. This paper addresses economic wealth creation within the broader region that the N4 toll road and the corridor currently serve. The research revealed that the areas closer to the N4 corridor had higher growth in terms of economic output as measured by Gross Valued Added than those further removed. There were a stronger correlation between growth in employment and proximity to the road corridor for the manufacturing, construction, trade and transport sectors. Analysis done also shows that income per capita has grown at a faster rate in areas closer to the corridor that areas further removed.

Comparison of Developmental Stages in Relation to Way Finding Behavior in an Immersive Virtual Reality Space

To establish a proper evaluation method for spatial cognitive deficits and a form of developmental disorder, we have used an immersive virtual reality (VR) device to develop a game that involves actually walking through a VR space to search for a target object. In this paper, we presented the results of control experiment with 22 healthy elementary school students as participants. The complexity of the VR space was controlled according to the number of pillars present and whether an overall view was possible (controlled by the height of the pillars). For each set of conditions, 24 trials were performed, and the route and time taken to search for the target were recorded. The starting point was changed in each subsequent trial. Results showed that the search time decreased as the number of trials increase, suggesting a process whereby a cognitive map was formed. We also compared the present results to results from our previous experiment with university students using the same experimental conditions, and we discussed the influence of developmental stage on spatial cognition.

中国跨境人民币结算省域分异及其区域功能定位

2009年跨境人民币结算试点启动以来,中国跨境人民币结算稳步发展,内地31省区市省域差异明显。在已有研究基础上,实证分析产业发展水平、金融资源禀赋及区域政策等对跨境人民币结算的影响,丰富完善跨境人民币结算影响因素的研究。结合跨境结算货币理论,运用TOPSIS法对内地31省区市跨境人民币结算发展潜力测度评价,根据测度结果提出跨境人民币结算的极化发展区、支撑发展区及挖潜提升发展区的总体空间发展布局构想及省域功能定位,并就实施路径提出建议。

汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童视觉空间信息加工能力的可塑性:基于心理旋转实验

视觉空间信息加工能力在阅读中起至关重要的作用。以二年级(阅读启蒙阶段)和五年级(阅读运用阶段)的发展性阅读障碍儿童为被试,采用心理旋转实验范式,探究汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童在“真字”和“非字”心理旋转任务中视觉空间信息加工能力的差异。结果发现:五年级阅读障碍儿童在“真字”心理旋转任务中表现显著优于二年级阅读障碍儿童,两者在“非字”心理旋转任务上无显著差异。这表明,比起生理成熟,后天教育学习更能有效改善发展性阅读障碍儿童视觉空间信息加工能力。因此,对发展性阅读障碍儿童的早期干预是可行的。

云南十里香茶树空间转录组测序研究

近年来,云南大叶种茶和古茶树资源备受关注,而对于云南小叶种茶树资源研究报道较少。十里香茶树品种是云南特有的小叶种茶树资源,品质独特且饮用历史悠久。空间转录组技术作为一种新兴的基因表达分析技术,目前尚未见在茶树资源应用上的文献报道。利用空间转录组测序技术对十里香茶树嫩芽的基因表征情况和空间调控机制进行研究,结果显示,Spot聚类分析识别嫩芽细胞类型,划分为13个不同细胞类型cluster,构建空间转录组图谱,观察到不同细胞类型cluster在嫩芽的两种发育时期的空间表达位置存在差异,呈现空间异质性。进一步鉴定不同细胞类型cluster中的差异基因,主要以抗逆胁迫、生长发育调控为主,抗逆胁迫代表性基因为LOC114312694、 LOC114319171、 LOC114320792、 LOC114287723、 LOC114284011、LOC114289235,生长发育代表性基因为LOC114263486、LOC114320821、LOC114292779、LOC114321117、LOC114286858;并绘制空间分布图,发现这些抗逆胁迫和生长发育基因在幼叶中高表达,这说明在嫩芽发育的早期阶段,其在抗逆胁迫和生长发育调控方面发挥重要作用。GO与KEGG富集分析发现,十里香茶树嫩芽的差异基因涉及多个重要通路,如翻译、茉莉酸信号调控、钙离子结合、植物激素信号转导等,这些都与茶树生长发育紧密相关。此研究结果可为十里香茶树发育生物学提供一定的科学依据,同时也为其他茶树资源的研究提供一种新的思路。

咖啡果小蠹生物学特性及发生动态

咖啡果小蠹(Hypothenemus hampei)是近年来新入侵我国大陆的一种检疫性害虫,对我国咖啡产业的健康发展具有巨大的潜在威胁。本研究旨在明确该虫的生物学特性及田间发生规律,为后期开展监测预报和综合治理提供理论基础。在室内饲养条件[(26.5±1)℃,相对湿度为75%±5%,光照14L∶10D]下,观察咖啡果小蠹各龄期的形态特征、发育历期及繁殖能力,并结合田间观察明确该虫的年生活史;2021—2022年通过田间系统调查,分析该虫在海南省万宁市的发生动态规律及空间分布类型,旨在明确该虫的生物学特性及田间发生规律,为后续进行综合防治提供理论依据。结果表明:咖啡果小蠹卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的发育历期分别为(6.75±0.65)、(17.41±1.63)、(6.45±1.15)、(42.74±9.55)d,平均世代历期为(73.35±11.26)d。各龄期主要形态特征为:卵椭球形,乳白色,表面光滑有光泽;幼虫通常呈“C”字型,乳白色,略透明,头部呈褐色,无足;蛹初期为乳白色,后期变为褐色,头部藏于前胸背板之下;成虫体呈圆柱形,暗褐色到黑色,有光泽,雄虫比雌虫小。雌成虫通常在黑暗条件下产卵,单雌产卵量为(11.85±1.69)粒,雌雄比为10.25∶0.95。室内和田间观察结果表明,咖啡果小蠹在海南1年发生7代,无明显越冬现象。2021—2022年田间调查结果表明,1月开始咖啡果小蠹种群数量缓慢上升,4—5月咖啡果小蠹发生率呈暴增状态,最高可达到60.15%,5月升至顶峰后又急速下降,6—10月始终维持在相对稳定的水平,11月种群数量又呈增长状态,出现一个小高峰,达到19.87%,12月有所下降但至次年3月均呈现缓慢增长态势,咖啡果小蠹的发生率与上一年遗留的果实数量有关。对空间和方位的调查结果表明,果实发育期内咖啡果小蠹在空间上偏好中层(0.5~1.0m)果实,在方位上偏好东和北2个方向,可能与光照和温度有关。通过4种聚集度参数的结果显示,咖啡果小蠹在水平方向和垂直方向均属于聚集分布。

不同林龄华北落叶松优势木生长与空间结构的关联性

【目的】优势木的生长与其周围的相邻木密切相关,探究不同林龄林分中相邻木构成的空间结构特征对目标林木生长的影响,可以为调整空间结构进而激发林分生长潜力提供理论依据。【方法】选择27 a、37 a和46 a 3种不同林龄的华北落叶松人工林,分别设置面积为90 m×60 m、120 m×120 m和120 m×120 m的大样地,以优势木和其最近4株邻近木构建空间结构单元,计算每株优势木的角尺度、大小比数、混交度和密集度等指标,分析不同林龄中优势木在不同空间结构间的生长差异。【结果】优势木胸径和树高年均增长量均有显著的林龄差异,年均增长量随林龄增大而降低。在27 a林分的结构单元中,处于随机分布、优势、零度混交和密集状态的优势木占比最高,优势木平均胸径分别在角尺度为0.50、大小比数为0、混交度为0.75和密集度为1时最大,优势木平均树高分别在角尺度为0、大小比数为0、混交度为0.75和密集度为0.75时最大。在37 a的结构单元中,处于随机分布、优势、零度混交和非常密集状态的优势木占比最高,优势木平均胸径分别在角尺度为0.50、大小比数为0、混交度为0.5和密集度为0时最大,优势木平均树高分别在角尺度为0、大小比数为0、混交度为0.25和密集度为1时最大。在46 a的结构单元中,处于随机分布、优势、零度混交和稀疏状态的优势木占比最高,优势木平均胸径分别在角尺度为0.50、大小比数为0和密集度为0时最大,优势木平均树高分别在角尺度为0、大小比数为0和密集度为0时最大。【结论】水平分布格局、树种多样性、自身个体大小和树冠竞争影响优势木生长特征。在演替过程中,优势木朝着减小聚集程度和竞争压力的方向上发展,适当提升优势木的混交程度和保证优势木个体的生长优势利于其胸径和树高生长。在质量选择阶段,宜进一步选择生长好的优势木作为目标树,适当抚育采伐,优化结构单元,以人工促进天然更新等手段提升林分稳定性。在近自然阶段,应及时清理枯立木,通过人工促进天然更新和清除干扰木,继续优化空间结构。

凉山州地质灾害发育特征与时空分布规律

凉山州地处横断山系东北缘、川滇构造带南段,受活动构造、地形地貌、河流切割等作用影响,发育有地质灾害总数4016处,以中、小型土质滑坡和中、小型沟谷泥石流为主,是四川省地质灾害高风险地区。本文采用资料收集、数理统计、ArcGIS软件分析等方法分析发现,按行政区分析,德昌县是地质灾害发育数量最多的县市,为387处;宁南县是灾害发育密度最高的县市,为17.7处/100 km^(2);按流域分析,安宁河流域的地质灾害数量最多,达779处;美姑河流域的灾害发育密度最高,达11.18处/100 km^(2)。以灾害发育密度为指标对不同灾害类型地质灾害的空间分布进行分析,滑坡方面,划分为4个极高密度区和15个高密度区,滑坡发育受活动构造、易滑地层(红层、昔格达组等)控制作用影响较大;崩塌方面,划分为2个极高密度区和5个高密度区,崩塌沿河谷及支沟、活动构造呈带状分布,受水电站库区开发建设、公路建设等工程活动切坡影响较大;泥石流方面,划分为2个极高密度区和10个高密度区,泥石流发育受构造断裂、地形地貌和人类工程活动影响较大。研究成果可为凉山州的防灾减灾工作提供数据支撑和科学参考。

桥山林区麻栎种群不同发育阶段空间格局及关联性

为探究麻栎种群不同发育阶段的空间分布特征及关联性,以黄土高原南部桥山林区麻栎天然次生林为研究对象,用L(r)函数对麻栎种群不同发育阶段空间分布特征及关联性进行分析。结果表明:(1)样地内麻栎种群各发育阶段数量结构均为不规则倒"J"型,种群结构稳定,能实现持续更新。(2)麻栎种群总体的空间分布特征受生境异质性影响较大,纯林样地中,种群在0—10 m尺度上表现为高强度聚集分布,5—35 m尺度表现为低强度聚集;混交林样地中,0—5 m尺度上表现为高强度聚集分布,5—35 m尺度上则表现为低强度聚集分布。(3)随着种群的发育及尺度的增大,麻栎种群空间聚集强度减弱,纯林样地内,麻栎幼苗在0—6 m的小尺度表现为聚集分布,6—12 m尺度上表现为随机分布;幼树在各尺度上均表现为聚集分布;中龄树与成龄树在各尺度上均表现为随机分布。混交林样地中,仅幼苗在0—6 m尺度上表现为聚集分布,其余各阶段在各尺度下均趋于随机分布。(4)种群不同发育阶段不同尺度空间关联性不同,纯林样地中,幼苗与幼树在1—2 m小尺度上呈负相关,幼树与中龄树在8 m尺度呈正相关,其余各生长阶段之间在任意尺度上均无关联性;混交林样地中,幼树与中龄树在2—12 m尺度上表现为正相关,其余各生长阶段之间在各尺度上均无关联。在未来的森林经营中,应对不同发育阶段、不同生境的种群进行不同抚育措施,促进种群良性发育。

农田尺度下冬小麦晚霜冻害空间差异及原因分析

【目的】揭示农田尺度下冬小麦晚霜冻害与产量关系及其空间分布规律,探讨其空间差异性原因,为冻害风险早期预判及影响因子调控提供先验知识和依据。【方法】选择矮抗58冬小麦品种作为研究对象,以2013年4月发生的3次自然霜冻为契机,构建死穗率、残穗率、残穗指数和减产率等晚霜冻害评价指标。基于商丘市一农户麦田内100个采样点(以5 m间隔定点)的小麦产量、冻害考察以及土壤肥力测定数据,运用多元线性逐步回归、地统计学、系统聚类、方差分析以及多重比较等方法对穗数、实际产量和晚霜冻害评价指标进行空间统计分析,探讨其与小麦发育进程、返青期土壤肥力因子的关系。【结果】逐步回归分析表明,死穗率是影响穗数的关键因子,呈负效应。影响实际产量的因子是残穗指数、死穗率和残穗率,3个因子均呈负效应,值越大,实际产量越低,其中残穗指数的影响最大(直接通径系数为-0.453)。影响减产率的因子为死穗率、残穗率和残穗指数,3个因子均为正效应,值越大,减产率越高,其中死穗率的影响最大(直接通径系数为0.626)。晚霜冻害具有显著的正空间自相关特性,冻害程度相近的样点在局域空间上呈集聚分布状态;在所有冻害评价指标中,减产率的空间集聚性最强(Moran’s I=0.5538)。冻害分区结果表明,随着冻害程度加深,穗数和实际产量显著降低(P<0.05);死穗率增幅最大(达271.3%),其次是残穗率和残穗指数(分别为36.4%和31.8%),它们共同成为导致减产率大幅攀升(增幅达132.1%)的因素;冻害程度最重的区域几乎连片分布,空间集聚性明显。小麦发育进程和返青期土壤养分的空间差异明显,与晚霜冻害具有一定空间关联性。土壤全氮、水解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质等与冻害指标之间达显著负相关(P<0.05),随着前期土壤养分含量降低,冻害程度呈加重趋势。前期持续干旱使得土壤含水量迅速下降,进一步加重了晚霜冻害的影响程度。【结论】在农田尺度下,晚霜冻害影响冬小麦穗数和实际产量的空间差异性明显,其空间分布与小麦发育进程和返青期土壤养分等因子有一定的关联性,这为在精细空间上进行冻害风险早期预判与因子调控提供了可能。

长江中下游干流港群空间结构的演化特征(1985～1997年)

以长江中下游干流沿岸为研究区域，探讨了1985年～1997年本区域港群的空间结构演化特征。统计分析表明：集中是长江中下游港群空间结构演化的整体趋势，但同时伴随着较大的波动。整个港群和中下游各省地方港群赫佛因德指数的高低及其变化趋势说明中下游港群的集中状态处在较低水平，而且这种低水平的集中和地方港群比较明显的分散趋势同时并存。此外，各地港群不同水平的赫佛因德指数也表明了它们在集中程度上的明显差异。通过进一步对12年来港群吞吐量在各地的增长分配分析，得出中下游港群货流向下游集中的结论。作者认为：港口所处的流域位置和水域自然条件，港口相关腹地内陆路交通事业的发展，80年代以来下游港群港口能力的建设和集装箱运输的发展，国家宏观经济政策和港口管理体制的调整是形成目前中下游港群空间结构演化特征的最主要原因。同时指出集中仍会是今后中下游港群空间结构演化的主要趋势，并且随着集中的发展，港口职能将会逐步明确，而率先实施技术改造，占据与腹地联系先优的港口将可能成为本区域港口地域群体中的枢纽港口。

海南省体育旅游空间优化及其发展模式

海南是我国首个全域旅游创建省,旅游资源丰富,生态环境优越,资源导向型体育旅游发展特征明显。运用文献资料法、案例分析法,梳理海南体育旅游资源,确立体育旅游发展原则,优化海南体育旅游空间布局,明晰体育旅游发展模式,为我国滨海体育旅游发展提供参考。

20世纪中国铁路网扩展及其空间通达性

作者设计了运输距离Di和通达性系数等度量交通网络通达性的指标,并以“最短路模型”为基础,分析了100年来中国铁路交通网络的发展以及由此引起的通达性空间格局的变化。结果显示,中国铁路网络结构的演化经历了起步、筑网、延伸、优化4个阶段,但空间扩展的速度相对缓慢。路网扩展和原有路网优化是通达性提高的主要方式;100年铁路建设导致“空间收敛”效果显著。通达性空间格局呈现同心圈层结构,由华北区向四周辐射;且通达性高于全国平均水平的范围也由华北向华东区、中南区扩展,交通中心由天津向郑州逐渐转移。铁路的建设推动了社会经济空间结构的演化,运输走廊的现代化将推动空间经济轴线进一步强化。

中国境内旅游产业潜力研究:区域差异与路径选择

潜力的积累是旅游产业取得现实竞争力的前提和基础,更是获得和提升自身可持续发展能力的源泉和保障。从宏观、中观和微观层次对旅游产业这一综合的经济系统进行解构,并构建评价指标体系;选取2005~2007年3年的平均值,运用SPSS 14.0统计分析工具对旅游产业的主要影响因子进行筛选,并对中国31个省、自治区、直辖市的旅游产业潜力展开分层评价、综合评价和聚类分析,继而深入探究潜力的区域分布差异及发展路径类型选择,以期把握当前中国境内旅游产业潜力现状,并为其积累与提升竞争力提供参考。

中国大陆上市公司的时空现状及其可持续发展研究

首先阐述了中国大陆证券市场的发展历史,分析了中国大陆上市公司的发展态势。从中国大陆各省区(省、直辖市、自治区)、六大经济区、三大经济地带入手,探讨了中国大陆上市公司的空间分布格局及其分布重心的移动轨迹,指出中国大陆上市公司的空间分布格局是由区域上市公司数量、土地面积、经济发展水平和产业结构发展状况等诸多因素所造成的。最后对上市公司的可持续发展进行了研究,旨在为中国大陆区域上市公司的相对均衡发展和可持续发展提供科学依据,以促进中国证券市场和国民经济的持续发展。

Identifying the Geography and Determinants of O2O Online Retailers in Megacity in Central China:A Case Study of Zhengzhou City

In recent years,O2O e-commerce,represented by online group-buying,has developed vigorously,which had significant impacts on urban commercial space.Zhengzhou City is a rising national central city in China,and its e-commerce development level is ahead,but relevant researches are rare.Therefore,the data of online retailers of Meituan.com was collected and combined with Baidu map and Baidu heat map data.Then,we adopted the methods such as spatial statistics and geodetector to explore the geography and determinants of O2O online retailers in Zhengzhou urban area.The main conclusions are 1)The spatial development of O2O online retailers is characterized by significant global high-value agglomeration.2)The agglomeration areas of different types of O2O online retailers are different.Most of them are concentrated in the old urban area within the Third Ring Road of Zhengzhou City,forming five comprehensive agglomeration areas.3)The areas with the high e-commerce development level are mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest of the x-shaped region formed by the intersection of Lianyungang-Lanzhou and Beijing-Guangzhou railways.Erqi Square and Guomao 360 Plaza are at the highest development level,followed by Zhongyuan Wanda Plaza and Daxue Middle Road.The development level at other areas is relatively low.4)Zhengzhou’s O2O commercial pattern is highly dependent on physical business.The population distribution,especially the population distribution during the nightlife period,plays a vital role in its spatial development,followed by accessibility.The influences of physical distance are slightly larger than that of time cost,but the difference between them is little.In addition,travelling costs have the least impact.This paper could provide certain references for urban commercial planning.

老城区现代服务业空间布局与发展对策研究

文章基于现代服务业知识密集、技术含量大、新兴性、空间集聚性、开放性的基本特征,结合老城区现代服务业发展的现状及前景,分析了现代服务业的布局条件,包括经济社会基础、技术与人才资源、基础设施、制度环境等,并进一步阐述了老城区现代服务业空间布局与发展的基本对策。