Spatial structure optimization of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse based on system dynamics model and CLUE-S model

The mountainous abandoned mine land is often distributed in the fomi of fragmented patches. Therefore, it can greatly promote the reuse value of abandoned mine land and relieve the pressure of land demand to realize the rational reuse of abandoned mine land based on the future land use structure and spatial layout of mountainous area. In this paper, optimization of the spatial structure of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse is realized through the system dynamics model and CLUE-S model. Mentougou district, Beijing, China is selected as the research area. System dynamics model with feedback functions is constructed to simulate land use structure from 2011 to 2025, which is taken as the quanfiiative constraint on spatial structure optimization. CLUE-S model with neighborhood analysis function is applied to simulate future land use spatial structure. The simulation result layer is superimposed with the abandoned mine land distribution layer and the optimized spatial structure of abandoned mine land reuse then is determined, checked by reuse suitability evaluation. The result shows that abandoned mine land can be fully optimized as other land use types according to demand, and the reuse directions are water conservancy facilities land, urban land, rural residential land, tourism land, garden land, woodland and grassland. The trend of abandoned mine land reuse tend to be consistent with land use types of neighboring patches. This study can provide theoretical reference for the practices of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse.

Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of 4UPS-UPU Spatial Parallel Mechanism with Spherical Clearance Joint

Clearance between the moving joints is unavoidable in real working process. At present, many researches are mainly focused on dynamics of plane revolute joint in plane mechanism, but few on dynamics of spatial spherical joint clearance in spatial parallel mechanism. In this paper, a general method is proposed for establishing dynamic equations of spatial parallel mechanism with spatial spherical clearance by Lagrange multiplier method. The kinematic model and contact force model of the spherical joint clearance were established successively. Lagrange multiplier method was used to deduce the dynamics equation of 4 UPS-UPU mechanism with spherical clearance joint systematically. The influence of friction coefficient on dynamics response of 4 UPS-UPU mechanism with spherical clearance joint was analyzed. Non-linear characteristics of clearance joint and moving platform were analyzed by Poincare map, phase diagram, and bifurcation diagram. The results show that variation of friction coefficient and clearance value had little effect on stability of the mechanism, but the chaotic phenomenon was found at spherical clearance joint. The research has theoretical guiding significance for improving the dynamic performance and avoiding of chaos of parallel mechanisms including spherical joint clearance.

Dynamic Modeling of Heterogeneous Spatial Analysis for Energy and Natural Resources in Grid Integration Environment

With the high-tech industrialization of earth observation satellite remote sensing and the implementation of digital earth strategy,the energy and natural resources have been decided to be the key research fields in China.In these fields,from the model based on topology data,through simple feature data model to rule-based data model,the basic spatial analysis algorithms have been developed

Dynamic Modeling of Variable Stiffness and Damping for Spatial Linkage Weft Insertion Mechanism with Clearance

In order to further analyze the influence of clearance on the kinematic performance of spatial linkage weft insertion mechanism,it is necessary to study the dynamic characteristics of contact impact force model with the variable stiffness and damping coefficient.Firstly,the parameters in the output process of the system are solved by describing of the flexible joint clearance.Then,based on Lankarani-Nikravesh contact force model,the contact impact stiffness and damping coefficient is modified from fixed values to time-varying coefficients.The dynamic model of spatial linkage weft insertion mechanism with modified clearance is established by Lagrange method,and the dynamic characteristics of the system are calculated.The results show that the joint clearance can directly affect the output performance of the mechanism.With the increase of the clearance value,the curve fluctuations of acceleration,driving torque and collision force are obvious,and it will be further intensified with the increase of spindle speed,which greatly affects the stability of mechanism and fabric quality.Finally,the virtual prototype is established by the SolidWorks software and simulated by the ADAMS software.The simulation results are compared with the numerical results,which verifies the accuracy of the modeling method in this paper.

Three-stage approach for dynamic traffic temporal-spatial model

In order to describe the characteristics of dynamic traffic flow and improve the robustness of its multiple applications, a dynamic traffic temporal-spatial model(DTTS) is established. With consideration of the temporal correlation, spatial correlation and historical correlation, a basic DTTS model is built. And a three-stage approach is put forward for the simplification and calibration of the basic DTTS model. Through critical sections pre-selection and critical time pre-selection, the first stage reduces the variable number of the basic DTTS model. In the second stage, variable coefficient calibration is implemented based on basic model simplification and stepwise regression analysis. Aimed at dynamic noise estimation, the characteristics of noise are summarized and an extreme learning machine is presented in the third stage. A case study based on a real-world road network in Beijing, China, is carried out to test the efficiency and applicability of proposed DTTS model and the three-stage approach.

Assessing the dynamics of human activity intensity and its natural and socioeconomic determinants in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Investigating the spatiotemporal variation of human activity intensity and its determinants is a crucial basis for further revealing the mechanism of human-environment interaction and optimizing the human development mode.In this study,the human activity intensity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)from 1990 to 2020 was measured based on the quantitative model of land use data and the actual regional background,and the under-lying natural and socioeconomic determinants were investigated using spatial econometric methods.The results demonstrate that(1)the human activity intensity in QTP has increased by 11.96%,and there are differences in different spatial scales;the areas with high human activity intensity are distributed in the Hehuang Valley where Xining City and its surrounding areas are located,as well as the One-River and Two-River Area where Lhasa City and surrounding areas are located.(2)Human activity intensity has significant positive spatial spillover,suggesting that local changes will cause changes in the same direction in adjacent areas.(3)The human activ-ity intensity in QTP is affected by various determinants.Concerning socioeconomic factors,the economic level has no significant impact on the human activity intensity in QTP,which differs from the general regional law.Both urbanization and traffic conditions have a significant positive effect,and the impact intensity continues to increase.Concerning natural factors,topographic relief has a significant positive effect;the impacts of temper-ature and vegetation coverage have changed from insignificant to a significant positive effect;the impacts of precipitation and river network density have not been verified;there is no linear relationship between altitude and human activity intensity in the entire QTP,while it exists in local regions.Finally,this study proposes three policy implications for the realization of a more harmonious human-environment relationship in QTP.

Drivers of spatial structure in thinned forests

Background:As is widely known,an increasing number of forest areas were managed to preserve and enhance the health of forest ecosystems.However,previous research on forest management has often overlooked the importance of structure-based.Aims:Our objectives were to define the direction of structure-based forest management.Subsequently,we investigated the relationships between forest structure and the regeneration,growth,and mortality of trees under different thinning treatments.Ultimately,the drivers of forest structural change were explored.Methods:On the basis of 92 sites selected from northeastern China,with different recovery time (from 1 to 15years) and different thinning intensities (0–59.9%) since the last thinning.Principal component analysis (PCA)identified relationships among factors determining forest spatial structure.The structural equation model (SEM)was used to analyze the driving factors behind the changes in forest spatial structure after thinning.Results:Light thinning (0–20%trees removed) promoted forest regeneration,and heavy thinning (over 35% of trees removed) facilitated forest growth.However,only moderate thinning (20%–35%trees removed) created a reasonable spatial structure.While dead trees were clustered,and they were hardly affected by thinning intensity.Additionally,thinning intensity,recovery time,and altitude indirectly improve the spatial structure of the forest by influencing diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy area.Conclusion:Creating larger DBH and canopy area through thinning will promote the formation of complex forest structures,which cultivates healthy and stable forests.

Impact of anthropogenic activities on vegetation dynamics in a reservoir area: model establishment and a case study of Longkaikou Reservoir in China

Vegetation in hot and arid valleys is a crucial indicator of ecosystem health,but is vulnerable to human activities and environmental change.Using the Longkaikou Reservoir in the Jinsha River in southwestern China as a case study,we developed a spatially explicit model that combined the plant growth,fruiting,seed dispersal,and seed germination stages to reveal the potential impact of multiple human activities(reservoir construction,logging,grazing,and aerial seeding) on the vegetation dynamics of Dodonaea viscosa and Pinus yunnanensis.After reservoir construction,the grassland area of 68 km^(2) in 2003 decreased to 24 km^(2) in 2018,replaced by forest,shrubland,and bodies of water,and the precipitation increased during the dry season,which indicated the improvement of the local plant and soil environment.Our model predicted that when soil moisture decreased by more than 20% compared to current levels,the area of D.viscosa increased greatly at low elevations;however,when at higher soil moisture,P.yunnanensis would occupy more of the study area.Logging and grazing would slightly change the spatial pattern of vegetation and delay P.yunnanensis communities from achieving stability by directly reducing plant biomass.Countermeasures such as aerial seeding would increase the total area by 13.13 km^(2) and 8.09 km^(2) of two plants,respectively,and accelerate the stabilization of plant communities.The effects of multiple human activities on vegetation may counteract each other;for example,logging decreased the P.yunnanensis area whereas aerial seeding increased it,and plant biomass changed in response to this pressure.Given the complex relationships between vegetation and human impacts,our study provides a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological security in this hot and arid valley.

Shift-share Analysis on International Tourism Competitiveness——A Case of Jiangsu Province

Shift-share analysis has been confirmed a useful approach in the study of regional economics and many kinds of extended shift-share models have been advanced and put into practice in economic studies, but few have hitherto been introduced and applied to the tourism research in China. Moreover understanding the spatially competitive relationship is of paramount importance for marketers, developers, and planners involved in tourism strategy development. Based on international tourism receipts from 1995 to 2004, this study aims at probing into the spatial competitiveness of interna- tional tourism in Jiangsu Province in comparison with its neighbors by applying a spatially extended shift-share model and a modified dynamic shift-share model. The empirical results illustrate that exceptional years may exist in the ap- plication of dynamic shift-share models. To solve this issue, modifications to dynamic shift-share model are put forward. The analytical results are not only presented but also explained by the comparison of background conditions of tourism development between Jiangsu and its key competitors. The conclusions can be drawn that the growth of international tourism receipts in Jiangsu mainly attributes to the national component and the competitive component and Zhejiang is the most important rival to Jiangsu during the period of 1995-2004. In order to upgrade the tourism competitiveness, it is indispensable for Jiangsu to take proper positioning, promoting and marketing strategies and to cooperate and integrate with its main rivals.

Research on spatial calculating analysis model of landuse change

The spatial calculating analysis model is based on GIS overlay. It will compartmentalize the land in research district into three spatial types: unchanged parts, converted parts and increased parts. By this method we can evaluate the numerical model and dynamic degree model for calculating land-use change rates. Furthermore, the paper raises the possibility of revising the calculating analysis model of spatial information in order to predicate more precisely the dynamic changing level of all types of land uses. In the most concrete terms, the model is used mainly to understand changed area and changed rates (increasing or decreasing) of different land types from microcosmic angle and establish spatial distribution and spatio-temporal principles of the changing urban lands. And we will try to find out why the situation can take place by combining social and economic situations. The result indicates the calculating analysis model of spatial information can derive more accurate procedure of spatial transference and increase of all kinds of land from microcosmic angle. By this model and technology we can conduct the research of land-use spatio-temporal structure evolution more systematically and more deeply, and can obtain a satisfactory result. The result will benefit the rational planning and management of urban land use of developed coastal areas in China in the future.

Spatial spillover effects of official development assistance on environmental pressure in sub-Saharan African(SSA)countries

Impoverished sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)is under increasing environmental pressure from global environmental changes.It is now generally accepted in academic circles that economic development in SSA countries can cause environmental pressure in other countries.However,there is research gap on the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressure in SSA countries and whether economic assistance causes spatial spillovers of environ-mental pressure between SSA countries.To better understand the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures in SSA,a dynamic spatial Dubin panel model was developed.It helped us explore the spatial spillover effects of economic assistance on environmental pressures in recipient countries based on the panel data from 34 SSA countries.The results show that economic assistance had a positive stimulating effect on environmen-tal pressures of recipient countries,which means that the degree of human disturbance to the environment has deepened.Due to the regional correlation effect,neighboring countries were saddled with environmental pres-sures from the target country.Moreover,environmental pressures have time inertia,which can easily produce a snowball effect.The decomposition of effects shows that the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures is relatively minor.Environmental pressures have spillover effects,so to deal with diffuse risks,joint regional prevention and control policies should be developed.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Green Total-factor Water-use Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in China

In this study,we developed an evaluation index system for green total-factor water-use efficiency(GTFWUE)which reflected both economic and green efficiencies of water resource utilization.Then we measured the GTFWUE of 30 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions(hereafter provinces)in China(not including Tibet,Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan as no data)from 2000 to 2018 using a minimum distance to the strong frontier model that contained an undesirable output.We further analyzed the regional differences and spatial correlations of GTFWUE using these values based on Global and Local Moran’s I statistics,and empirically determined the factors affecting GTFWUE using a spatial econometric model.The evaluation results revealed that the GTFWUE differed substantially between the regions.The provinces with high and low GTFWUE values were located in the coastal and inland areas of China,respectively.The eastern region had a significantly higher GTFWUE than the central and western regions.The GTFWUEs for all three regions(eastern,central,and western regions)decreased slowly from 2000 to 2011(except 2005),remained stable from 2012 to 2016,and rapidly increased in 2017 before decreasing again in 2018.We found significant spatial correlations between the provincial GTFWUEs.The GTFWUE for most provinces belonged to the high-high or low-low cluster region,revealing a significant spatial clustering effect of provincial GTFWUEs.We also found that China’s GTFWUE was highly promoted by economic growth,population size,opening-up level,and urbanization level,and was evidently hindered by water endowment,technological progress,and government influence.However,the water-use structure had little impact on GTFWUE.This study fully demonstrated that the water use mode would be improved,and water resources needed to be used more efficiently and green in China.Moreover,based on the findings of this study,several policy recommendations were proposed from the aspects of cross-regional cooperation,economy,society,and institution.

数字普惠金融对共同富裕的空间动态影响分析

基于中国城市层面数据和北京大学数字普惠金融指数,构建空间动态杜宾模型,从增收和改善收入分配的视角实证分析数字普惠金融对共同富裕的影响。研究结果显示:数字普惠金融对农村居民人均纯收入影响的短期直接效应显著为正;无论短期还是长期,数字普惠金融对城乡居民收入分配差距影响的间接效应均显著为负;相较于拓宽数字普惠金融覆盖广度和加深数字普惠金融使用深度,数字化程度的提高能同时达到增收和改善收入分配的目的,更有利于促进共同富裕。

空间异形拱桥振动台试验设计

振动台试验是研究大型结构复杂动力特性和地震响应的有效手段,由于振动台尺寸和载重的限制,合理设计缩尺模型结构是振动台试验成功的关键。基于量纲相似法及弹性相似律,取1∶20的几何相似比,以某空间异形拱桥为原型,开展了其关键参数动力缩尺模型设计。首先,通过有限元数值分析,分析了动力作用下原桥模型与缩尺桥模型的动力特性、关键部位内力与位移等响应,以验证缩尺模型的合理性;并在选取合理地震动作用下,开展了结构时程响应分析。研究结果表明:缩尺模型桥与原型桥前10阶模态完全吻合且频率误差小于7%,关键截面内力、位移和加速度等响应误差未超过10%,缩尺模型桥可较好地反映原桥动力特性和响应特点。研究成果可为空间异形拱桥振动台抗震设计提供技术支撑并为同类桥梁振动台试验提供参考。

超导钉扎高速磁浮车-轨耦合动力学建模与仿真

为探究超导钉扎磁浮车辆高速运行动态特性,建立车-轨耦合空间模型,开展不同车速下的动力学仿真。结合有限元方法获得磁轨关系数学模型;基于牛顿-欧拉法建立车辆模型,引入截短梁描述建立永磁轨道模型;以磁轨关系为纽带获得超导钉扎磁浮车-轨空间耦合动力学模型;利用Matlab对模型进行仿真,分析轨道振动、电机法向力和轨道不平顺等对超导钉扎磁浮车辆-轨道系统动态响应的影响。结果表明:磁浮车辆系统的振动受轨道不平顺和车速的影响较大,受轨道振动的影响可忽略不计;在速度为620 km/h时,车体、悬浮架的最大振动加速度分别保持在0.5、8 m/s^(2)以下,具有较好的乘坐舒适性。建立的模型可为超导钉扎磁浮交通线路设计与参数优化等研究提供帮助。

中国水产品贸易生态足迹时空演变与动态预测

国际贸易下的生态输入与输出在一定程度上会重新配置国家及地区之间的生态环境资源。中国在大力发展水产品贸易的同时,也面临着由此带来的生态资源损失等问题。基于生态足迹模型测算2001—2020年中国与35个主要国家和地区的水产品贸易生态足迹和生态净值进行现状评价,通过ArcGIS揭示生态净值的时空演变特征,并运用ARIMA模型预测其未来变化趋势。研究结果表明:(1)中国水产品进口与出口生态足迹值较大,不同种类水产品贸易生态足迹值差距较大。(2)中国水产品贸易生态净值虽然近期呈现显著上升趋势,但整体生态净值态势不稳定,而且不同种类水产品贸易生态净值差别较大。(3)中国水产品贸易生态净值在时间维度上整体变化程度不高,但在空间维度上存在明显的异质性问题,并且集中程度变化较为明显。(4)中国水产品出口贸易生态足迹和进口贸易生态足迹主要国家分布基本保持稳定,但是少数主要国家变化明显,水产品出口贸易和进口贸易集中度均较高。(5)预测2021—2025年中国水产品出口和进口生态足迹处于明显不平衡状态,2025年中国水产品贸易生态净值空间分布依然存在明显的异质性问题。因此,本研究从优化水产品贸易结构、畅通产业双循环路径、提升海洋科技创新能力、深化多边贸易合作体制等不同维度提出优化中国水产品贸易生态足迹的相关对策建议,为中国水产品贸易可持续发展提供现实依据。

我国青贮玉米生产的集聚演变及其作用机制——基于动态空间杜宾模型

为观测青贮玉米生产的动态变化,研究基于2001—2021年我国30个省面板数据,选用重心模型分析青贮玉米生产集聚区域变动。在此基础上,借助动态空间杜宾模型剖析要素投入、社会经济、政策支持对中国青贮玉米生产区域变动的影响。结果表明,我国青贮玉米存在空间聚集现象,即2001—2021年间我国青贮玉米生产量的莫兰指数总体上呈“先降再升再降再升”的发展态势。生产重心演变轨迹结果显示,我国青贮玉米生产区域重心呈现“先东北后西北、西南”的演变趋势。机制结果表明,粮食优势、财政扶持、务工收入增加是推进青贮玉米生产的主要驱动因素;生产基础设备、化肥施用、农业收益对本省份青贮玉米生产具有正向影响,但对相邻省份青贮玉米生产的影响不显著。

农村数字化发展对农业全要素碳生产率的提升效应

为应对全球气候变化,数字化转型的绿色效益受到关注。农业作为国民经济的基础,亦是第二大温室气体排放源,如何借助数字化同时实现农业降碳和增产是中国实现“双碳”目标的关键问题。基于2011—2020年中国30省份面板数据,遵循“发展基础-发展动力-发展结果”的逻辑构建农村数字化综合指标,运用EBM-GML方法准确量化农业全要素碳生产率(ATFCP),采用历史农村公路密度和上一年农村互联网用户数作为工具变量,研究农村数字化和ATFCP之间的因果关系。研究发现:①农村数字化能够提升ATFCP,经过一系列稳健性检验和内生处理,这一结论仍然成立。②农村数字化通过促进技术创新、规模经营、结构升级、产业集聚和非农就业,进而实现对ATFCP的提升。③异质性分析结果表明,农村数字化对ATFCP的正向影响表现为边际递减,在绿色发展水平较高或较低地区均能发挥显著提升作用。此外,农村数字化存在金融门槛,在农村金融发展水平较高地区的提升作用更强,这是制约农村数字化促进ATFCP提升的主要原因。④空间计量分析结果表明,农村数字化和ATFCP之间存在显著的空间效应,短期和长期的间接影响均显著为正,农村数字化不仅能够提升本地的ATFCP,还能通过技术扩散正向影响邻近地区的ATFCP。基于此,要进一步强化农村数字化降碳增产的红利效应,通过加大资金投入,完善数字基础设施建设,推动要素流动和技术落地,提升农村数字化发展潜力;要实施动态化和差异化数字乡村发展战略,完善区域间合作机制,促进各地区之间数字经济的协调发展。

城市舒适性如何影响创新产出?——基于中国城市面板数据的实证研究

城市舒适性是数字经济时代影响城市创新水平的重要因素,但鲜有研究从个体区位选择偏好的微观层面揭示城市舒适性如何促进创新水平提升。本文在城市系统内构建了一个探究个体区位选择行为的动态空间模型,并基于中国296个城市的面板数据开展了相关实证检验。理论分析表明,调整舒适性资源在城市间的配置有利于优化创新要素及创新产出在城市间分布,提高舒适性水平有利于城市提高创新产出。定量研究发现:(1)城市舒适性对创新产出具有显著的正向作用,其中,公共服务和基础设施舒适性对创新产出的作用更大,自然环境舒适性的作用较小;(2)在空间异质性的检验中,城市舒适性在不同等级和不同地区城市之间表现出差异性,相较于大城市和东部发达地区,普通地级市和中西部城市的城市舒适性对城市创新产出的影响更大;(3)机制分析结果表明城市舒适性主要通过吸引人力资本集聚,促进城市创新产出水平提高。

长三角城市群多部门碳排放的时空特征、影响要素与空间规划响应研究

从碳排放总量及工业、民用、交通、电力四部门排放量出发,可视化分析长三角城市群碳排放的时空特征,构建模型分析其影响要素,并从国土空间规划的视角提出响应策略。首先,对1990—2021年长三角碳排放进行时空数据可视化;其次,通过空间自相关分析碳排放空间协同性;再次,考虑国土空间规划分区,采用改进STIRPAT模型遴选出社会经济、建成环境方面对总量、地均碳排放的显著影响因子及其弹性系数;最后,提出针对长三角地区碳减排的空间规划策略。结果表明,碳排放以区域性中心城区为聚集,城市化水平、人口要素、人均财富等要素会促进区域碳排放。基于此,提出碳排放分区划定、低碳产业引导、用地分类与格局优化等空间响应策略。