A narratological analysis of spatial elements in The Metamorphosis

This paper discusses about the significance of space in the expression of the main themes in Kafka＇s novel The Metamorphosis. By applying Bal＇s basic narratology concepts on space, 2 spatial elements are analyzed in the paper： the contrast of inside and outside, as well as the ＂filling in＂ of space, both of which serve to express human beings＇ isolation and desertion in an indifferent society.

The key spatial elements and high-density development of urban peninsula:A discussion on the relationship between core and cape

Urban peninsulas are an important category with distinctive geographical characteristics in the history of human settlements.Despite their time-honored development,abundant cultural accumulation,and developed water transportation,a considerable number of world-famous urban peninsulas demonstrate a remarkable feature of high-density development because of their limited space for expansion.Based on the in-depth analysis of the connotation and features of urban peninsulas,this study summarizes five basic elements concerning the space of urban peninsulas,namely,capes,boundaries,networks,nodes,and cores.On the basis of these five elements,different high-density developmental modes of urban peninsulas are construed to provide a reference model for the location,density control,and urban structure of high-rise building clusters in peninsulas and further reveal the significance and value of high-rise buildings in shaping the special urban form of peninsulas.

The spatial distribution of major and trace elements of surface sediments in the northeastern Beibu Gulf of the South China Sea

A multi-index analysis including grain size, major and trace elements is performed on the surface sediments from the northeastern Beibu Gulf to trace the sources of the sediments and to understand the controlling factors for elements distribution. The mean grain size exhibits a wide variation ranging from 0.09Φ to 8.05Φ with an average value of 5.33Φ. The average contents of major elements descend in an order of c(SiO_2)>c(Al_2O_3)>c(Fe_2O_3)>c(CaO)>c(MgO)>c(K_2O)>c(Na_2O)>c(TiO_2)>c(P_2O_5)>c(MnO), while those of trace elements exhibit a descending order of c(Sr)>c(Rb)>c(V)>c(Zn)>c(Cr)>c(Pb)>c(Ni)>c(Cu)>c(As). On the basis of elementary distribution characteristics and statistical analyses, the study area is divided into the four zones: Zone I is located in the northeastern coastal area of the gulf, which receives large amount of fluvial materials from local rivers in Guangxi and Guangdong, China, and the Qiongzhou Strait; Zone Ⅱ is located in the center of the study area, where surface sediments exhibits a multiple source; Zone Ⅲ is located in the Qiongzhou Strait, where surface sediments are dominated by materials from the Zhujiang River and Hainan; Zone IV is located in the southwest of the study area, where surface sediments are mainly originated from the Red River and Hainan. The statistical analyses of sediment geochemical characteristics reveal that the grain size, which is mainly influenced by hydrodynamics and mineral composition of terrigenous materials, is the leading factor controlling the elementary distribution.Meanwhile, impacts from anthropogenic activities and marine biogenic process will also be taken into consideration.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Elements in a Small Catchment, and Buffer Function of Wetland in Longgan Lake, China

Wetland is the conjunction of lake and terrene where human activities are concentrated. From the viewpoints of material transport and cycling in the terrene-lake system, wetland is the buffer where sand and mud, heavy metals, pollutants and nutrients are tarried. In this paper, we provide a case study based on the temporal and spatial distribution of elements in the Wangling River catchment, a small sub-catchment of Longgan Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. We have found that wetland can buffer major heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, etc. significantly, but has a little buffer function to some active elements such as Fe and Mn, which are always transported as solutions. Human activities not only influence the distribution of elements, but also weaken the buffer function of wetland. Intensive human activities in the Longgan Lake area in the past 70 years have been recorded in stream, wetland and lake sediments, especially the human activity events such as deforesting and reclaiming on a large scale in 1958 and the 1980’s. Human activities caused the increase of sedimentation rates since the 1950’s, as well as the increase of elements’ concentrations. The extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides since the 1960’s have led to the increase of total P concentrations. Increasing SO-2 emission accelerate the process of cation exchange in soil, and enhance the leaching of Mn out of soils. Permanent storing of water causes the soil gleyification that also intensifies the leaching of Mn. These are two major reasons for the obvious increase of manganese concentrations in recent 20 years in Longgan Lake. Intensive human activities since the 1950s’ have intensified the population in this region and thus destroyed the buffer function of wetland.

GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF SPATIAL THIN-WALLED BEAMS WITH GENERAL OPEN CROSS SECTION

Based on the theory of Timoshenko and thin-walled beams, a new finite element model of spatial thin-walled beams with general open cross sections is presented in the paper, in which several factors are included such as lateral shear deformation, warp generated by nonuni- form torsion and second-order shear stress, coupling of flexure and torsion, and large displacement with small strain. With an additional internal node in the element, the element stiffness matrix is deduced by incremental virtual work in updated Lagrangian （UL） formulation. Numerical examples demonstrate that the presented model well describes the geometrically nonlinear property of spatial thin-walled beams.

基于Oracle Spatial的北京城市空间要素数据库实现

现阶段,城市研究中涉及的空间数据逐渐增多,如何将这些研究中用到的海量多源异构空间数据进行一体化管理,同时提高数据的安全性和加快数据的访问速度,是急需解决的问题。为此,重点探讨Oracle Spatial 11g空间数据建模的特点,并结合其能够将空间数据与属性数据一体化存储的特点,基于Oracle Spatial建立北京城市空间要素数据库,对已有的城市研究数据进行统一化管理,提高数据的使用效率。

基于Spatially-Variant数学形态学的二值图像边缘检测

结合二值图像边缘检测的需要,提出一种基于Spatially-Variant数学形态学的图像边缘检测算法。该算法使用了依像素位置而变化的Spatially-Variant(SV)结构元,使其能够依据图像细节而变化,达到自适应的效果并能有效检测图像边缘和保持边缘的平滑性。与传统边缘检测算子进行的对比实验结果表明,该算法有以下明显优点:抗噪声性能好,实时性好,非常容易实现,具有一定的实用性和可行性。

A new beam element for analyzing geometrical and physical nonlinearity

Based on Timoshenko＇s beam theory and Vlasov＇s thin-walled member theory, a new model of spatial thin-walled beam element is developed for analyzing geometrical and physical nonlinearity, which incorporates an interior node and independent interpolations of bending angles and warp and takes diversified factors into consideration, such as traverse shear deformation, torsional shear deformation and their coupling, coupling of flexure and torsion, and the second shear stress. The geometrical nonlinear strain is formulated in updated Lagarange （UL） and the corresponding stiffness matrix is derived. The perfectly plastic model is used to account for physical nonlinearity, and the yield rule of von Mises and incremental relationship of Prandtle-Reuss are adopted. Elastoplastic stiffness matrix is obtained by numerical integration based on the finite segment method, and a finite element program is compiled. Numerical examples manifest that the proposed model is accurate and feasible in the analysis of thin-walled structures.

An Artificial Neural Network-Based Response Surface Method for Reliability Analyses of c-φ Slopes with Spatially Variable Soil

This paper presents an artificial neural network（ANN）-based response surface method that can be used to predict the failure probability of c-φslopes with spatially variable soil.In this method,the Latin hypercube sampling technique is adopted to generate input datasets for establishing an ANN model;the random finite element method is then utilized to calculate the corresponding output datasets considering the spatial variability of soil properties;and finally,an ANN model is trained to construct the response surface of failure probability and obtain an approximate function that incorporates the relevant variables.The results of the illustrated example indicate that the proposed method provides credible and accurate estimations of failure probability.As a result,the obtained approximate function can be used as an alternative to the specific analysis process in c-φslope reliability analyses.

A procedure to predict the precise seismic response of arch dams in time domain using boundary element formulation

In this context,a new boundary element algorithm based on the time-convoluted traction kernels is employed to evaluate the spatially varying earthquake ground motions of the Pacoima dam in the USA subjected to SH,SV and P incident waves.An accurate three-dimensional (3D) model of the dam canyon is implemented into the computer code BEMSA to investigate the seismic response of the dam.The analyses are performed in time domain with a linearly elastic constitutive model for the medium.This modeling procedure has been validated by the results reported in the existing literature.According to the results of this study,the response of the dam to earthquake waves is generally influenced by predominant frequency of the incident motion,surface topography,relative distance of observation points,and type of the incident seismic wave.For the cases considered,the incident SV wave has led to the maximum amplification of incident motions,especially at the left side of the dam.The results indicate that the proposed procedure can be employed for accurate prediction of a dam response during an earthquake.

AUTOCORRELATION OF TRACE ELEMENT CONTENTS IN SOILS OF TIANJIN PLAIN AREA

Contents of 13 trace elements in soils. from 36 locations in Tianjin plain area were determined. Values of Moran's l of the trace element contents in soils of the area were calculated. The spatial autocorrelation, the directional characteristics of autocorrelation,the relationship between autocorrelation and lag of sampling as well as the relationship between autocorrelation in different directions and lag of sampling were investigated. Under the sampling density of 300 km2 per sample, significant positive autocorrelation was detected for most trace elements studied. The most significant autocorrelation was found in horizon A Where the original distribution patterns of the elements have been modified remarkably by natural forces and human activities. The spatial structures of Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, and As contents in suffoce soil were forther altered by pollution and agricultural practice.

Spatial Interpolation of Tidal Data Using a Multiple-Order Harmonic Equation for Unstructured Grids

A general spatial interpolation method for tidal properties has been developed by solving a partial differential equation with a combination of different orders of harmonic operators using a mixed finite element method. Numerically, the equation is solved implicitly without iteration on an unstructured triangular mesh grid. The paper demonstrates the performance of the method for tidal property fields with different characteristics, boundary complexity, number of input data points, and data point distribution. The method has been successfully applied under several different tidal environments, including an idealized distribution in a square basin, coamplitude and cophase lines in the Taylor semi-infiite rotating channel, and tide coamplitude and cophase lines in the Bohai Sea and Chesapeake Bay. Compared to Laplace’s equation that NOAA/NOS currently uses for interpolation in hydrographic and oceanographic applications, the multiple-order harmonic equation method eliminates the problem of singularities at data points, and produces interpolation results with better accuracy and precision.

要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响机理与空间分异研究

城乡要素双向自由流动有利于提高要素配置效率和优化城乡关系,促进城乡融合发展。现有关于要素流动对城乡融合发展的研究主要围绕传统生产要素对城乡融合发展的研究展开讨论,鲜有文献将数据这一新型生产要素纳入城乡要素流动范围并探索其对城乡融合发展的影响机理。基于2010—2021年中国31个省份的面板数据,在测算要素流动、城乡融合发展水平的基础上,构建双向固定效应模型、地理加权回归模型和中介效应模型实证检验要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:第一,全国要素流动总指数呈现出小幅度增长的态势,位于均值之上的地区中64%是城乡融合发展试验区,说明城乡融合发展政策实施具有重要的引导作用;第二,要素流动显著促进城乡融合发展,这一结论在引入城乡之间距离作为工具变量进行内生性检验、采用删除4个直辖市和缩短时间窗口的方法进行稳健性检验之后仍然成立;第三,空间异质性分析中,劳动力、土地和数据要素始终表现出促进城乡融合发展的作用,随着时间的推移,土地要素对不同地区城乡融合发展影响程度逐渐增强、影响范围逐步扩大,技术要素对城乡融合发展的促进逐渐凸现,由华东和华南地区向东北和西南地区转移;第四,在要素流动影响城乡融合发展的过程中,电商销售是要素流动影响城乡融合发展的重要途径,农业机械化和产业结构变迁并未发挥出中介变量的作用,不同于已有的研究结果。因此,今后持续深化城乡融合发展的内涵与外延、拓展深度与广度;始终以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,运用科学的世界观和方法论,坚持整体推进与试点示范相统一的指导原则,推广实践中形成的典型经验。研究结论为城乡要素双向合理流动的机制建立、城乡融合发展体制机制的健全提供了理论和经验上的参考。

Multivariate Analyses of Potentially Toxic Elements along an Industrialized Urban River in Northern Taiwan

The Ker-Ya River flows through the high-tech industrial park and urban residential areas of Hsin-Chu in northern Taiwan. Major and trace element concentrations of waste effluents, river water, and sediment samples collected during 2017 along the Ker-Ya River were analyzed to elucidate the distribution pattern of potential pollutants. Principal component analyses were applied, and four major contaminant associations were recognized: 1) Ce, Co, Fe, La, V, and Cr;2) Cu and Ni associated with Hg, Ni, P, Ga, W, In, and Ti;3) B, Li, Ba, Ca, and Ag;and 4) Sn with Zn, In, and Cd. All associations are considered to be mainly anthropogenic. Although the element associations recognized from the water samples are not exactly the same as those from the sediment samples but nevertheless, they are similar, suggesting that the short-term and long-term distribution patterns are consistent. The A association accounts for the most variance in the data and exhibits the widest distribution, suggesting the existence of contaminant sources in the upper and lower reaches, respectively. The sediments near the outlet of the city sewage plant also contain association A elements, signaling incomplete processing of the diverged waters sent to the plant at the river mouth. The B association (mainly Cu and Ni) appeared mainly in the upper and middle reaches, indicative of sources from industries in the upper reaches and the tributary Nan-Men Creek. The C association (B, Ba, Ca, and Li) was limited to the center part of the river, probably attributable to a nearby paper mill. The D association (primarily Sn, In, and Zn) was present in the top point of the middle reaches, suggesting the presence of other contaminant sources in the upper reaches. Although a total of four concomitant associations were recognized, none of the elements exceeded the drinking water standard, suggesting that there was no severe pollution present.

ORACLE8i Spatial空间数据仓库空间数据特性简析

主要介绍了 ORACLE 8i Spatial空间数据仓库的基本组成和空间数据的概念 ,阐述了空间数据模型中的几何类型和特性 ,从而保证了几何描述和 ORACL E数据库的库表结构的一致性和描述的完整性。

川渝自贸试验区协同开放空间策略研究

川渝自贸试验区协同开放示范区是成渝地区双城经济圈和西部陆海新通道建设的重要支撑平台。从空间角度研究川渝自贸区协同开放的问题并提出规划策略,是优化配置成渝地区双城经济圈空间资源要素的重要手段。梳理相关政策,明确协同开放的空间内涵及空间要素,从平台要素、通道要素、产业要素入手,分析川渝自贸试验区空间发展现状,总结川渝自贸试验区空间要素存在的问题。以重庆自贸区为例,从优化区域协同布局、促进互联互通共享、增存联动差异引导、创新规划管控方法等方面提出协同开放的空间规划策略。

Humanized Spatial Layout Design of Cultural Plaza

From the perspective of humanized design concepts, humanized space design and behavioral psychological needs of users were re-interpreted and analyzed, basic elements and design principles of cultural plaza spatial layout were proposed. Particularly, application and role of humanized design in the spatial layout of cultural plaza was analyzed, on the basis of which humanized design objective and orientation for the sustainable development of cultural plaza was defined.

近岸旅游型海岛韧性评价体系构建及空间要素影响机制研究

随着对海岛开发建设活动逐渐增加,我国部分近岸旅游型海岛规划呈现出缺乏科学指导的低效盲目开发局面,严重影响海岛的可持续发展。此外,传统陆地的韧性量化研究在近岸旅游型海岛存在不适用性,海岛空间要素对韧性的影响机制亦尚不明晰。本文通过总结国内外使用的韧性评价指标,结合旅游型海岛空间布局的量化测度研究及其特殊性,从承载力、适应力和恢复力三个韧性侧重维度,构建了适用于近岸旅游型海岛的韧性评价指标体系。通过研究分析明确了影响近岸旅游型海岛韧性的三个关键空间要素,分别为功能混合度、路网连通度和核心组团布局。本文选取12个典型海岛作为实证对象,基于多源数据计算海岛韧性水平,探究三个关键空间要素对韧性的影响机制。结果表明:(1)中等功能混合度、高路网连通度、海岛核心组团布局位于海岛几何中心三种空间布局状况下海岛韧性最高。(2)功能混合度的变化主要影响适应力和承载力两个维度,且对适应力的影响程度更强;路网连通度的变化主要影响恢复力、承载力和适应力三个维度,且对恢复力的影响程度更强;核心组团布局的变化主要影响承载力和恢复力两个维度,且对承载力的影响更强。

多维视角下乡村社区空间减碳策略综述

乡村是我国实现双碳目标的重要场域,但其社区层面的空间低碳策略在理论探索与实践验证方面尚存在诸多不足。为进一步明确乡村社区空间减碳路径,有必要厘清相关领域研究现状进展,识别未来研究方向。本文针对乡村社区空间减碳领域进行政策梳理和文献综述,从规划、景观、建筑的多维视角梳理了研究进展并识别当前研究不足。研究综述的结果突出了强化多维视角、完善数据框架、量化生态价值、深化数字赋能及注重文脉保护等未来极具潜力的研究方向。研究成果有助于在双碳目标的扎实推进中挖掘更多的乡村力量,为乡村社区低碳转型提供参考。

一种基准关联的空间尺寸远心视觉测量方法

针对具有横截面外伸尖端特征的长轴工件,本文研究了一种基准关联的空间尺寸远心视觉测量方法。该方法首先利用远心成像实现较长尺度工件的局部待测要素的图像特征提取和位置测量,而后建立局部待测要素与相机成像视场以外的轴线基准要素的测量传递链,将局部要素经计算转化成全局径向尺寸,从而实现超过成像视场尺度的快速精密测量。构建了测量实验环境,对方法的有效性进行了验证,对误差进行了溯源和分析并给出了进一步提升精度的建议。本方法能够在远心平行投影条件下实现对立体工件的空间几何量测量,特别适用于对速度和精度均要求较高的在位测量应用场合。