Portal vein pulsatility index is a more important indicator than congestion index in the clinical evaluation of right heart function

AIM： To study the changes of portal blood flow in congestive heart failure. METHODS： We studied the congestion index （CI） and portal vein pulsatility index （PI） in patients with varied degrees of congestive heart failure using ultrasonic Doppler. Ten patients with mean right atrial pressure （RA） 〈10 mmHg were classified as group 1 and the remaining 10 patients with RA〉 10 mmHg as group 2. RESULTS： There were no difference on cardiac index （HI, P= 0.28）, aortic pressure （AO, P= 0.78）, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure （LVED, P=0.06）, maximum portal blood velocity （Vmax, P= 0.17）, mean portal blood velocity （Vmean, P=0.15） and portal blood flow volume （PBF, P= 0.95） between the two groups. Group 2 patients had higher pulmonary wedge pressure （PW, 29.9 ± 9.3 mmHg vs 14.6±7.3 mmHg, P=0.002）, pulmonary arterial pressure （PA, 46.3± 13.2 mmHg vs 25.0±8.2 mmHg, P=0.004）, RA （17.5±5.7 mmHg vs 4.7±2.4 mmHg, P〈 0.001）, right ventricular end-diastolic pressure （RVED, 18.3±5.6 mmHg vs 6.4±2.7 mmHg, P〈0.001）, CI （8.7±2.4 vs 5.8± 1.2, P=0.03）, and PI （87.8±32.3% vs 27.0±7.4%, P〈0.001） than Group 1. CI was correlated with PI （P〈0.001）, PW （P〈0.001）, PA （P〈0.001）, RA （P=0.043）, RVED （P=0.005）, HI （P〈0.001）, AO （P〈0.001）, CO （P〈0.001）, LVED （P〈0.001）, Vmax （P〈0.001）, Vmax （P〈0.001）, cross-sectional area of the main portal vein （P〈0.001） and PBF （P〈0.001）. CI could be as high as 8.3 in patients with RA〈 10 mmHg and as low as 5.9 in those with RA≥10 mmHg.CONCLUSION： Our data show that RI is a more significant indicator than CI in the clinical evaluation of high RA≥ 10 mmHg, whereas CI is better than PI in the assessment of left heart function.

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Drought in the North-Eastern Coastal Region of Vietnam Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)

Spatio-temporal analysis of drought provides valuable information for drought management and damage mitigation. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Index at the time scale of 6 months (SPI-6) is selected to reflect drought conditions in the North-Eastern coastal region of Vietnam. The drought events and their characteristics from 1981 to 2019 are detected at 9 meteorological stations and 10 Chirps rainfall stations. The spatio-temporal variation of drought in the study region is analyzed on the basis of the number, duration, severity, intensity, and peak of the detected drought events at the 19 stations. The results show that from 1981 to 2019 the drought events mainly occurred with 1-season duration and moderate intensity and peak. The number, duration, severity, and peak of the drought events were the greatest in the period 2001-2010 and were the smallest in the period 2011-2019. Among the 19 stations, the drought duration tends to decrease at 11 stations, increase at 7 stations, and has a slight variant at 1 station;the drought severity tends to decrease at 14 stations, increase at 4 stations, and has not a significant trend at 1 station;the drought intensity tends to decrease at 17 stations, increase at 1 station, and has a slight variant at 1 station;and the drought peak tends to decrease at 18 stations and increase at 1 station.

Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Geographical Determinants of Air Quality in Cities at the Prefecture Level and Above in China

In recent years, the large scale and frequency of severe air pollution in China has become an important consideration in the construction of livable cities and the physical and mental health of urban residents. Based on the 2016-year urban air quality index(AQI) data published by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of air quality and its influencing factors in 338 urban units nationwide. The analysis provides an effective scientific basis for formulating national air pollution control measures. Four key results are shown. 1) Generally, air quality in the 338 cities is poor, and the average annual values for urban AQI and air pollution in 2016 were 79.58% and 21.22%, respectively. 2) The air quality index presents seasonal changes, with winter > spring > autumn > summer and a u-shaped trend. 3) The spatial distribution of the urban air quality index shows clear north-south characteristic differences and a spatial agglomeration effect; the high value area of air pollution is mainly concentrated in the North China Plain and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 4) An evaluation of the spatial econometric model shows that differences in urban air quality are due to social, economic, and natural factors.

Relationship Between Serum Leptin Concentration and Lipids & Body Mass Index in Patients With Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

Objectives To investigate the relationship of serum leptin concentration with the lipids and body mass index （BMI） in patients with chronic congestive heart failure（CHF）. Methods The serum concentration of leptin in 39 patients with CHF （14 in cardiac function class Ⅱ , 21 in class Ⅲ, 4 in classⅣ , NYHA） and in 46 patients with cardiac function class Ⅰ （NYHA） were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Results The serum concentration of leptin were 9.018±4.519 μg/l in CHF group （cardiac function class Ⅱ 11.492±5.649 μg/l, class Ⅲ 7.763±3.321 μg/l, class Ⅳ 6.100±2.657 μg/l）; 11.674± 6.911 μg/l in class Ⅰ group. The serum concentrations of leptin were significantly lower in CHF group, as compared with class Ⅰ group （P〈 0.05）. Moreover, the decrease of serum leptin concentration was significantly correlated with the decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, body mass index and left ventricular ejection fraction in CHF group, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The significance of the decrease in serum leptin in CHF patients needs further study.

Identification of Preferable Distributed Generators Locations for Congestion Relief in Multi-Bus Power Network

Installation of Distributed Generator (DG) is a well accepted method to improve power system operation from the point of reducing congestion and improving voltage profiles. For best results, Distributed Generators should be placed at strategic locations to exploit maximum benefits out of them. The (N-1) contingency criterion has been taken into account in this work. Most congested lines of the grids are ranked by congestion Index and considered to study the impact of DG penetration on congestion. The present paper proposes contribution factors of Distributed Generators for the placement of DG to keep the line flow within the capacity of each transmission line of the network. The results obtained from IEEE 30-bus test system indicate that the proposed methods are capable of identifying desirable DG location and its maximum allowable size. The influence of DG on bus voltage profile has also been demonstrated in this paper.

Spatio-Temporal Air Pollutant Characterization for Urban Areas

Urban pollution has now become increasingly recognized as an important determinant of air pollution in developed countries. The effect of urban air pollution in developing countries, on the other hand, has not been adequately addressed in the data Spatio-temporal time series. Thus, this study was intended to characterize the effect of urbanization on air pollution for an urbanized Klang Valley, Malaysia using Spatio-temporal data from 2008 to 2017. The Air Pollution Index (API) data and local pollutant concentration were employed to establish the links between urban air pollution. The analysis will be supported by determining the source of pollutants during the study period using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The study identified that Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Ozone (O3) are the major air pollution that has contributed to degrading air quality in the Klang Valley due to the vehicles, combustion process, and industries.

A new monitoring index for ecological vulnerability and its application in the Yellow River Basin,China from 2000 to 2022

The ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin has become more fragile under the combined action of natural and manmade activities.However,the change mechanisms of ecological vulnerability in different sub-regions and periods vary,and the reasons for this variability are yet to be explained.Thus,in this study,we proposed a new remote sensing ecological vulnerability index by considering moisture,heat,greenness,dryness,land degradation,and social economy indicators and then analyzed and disclosed the spatial and temporal change patterns of ecological vulnerability of the Yellow River Basin,China from 2000 to 2022 and its driving mechanisms.The results showed that the newly proposed remote sensing ecological vulnerability index had a high accuracy,at 86.36%,which indicated a higher applicability in the Yellow River Basin.From 2000 to 2022,the average remote sensing ecological vulnerability index of the Yellow River Basin was 1.03,denoting moderate vulnerability level.The intensive vulnerability area was the most widely distributed,which was mostly located in the northern part of Shaanxi Province and the eastern part of Shanxi Province.From 2000 to 2022,the ecological vulnerability in the Yellow showed an overall stable trend,while that of the central and eastern regions showed an obvious trend of improvement.The gravity center of ecological vulnerability migrated southwest,indicating that the aggravation of ecological vulnerability in the southwestern regions was more severe than in the northeastern regions of the basin.The dominant single factor of changes in ecological vulnerability shifted from normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)to temperature from 2000 to 2022,and the interaction factors shifted from temperature∩NDVI to temperature∩precipitation,which indicated that the global climate change exerted a more significant impact on regional ecosystems.The above results could provide decision support for the ecological protection and restoration of the Yellow River Basin.

Spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of Pseudo Human Settlements in Northeast China based on the Baidu Index

Pseudo Human Settlements(PHS)are a fundamental element in human settlements geography,serving as an innovative frontier in the exploration of human–land relationships.Since entering the information age,PHS have emerged as a new catalyst for people's lives and urban development.Based on the Baidu Index,cold hot spot analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient method were used to evaluate the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the development of the quality of PHS at different levels in the three provinces of Northeast China(TPNC)during 2011–2022 and to characterize the influence of the system and factors.The results indicated that:1)temporally,PHS exhibits significant fluctuations,with an overall pattern of rapid increase followed by a gradual decline;2)spatially,PHS is marked by regional differentiation,with“three-core”dominance and a“cluster-like”distribution;3)systematically,the five major PHS systems generally exhibit an ascending and then a descending trend;4)in terms of influence,the socialization system serves as the core influence of PHS,with WeChat,JD.COM,and others are identified as the core influencing factors of subsystems.The findings of this study can provide scientific guidance for diversifying approaches to human settlements,promoting sustainable urban development,and revitalizing Northeast China.

Spatial/temporal indexing and information visualization genre for environmental digital libraries

Protecting and preserving our environmental systems require the ability to understand the spatio-temporal distri- bution of soils, parent material, topography, and land cover as well as the effects of human activities on ecosystems. Space-time modelling of ecosystems in an environmental digital library is essential for visualizing past, present, and future impacts of changes occurring within such landscapes (e.g., shift in land use practices). In this paper, we describe three novel features, spa- tio-temporal indexing, visualization, and geostatistical genre, for the environmental digital library, Environmental Visualization and Geographic Enterprise System (ENVISAGE), currently in progress at the University of Florida.

Gravity assistance enables liver stiffness measurements to detect liver fibrosis under congestive circumstances

BACKGROUND As survival has been prolonged owing to surgical and medical improvements,liver failure has become a prognostic determinant in patients with congestive heart diseases.Congestive hepatopathy,an abnormal state of the liver as a result of congestion,insidiously proceed toward end-stage liver disease without effective biomarkers evaluating pathological progression.Regular measurements of shear wave elastography cannot qualify liver fibrosis,which is a prognosticator in any type of chronic liver disease,in cases of congestion because congestion makes the liver stiff without fibrosis.We hypothesized that the effects of congestion and fibrosis on liver stiffness can be dissociated by inducing architectural deformation of the liver to expose structural rigidity.To establish a strategy measuring liver stiffness as a reflection of architectural rigidity under congestion.METHODS Two-dimensional shear wave elastography(2dSWE)was measured in the supine(Sp)and left decubitus(Ld)positions in 298 consecutive cases as they were subjected to an ultrasound study for various liver diseases.Regions of interest were placed at twelve sites,and the median and robust coefficient of variation were calculated.Numerical data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post-hoc multiple comparisons.The inferior vena cava(IVC)diameters at different body positions were compared using the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test.The number of cases with cardiothoracic ratios greater than or not greater than 50%was compared using Fisher’s exact test.A correlation of 2dSWE between different body positions was evaluated by calculating Spearman correlation coefficients.RESULTS The IVC diameter was significantly reduced in Ld in subjects with higher 2dSWE values in Ld(LdSWE)than in Sp(SpSWE)(P=0.007,(average±SD)13.9±3.6 vs 13.1±3.4 mm)but not in those with lower LdSWE values(P=0.32,13.3±3.5 vs 13.0±3.5 mm).In 81 subjects,SpSWE was increased or decreased in Ld beyond the magnitude of robust coefficient of variation,which suggests that body postural changes induced an alteration of liver stiffness significantly larger than the technical dispersion.Among these subjects,all 37 with normal SpSWE had a higher LdSWE than SpSWE(Normal-to-Hard,SpSWE-LdSWE(Δ2dSWE):(minimum-maximum)-0.74--0.08 m/sec),whereas in 44 residual subjects with abnormal SpSWE,LdSWE was higher in 27 subjects(Hard-to-Hard,-0.74--0.05 m/sec)and lower in 17 subjects(Hard-to-Soft,0.04-0.52 m/sec)than SpSWE.SpSWE was significantly correlated withΔ2dSWE only in Hard-to-Soft(P<0.0001).Δ2dSWE was larger in each lobe than in the entire liver.When Hard-to-Hard and Hard-to-Soft values were examined for each lobe,fibrosis-4 or platelet counts were significantly higher or lower only for Hard-to-Soft vs Normal-to-Hard cases.CONCLUSION Gravity alters the hepatic architecture during body postural changes,causing outflow blockage in hepatic veins.A rigid liver is resistant to structural deformation.Stiff-liver softening in the Ld position suggests a fibrous liver.

SUBJECT INDEX

1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, growth hormone,acromegaly, 9202551-methyl-4phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-hydropy-ridine, dyskinesia, 920599201TL planar imaging, myocardial disease,9202165-fluorouracil, pharmacokinetics, 9200165-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, congestive heartfailure, 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine,9204785-hydroxytryptamine, epidemic hemorrhagicfever, 9200355-hydroxytryptamine, congestive heart failure,

中国典型城市交通出行特征及未来道路交通演变研究

为建立适合不同城市特点的交通体系,并明确定位汽车在其中承担的作用,文章首先从外部环境和交通工具两大维度出发,建立了表征城市整体交通出行情况的多层级评价体系;并基于一级指标的得分,对选取的9座中国典型城市的交通出行特征进行了聚类分析,确定了城市的不同类型;然后通过多元回归分析,识别了影响城市道路交通的主要因素;最后通过相关因素变化的情景假设,预测了各城市道路交通效率可能的演变情况,并提出了相关政策建议。

数据驱动的学校周边道路拥堵识别

为定量分析多个中小学周边道路拥堵情况,针对性地改善学校周边拥堵状况,对比通学时期与非通学时期的交通拥堵数据.建立学校周边道路拥堵指标,通过拥堵评价函数,分析各道路受周边学校出行影响的程度,识别重点拥堵道路.提出了一种基于地图开放平台获取交通大数据的算法,对南京主城区79所中小学周边道路进行实例分析,给出了各道路受学校出行影响的拥堵值.结果表明:在通学期间交通整体拥堵程度高于非通学时期,通学时期平均拥堵指数为1.973,非通学时期平均拥堵指数为1.664,通学时期比非通学时期平均拥堵指数提高了18.57%.

尿酸介导体重指数与慢性心力衰竭关系的孟德尔随机化分析

目的:采用两样本孟德尔随机化分析探讨体重指数、尿酸与慢性心力衰竭(CHF)之间的因果关系。方法:使用公开的东亚人群全基因组关联研究汇总数据集,以逆方差加权(IVW)法为主要分析方法,同时采用MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数模型、简单模型、加权模型,分析体重指数、尿酸与CHF两两之间的关系。使用MR-Egger回归法检测多效性,使用Cochran Q检验检测异质性,使用留一法进行敏感性分析,绘制漏斗图检测偏倚性,使用MR-PRESSO包剔除离群单核苷酸多态性(SNP)。孟德尔分析后计算中介效应值及中介效应比例,最后分析体重指数、尿酸与CHF两两之间的反向孟德尔随机化研究。结果:两样本孟德尔分析中IVW法显示体重指数(OR=1.685,95%CI:1.417~2.003,P<0.001)、尿酸(OR=1.225,95%CI:1.087~1.380,P<0.001)均与CHF存在因果关系;体重指数(OR=1.204,95%CI:1.139~1.273,P<0.001)与尿酸存在因果关系。尿酸在体重指数与CHF的因果关系中的中介效应比例为7.23%。MR-Egger回归截距的P均>0.05,即筛选出的SNP不存在水平多效性,因果推断方法有效,体重指数-尿酸、体重指数-CHF的孟德尔随机化分析存在异质性(Cochran Q检验P<0.01)。反向孟德尔随机化分析中IVW法显示,CHF与体重指数(OR=0.977,95%CI:0.947~1.008,P>0.05)、CHF与尿酸(OR=1.000,95%CI:0.963~1.038,P>0.05)之间均不存在因果关系,尿酸与体重指数的分析存在基因多效性,故因果推断方法无效。结论:体重指数、尿酸均与CHF存在因果关系且呈正相关,且尿酸在体重指数与CHF的因果关系中为不完全中介因素。

Dynamic Development Characteristics and Driving Factors of High Quality Development Level in China’s Five Major Urban Agglomerations

High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist,modern country,as well as the primary task of building urban agglomerations in China.Based on the five development concepts,this paper used the entropy method to measure the High Quality Development Index(HQDI)of the five major urban agglomerations.The results showed that the HQDI of the five major urban agglomerations shows a fluctuating upward trend.First,using the Dagum Gini coefficient to explore the sources of HQDI development differences in urban agglomerations,we found that the main source of HQDI differences in urban agglomerations was inter-regional differences,while intra-regional differences were not important.Second,kernel density estimation was used to test the dynamic evolution trend of HQDI within urban agglomerations.There was a polarisation phenomenon in the HQDI of urban agglomerations,such as the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.But overall,the degree of imbalance had decreased.Third,using geographic detectors to examine the driving factors of HQDI in urban agglomerations,we found that the main driving forces for improving HQDI in urban agglomerations were economic growth,artificial intelligence technology and fiscal decentralisation.All the interaction factors had greater explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of HQDI,which can be divided into two types:two-factor improvement and non-linear improvement.This study is conducive to improving and enriching the theoretical system for evaluating the high quality development of urban agglomerations,and provides policy references for promoting the high quality development of urban agglomerations.

STGI:a spatio-temporal grid index model for marine big data

Marine big data are characterized by a large amount and complex structures,which bring great challenges to data management and retrieval.Based on the GeoSOT Grid Code and the composite index structure of the MongoDB database,this paper proposes a spatio-temporal grid index model(STGI)for efficient optimized query of marine big data.A spatio-temporal secondary index is created on the spatial code and time code columns to build a composite index in the MongoDB database used for the storage of massive marine data.Multiple comparative experiments demonstrate that the retrieval efficiency adopting the STGI approach is increased by more than two to three times compared with other index models.Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification,the conclusion could be achieved that the STGI model is quite suitable for retrieving large-scale spatial data with low time frequency,such as marine big data.

一种新的机动车排放清单的时间分配方法

为提高网格化机动车排放清单的精度,对时间分配模型进行改进和优化。将反应实际交通运行状况的拥堵延时指数与交通流三参数模型相结合,提出了新的基于拥堵延时指数的时间分配模型,并以济南市为验证区进行分析和验证。结果表明:经该文构建的时间分配模型分配后的污染物排放量的月、日、时的变化趋势与监测数据的变化趋势一致;基于新模型分配后的网格化NO2排放清单,采用空气质量模型(CMAQ)模拟的效果得到了显著提升,归一化平均偏差、归一化平均误差分别减少约21.6%和23.7%。该文提出的时间分配模型反应实际的交通流状况,弥补了抽样调查数据的不足,且符合交通流三参数模型,对机动车排放的精准管控、污染治理等都具有重要的参考意义。

考虑拥堵指数的共享单车出行分布预测模型

准确的共享单车出行分布预测对城市非机动车交通规划和单车运营调度至关重要。本文从居民的出行目的地决策行为出发,提出考虑POI(兴趣点)的共享单车出行分布单因素预测模型,在此基础上,建立考虑拥堵指数的双因素预测模型及其改进模型。首先,基于深圳市福田区单车骑行OD数据,分析出行分布网络中的聚集现象,并运用社区发现算法将福田区划分为4个交通分区。之后,探究POI、拥堵指数和出行距离对单车出行的影响发现,POI数量与共享单车出行量呈线性正相关关系;同时,拥堵指数与单车出行量表现出显著的正相关关系,特别是在出行量较大的区域,每当拥堵指数增加0.1,单车出行比例会增加6%~7%;出行距离显示出长尾对数分布特征。预测结果显示,在休息日期间,本文所建立的双因素改进模型在4个交通分区内的准确率分别达到了81.2%、79.5%、80.1%和78.9%;在工作日期间,准确率分别为78.7%、76.3%、80.8%和75.5%。相较于辐射模型,预测准确率最高提升了51.1%。

老年慢性心力衰竭患者医院-家庭过渡期用药偏差现状及其影响因素

目的 分析老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者医院-家庭过渡期用药偏差的发生现状及其影响因素。方法 选取178例老年慢性心力衰竭患者为研究对象。收集患者的一般资料,分析患者的8项版的Morisky服药依从性量表(MMAS-8)、合理用药自我效能量表(SEAMS)及家庭关怀度指数(APGAR)问卷。出院后1周,记录患者用药偏差发生情况。分析老年CHF患者发生用药偏差的影响因素。结果 50例患者(28.09%)在出院后1周内至少发生了1项用药偏差。178例患者共发生108例次用药偏差。用药偏差发生的类型以患者源性原因为主。年龄、出院医嘱药物数量、服药依从性、家庭关怀指数是用药偏差发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年CHF患者医院-家庭过渡期用药偏差发生情况不容乐观,医护人员应加强对高龄、出院医嘱药物数量多、服药依从性差、家庭功能差患者的关注,并及时采取针对性措施,以保障用药安全。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与慢性充血性心力衰竭患者远期预后的相关性研究

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)与慢性充血性心力衰竭患者远期预后的相关性。方法:本研究纳入143例慢性充血性心力衰竭患者,根据是否患有OSA分为OSA组(66例)和非OSA组(77例),随访3年。主要终点为主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE),次要终点为全因死亡、心血管死亡和心力衰竭再住院。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线、Cox比例风险模型、限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline,RCS)曲线及亚组分析评估OSA与预后的关系。结果:OSA组患者MACE发生率为30.3%,非OSA组为15.6%;OSA组患者心力衰竭再住院发生率为28.8%,非OSA组为14.3%。多元Cox回归分析表明,OSA是MACE(HR=2.64,95%CI:1.11~6.31,P=0.028)和心力衰竭再住院(HR=2.58, 95%CI:1.01~6.61,P=0.048)的独立危险因素。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示OSA组MACE和心力衰竭再住院的发生率均显著高于非OSA组(Log-rank P <0.05)。RCS曲线表明睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)与MACE风险呈正相关(非线性P=0.257)。亚组分析未发现显著交互作用(P>0.05)。结论:OSA是慢性充血性心力衰竭患者发生MACE和心力衰竭再住院的独立危险因素,且AHI与MACE风险呈正相关。