Spearmint oil(SMO), a commonly used essential oil for oral care products, possesses various interesting functions, especially for anticancer property. However, the application of SMO for cancer treatment is limited du...Spearmint oil(SMO), a commonly used essential oil for oral care products, possesses various interesting functions, especially for anticancer property. However, the application of SMO for cancer treatment is limited due to water insoluble. In the present study, nanoemulsions, which have been widely accepted as dosage forms for poorly water-soluble drugs, were selected as candidate carriers for SMO to inhibit oral cancer cell. The nanoemulsions were fabricated using phase inversion temperature method. The factors affecting formation and properties of nanoemulsions including type and amount of surfactants, oil loading and ratio of SMO to virgin coconut oil(VCO) were investigated. Among the surfactants used, the nanoemulsions containing polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives(Kolliphor ?EL; PCO35, Cremophor ?RH40; PCO40, Eumulgin ?CO60; PCO60) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters(PSF80) showed 100% creaming after temperature cycling test indicating excellent physical stability while those containing PCO40 demonstrated more transparency and better physical stability. With an increasing amount of PCO40, the droplet size tended to decrease and was in the nano-size range( < 1000 nm) after increasing to more than 5%(w/w). SMOVCO loading also influenced on the droplet size. At 5%(w/w) PCO40, the maximum SMO-VCO loading of 25%(w/w) to attain nanoemulsions was observed. Moreover, the composition of oils had an impact on size of emulsions. The transparent nanoemulsions were only prepared in the range of SMO-VCO from 40:60 to 80:20, suggesting the optimum ratio of SMO tosurfactant and the composition of oils were the critical factors for formation of nanoemulsions. NMR study disclosed that the interaction between PCO40 with both VCO and SMO should be a possible stabilization mechanism. Furthermore, the SMO-VCO nanoemulsions exhibited significant cytotoxic effect against oral carcinoma(KON) cell line using MTT assay. The finding, therefore, revealed the good feasibility of SMO-VCO nanoemulsions as novel carriers for treating of oral cancer.展开更多
Dental caries is one of the major oral health problems in most countries,affecting more than 50%of school children and majority of adults.Normally,we can prevent the disease by utilization of suitable antiseptics,e.g....Dental caries is one of the major oral health problems in most countries,affecting more than 50%of school children and majority of adults.Normally,we can prevent the disease by utilization of suitable antiseptics,e.g.alcohols and chlorhexidine[1].However,most antiseptics cause irritation or straining of the mucous membrane and teeth.Therefore,finding a more safe and efficient antiseptics is still a matter of interest to eradicate the causative pathogen.Volatile oils from plants including spearmint oil(SMO)could reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans counts in plaques and saliva.展开更多
Lodging occurs when the crop canopy is too heavy for the strength of the stem and it fallsover onto the ground. This decreases crop yield and quality, and it makes harvest difficult.A research experiment was set up in...Lodging occurs when the crop canopy is too heavy for the strength of the stem and it fallsover onto the ground. This decreases crop yield and quality, and it makes harvest difficult.A research experiment was set up in a spearmint field on a center pivot with mid elevationspray application (MESA) overhead sprinklers, where the water was applied from a “midelevation” of 2 m above the ground level (AGL), and low elevation precision application(LEPA) sprinklers, where the water was emitted directly onto the soil surface through draghoses without wetting the crop canopy. Every-other span of this full-size center pivot wasconfigured with MESA and LEPA sprinklers alternatively. In 2018, imagery was collectedwith an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from a cross section of this field. In 2019, a crosssection was again collected, but in addition UAV imagery was collected from marked lodgedand un-lodged areas of the field to validate the lodging detection method. These UAV-basedimagery data were captured with a ground sample distance (GSD) of 0.03 m. This researchintroduces using the texture feature, which is based on image entropy, was used to evaluate the degree of lodging. The results from 2018 showed that the average entropy of thegrayscale image from LEPA (5.5 (mean) ± 0.27 (standard deviation)) was significantly(P < 0.0001) greater than the average entropy (5.0 ± 0.25) of MESA. Also, the entropy valueextracted from the images in 2019 from the marked un-lodged locations were significantlyhigher compared to that of the lodged areas. Overall, the LEPA irrigation treatment was significantly less lodged compared to MESA. Moreover, the entropy value, or texture feature, isa viable method for estimating lodging using low altitude RGB imagery.展开更多
基金the financial support received from Silpakorn University Research and Development Institutesupported by Faculty of Pharmacy,Sil-pakorn University
文摘Spearmint oil(SMO), a commonly used essential oil for oral care products, possesses various interesting functions, especially for anticancer property. However, the application of SMO for cancer treatment is limited due to water insoluble. In the present study, nanoemulsions, which have been widely accepted as dosage forms for poorly water-soluble drugs, were selected as candidate carriers for SMO to inhibit oral cancer cell. The nanoemulsions were fabricated using phase inversion temperature method. The factors affecting formation and properties of nanoemulsions including type and amount of surfactants, oil loading and ratio of SMO to virgin coconut oil(VCO) were investigated. Among the surfactants used, the nanoemulsions containing polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives(Kolliphor ?EL; PCO35, Cremophor ?RH40; PCO40, Eumulgin ?CO60; PCO60) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters(PSF80) showed 100% creaming after temperature cycling test indicating excellent physical stability while those containing PCO40 demonstrated more transparency and better physical stability. With an increasing amount of PCO40, the droplet size tended to decrease and was in the nano-size range( < 1000 nm) after increasing to more than 5%(w/w). SMOVCO loading also influenced on the droplet size. At 5%(w/w) PCO40, the maximum SMO-VCO loading of 25%(w/w) to attain nanoemulsions was observed. Moreover, the composition of oils had an impact on size of emulsions. The transparent nanoemulsions were only prepared in the range of SMO-VCO from 40:60 to 80:20, suggesting the optimum ratio of SMO tosurfactant and the composition of oils were the critical factors for formation of nanoemulsions. NMR study disclosed that the interaction between PCO40 with both VCO and SMO should be a possible stabilization mechanism. Furthermore, the SMO-VCO nanoemulsions exhibited significant cytotoxic effect against oral carcinoma(KON) cell line using MTT assay. The finding, therefore, revealed the good feasibility of SMO-VCO nanoemulsions as novel carriers for treating of oral cancer.
文摘Dental caries is one of the major oral health problems in most countries,affecting more than 50%of school children and majority of adults.Normally,we can prevent the disease by utilization of suitable antiseptics,e.g.alcohols and chlorhexidine[1].However,most antiseptics cause irritation or straining of the mucous membrane and teeth.Therefore,finding a more safe and efficient antiseptics is still a matter of interest to eradicate the causative pathogen.Volatile oils from plants including spearmint oil(SMO)could reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans counts in plaques and saliva.
文摘Lodging occurs when the crop canopy is too heavy for the strength of the stem and it fallsover onto the ground. This decreases crop yield and quality, and it makes harvest difficult.A research experiment was set up in a spearmint field on a center pivot with mid elevationspray application (MESA) overhead sprinklers, where the water was applied from a “midelevation” of 2 m above the ground level (AGL), and low elevation precision application(LEPA) sprinklers, where the water was emitted directly onto the soil surface through draghoses without wetting the crop canopy. Every-other span of this full-size center pivot wasconfigured with MESA and LEPA sprinklers alternatively. In 2018, imagery was collectedwith an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) from a cross section of this field. In 2019, a crosssection was again collected, but in addition UAV imagery was collected from marked lodgedand un-lodged areas of the field to validate the lodging detection method. These UAV-basedimagery data were captured with a ground sample distance (GSD) of 0.03 m. This researchintroduces using the texture feature, which is based on image entropy, was used to evaluate the degree of lodging. The results from 2018 showed that the average entropy of thegrayscale image from LEPA (5.5 (mean) ± 0.27 (standard deviation)) was significantly(P < 0.0001) greater than the average entropy (5.0 ± 0.25) of MESA. Also, the entropy valueextracted from the images in 2019 from the marked un-lodged locations were significantlyhigher compared to that of the lodged areas. Overall, the LEPA irrigation treatment was significantly less lodged compared to MESA. Moreover, the entropy value, or texture feature, isa viable method for estimating lodging using low altitude RGB imagery.
