Adequate bowel preparation is important for successful colonoscopic examination. Several effective colonic cleansing agents are available and routinely prescribed, but each carries its own limitations and benefits fro...Adequate bowel preparation is important for successful colonoscopic examination. Several effective colonic cleansing agents are available and routinely prescribed, but each carries its own limitations and benefits from particular dosing regimens. The most frequently prescribed colonic cleansing agent, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) cathartic solution, suffers from low patient compliance in general, due to its unpalatable taste and smell coupled with the large ingested volumes required. However, PEG is preferred over other cathartics for use in individuals of advanced age, sufferers of chronic kidney disease, heart failure and inflammatory bowel disease, and women who are pregnant or lactating. The laxative agents sodium phosphate (NaP) and sodium picosulfate plus magnesium citrate have been applied and have improved patient compliance and tolerance. NaP, however, should be avoided in individuals with impaired renal function or plasma clearance, such as those with chronic kidney disease, who are taking drugs that affect renal function, or who suffer from heart failure. Other special conditions that may affect an individual’s tolerance of the cathartic agent or ability to complete the administration routine include stroke, severe constipation, hematochezia, suspicious lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and mental disorders such as dementia. All ingestible bowel preparation solutions can be instilled into the stomach and duodenum through nasogastric tube or esophagogastroduodenoscope with the aid of a water irrigation pump for patients with difficulties swallowing or ingesting the large volumes of fluid required. In addition, dietary regimens based on clear liquids and low-residue foods for 1-4 d prior to the colonoscopy may be supplemental bowel preparation strategies. Achieving an effective and safe cleansing of the bowel is important for successful colonoscopy in all patients, so full knowledge of the individual’s condition and capabilities is necessary to select the most appropriate colonic cleansing agent and delivery regimen.展开更多
To meet the requirements of pipeline consumers abroad,in this study,an automatic gas metal arc welding type of girth welding was performed with a heat input of no more than 0.25 kJ/mm and high-strength solid-wire matc...To meet the requirements of pipeline consumers abroad,in this study,an automatic gas metal arc welding type of girth welding was performed with a heat input of no more than 0.25 kJ/mm and high-strength solid-wire matching for an X70M large-diameter UOE pipeline.An integral evaluation of the X70M pipeline girth weldability was performed with respect to the girth-weld cold-cracking sensitivity during the welding process and the strengthening,hardening,and embrittlement of the girth weld joint after girth welding in especially rigorous welding conditions with accelerated failure characteristics.The performance of the above girth weld joint with joints welded using the main construction-field girth welding procedure was compared to ensure the good girth weldability of the X70M pipeline.The results of this study have important supervisory significance for field-construction girth welding.Finally,the girth weldability of the X70M pipeline was found to satisfy the field construction requirements even when the welding conditions are especially rigorous.展开更多
Coal roadway support is the foundation and strong guarantee of safe coal production. With the FLAC3D numerical simulation, the roadway fulllength anchor support mechanism was studied, and the full-length anchor forcet...Coal roadway support is the foundation and strong guarantee of safe coal production. With the FLAC3D numerical simulation, the roadway fulllength anchor support mechanism was studied, and the full-length anchor forcetransferring mechanism and stressfield distribution formed by roadway surrounding rocks were analyzed, which will provide a scientific basis for a support technology in large-section roadways under complicated geological conditions and lay a foundation for the popularization and application of a full-length anchor support system under special geological conditions.展开更多
According to the special environment conditions and characteristics of high altitude in Northwest China, the study on key technologies of 750-kV transmission and substation projects has gained fruitful results which a...According to the special environment conditions and characteristics of high altitude in Northwest China, the study on key technologies of 750-kV transmission and substation projects has gained fruitful results which are imperative not only to the construction of 750-kV transmission demonstrative project first in China, but also has laid a solid foundation for future UHV transmission constructions.展开更多
文摘Adequate bowel preparation is important for successful colonoscopic examination. Several effective colonic cleansing agents are available and routinely prescribed, but each carries its own limitations and benefits from particular dosing regimens. The most frequently prescribed colonic cleansing agent, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) cathartic solution, suffers from low patient compliance in general, due to its unpalatable taste and smell coupled with the large ingested volumes required. However, PEG is preferred over other cathartics for use in individuals of advanced age, sufferers of chronic kidney disease, heart failure and inflammatory bowel disease, and women who are pregnant or lactating. The laxative agents sodium phosphate (NaP) and sodium picosulfate plus magnesium citrate have been applied and have improved patient compliance and tolerance. NaP, however, should be avoided in individuals with impaired renal function or plasma clearance, such as those with chronic kidney disease, who are taking drugs that affect renal function, or who suffer from heart failure. Other special conditions that may affect an individual’s tolerance of the cathartic agent or ability to complete the administration routine include stroke, severe constipation, hematochezia, suspicious lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and mental disorders such as dementia. All ingestible bowel preparation solutions can be instilled into the stomach and duodenum through nasogastric tube or esophagogastroduodenoscope with the aid of a water irrigation pump for patients with difficulties swallowing or ingesting the large volumes of fluid required. In addition, dietary regimens based on clear liquids and low-residue foods for 1-4 d prior to the colonoscopy may be supplemental bowel preparation strategies. Achieving an effective and safe cleansing of the bowel is important for successful colonoscopy in all patients, so full knowledge of the individual’s condition and capabilities is necessary to select the most appropriate colonic cleansing agent and delivery regimen.
文摘To meet the requirements of pipeline consumers abroad,in this study,an automatic gas metal arc welding type of girth welding was performed with a heat input of no more than 0.25 kJ/mm and high-strength solid-wire matching for an X70M large-diameter UOE pipeline.An integral evaluation of the X70M pipeline girth weldability was performed with respect to the girth-weld cold-cracking sensitivity during the welding process and the strengthening,hardening,and embrittlement of the girth weld joint after girth welding in especially rigorous welding conditions with accelerated failure characteristics.The performance of the above girth weld joint with joints welded using the main construction-field girth welding procedure was compared to ensure the good girth weldability of the X70M pipeline.The results of this study have important supervisory significance for field-construction girth welding.Finally,the girth weldability of the X70M pipeline was found to satisfy the field construction requirements even when the welding conditions are especially rigorous.
基金Supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China （50904024） the State Key Laboratory Research Fund of Coal Resources and Mine Safety of China University of Mining ＆ Technology （10KF02） the Doctoral Fund of Henan Polytechnic University （B2009-66）
文摘Coal roadway support is the foundation and strong guarantee of safe coal production. With the FLAC3D numerical simulation, the roadway fulllength anchor support mechanism was studied, and the full-length anchor forcetransferring mechanism and stressfield distribution formed by roadway surrounding rocks were analyzed, which will provide a scientific basis for a support technology in large-section roadways under complicated geological conditions and lay a foundation for the popularization and application of a full-length anchor support system under special geological conditions.
文摘According to the special environment conditions and characteristics of high altitude in Northwest China, the study on key technologies of 750-kV transmission and substation projects has gained fruitful results which are imperative not only to the construction of 750-kV transmission demonstrative project first in China, but also has laid a solid foundation for future UHV transmission constructions.
