中国农业现代化的重要议题:谁来改造传统农业?——来自农民工回流对农业专业化经营影响的证据

改造传统农业的关键在于提升农民的人力资本。农民工回流作为流出地人力资本的一种补偿形式,能否促进农业经营方式及其现代化转型,是一个值得关注的重要话题。农业专业化是农业现代化的重要表征。利用中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)2016年和2018年两期数据分析农民工回流对农业专业化经营的影响,结果表明:第一,农民工回流显著促进了农户农业专业化经营,且经过多种稳健性检验依然成立。第二,机制分析表明,农民工回流通过提升信息获取能力、风险承担能力,以及借助农地转入和农机采纳等路径实现专业化经营的转变。第三,异质性分析表明,在不同年龄段的回流农民工中,中年群体对专业化经营的作用最为显著;务工时长与专业化经营呈倒U型关系;务工时的工作变换更有助于农业经营专业化。第四,情景分析表明,在家庭互联网接入和村庄合作组织相对完善的情境下,农民工回流将进一步强化农业专业化经营。推动中国农业的现代化转型,应重视回流农民工异质性人力资本的内生性作用。中国庞大的农民工群体,将是推进中国农业现代化的重要支持力量与可动员的社会资源。

国有资本授权经营体制改革:进展与深化

国有资本授权经营体制改革是以“管资本”为主加强国资监管的重要实现形式。国有资本投资公司和国有资本运营公司(以下简称“两类公司”)是国有资本授权经营体制中的重要资本纽带和桥梁。以“两类公司”为综合性国有资本运营平台推动国有资本和国有企业做强做优做大,是构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展的必然要求。笔者以国有资产国家所有权实现的法理及理论逻辑分析为基础,全面梳理党的十八大以来国有资本授权经营体制改革中“两类公司”的试点进展,深入剖析改革进程中存在的“两类公司”简单翻牌、功能混淆,授权放权“两难困境”等问题及其成因,立足新时代新征程国企改革深化提升目标,提出具体建议。

国有资本专业化运营绩效评价指标体系构建

国有资本投资和运营公司与生产型国有企业的职能差异决定了需要重构国有资本专业化运营绩效评价体系。本文基于国有资本专业化运营的目标,分析了开展绩效评价的重点及评价维度,提出选择绩效指标的思路和原则,构建出5个维度、17个指标组成的评价指标体系,并通过三轮专家赋值方法确定了各个指标的权重,形成企业层面、领域层面、整体层面的综合绩效得分,以及国有资本专业化运营绩效评价指数,从微观、中观、宏观三个层面评价国有资本专业化运营绩效。

Building State-owned Assets Supervision System and Conducting Mixed Ownership Reforms to Reinforce Each Other’s Collaboration

Improving the state-owned assets supervision system(SOASS)can effectively get over the defects of systems and mechanisms and further promote the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises(SOEs);and the deepening of the reform can advance the change of the SOASS to the supervision on capital.By analyzing the relationship between the SOASS and the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises,we have found that collaborative promotion of the change of the SOASS to the supervision on capital and promotion of the reform of mixed ownership can do good to ameliorating the corporate management mechanism,improving the market-oriented management mechanism of enterprises and completing the medium-and long-term incentive mechanisms,etc.to enhance business operation efficiency.Due to such prevailing problems as relative dispersion and vagueness of the policies relating to deepening the reform of SOEs,inconsistent progress of the reform of state-owned assets(SOAs)and SOEs,and corporate reform focusing on apprence,improving the SOASS and deepening collaborative development of the reform of mixed ownership of SOEs are hindered by some constraints.To construct and improve the SOASS and the reform of mixed ownership collaboratively,we should make efforts to promote the reform in the following five aspects,namely,placing importance to policy coordination,boosting synchronism of the reform of SOAs and SOEs at different levels and in different areas to coordinate the nationwide reform of SOAs and SOEs,facilitating reform of the mechanism of enterprises of mixed ownership through mixed capital,and promoting the SOASS and stimulating classified monitoring and reform of mixed ownership based on classified reform of SOEs.

分工深化视角下农业迂回生产与农户规模经营意愿分析——基于江西水稻种植户调查

农业分工深化关键在于提高农业迂回生产程度,将规模经济与分工经济相结合进行分析,探寻适度规模经营下分工深化的路径和发展模式,从而推动规模经济向分工经济转化。以分工深化——农业迂回生产为理论突破口,结合分工深化、农业规模经营相关理论,基于江西623份水稻种植户调查数据,通过结构方程模型对农户规模经营意愿、农业分工深化迂回生产之间影响作用机理进行分析。结果表明,物质资本迂回和人力资本迂回显著影响农户规模经营意愿,物质资本和人力资本迂回程度越高,农户规模经营意愿越强,物质资本迂回对农户规模经营意愿的影响相对更强;农业机械服务、化肥农药种子服务、雇工服务等方面生产性服务对农户规模经营呈显著正向影响,劳动用工来源、农户兼业等情况对农户规模经营影响相对较弱。因此,提出进一步提高农业机械化水平,加大雇工经营等生产性服务的投入力度,不断提升农业迂回生产程度,推动农业分工进一步深化,为农业适度规模经营提供条件,不断提高农业生产效率。