The People’s Bank of China(PBOC)recently issued the regulations on QR code payment service(Trial)and two other relevant technical specifications to regulate payments by scanning two-dimensional barcode,which are to t...The People’s Bank of China(PBOC)recently issued the regulations on QR code payment service(Trial)and two other relevant technical specifications to regulate payments by scanning two-dimensional barcode,which are to take effect on April 1,2018.Payment institutions must obtain proper permits to offer barcode-based payment services by then.Payments with QR codes are increasingly common in China for purchases in large or small shops,subway展开更多
Background:A remarkable drop in tuberculosis(TB)incidence has been achieved in China,although in 2019 it was still considered the second most communicable disease.However,TB’s spatial features and risk factors in urb...Background:A remarkable drop in tuberculosis(TB)incidence has been achieved in China,although in 2019 it was still considered the second most communicable disease.However,TB’s spatial features and risk factors in urban areas remain poorly understood.This study aims to identify the spatial diferentiations and potential infuencing factors of TB in highly urbanized regions on a fne scale.Methods:This study included 18 socioeconomic and environmental variables in the four central districts of Guangzhou,China.TB case data obtained from the Guangzhou Institute of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention.Before using Pearson correlation and a geographical detector(GD)to identify potential infuencing factors,we conducted a global spatial autocorrelation analysis to select an appropriate spatial scales.Results:Owing to its strong spatial autocorrelation(Moran’s I=0.33,Z=4.71),the 2 km×2 km grid was selected as the spatial scale.At this level,TB incidence was closely associated with most socioeconomic variables(0.31<r<0.76,P<0.01).Of fve environmental factors,only the concentration of fne particulate matter displayed signifcant correlation(r=0.21,P<0.05).Similarly,in terms of q values derived from the GD,socioeconomic variables had stronger explanatory abilities(0.08<q<0.57)for the spatial diferentiation of the 2017 incidence of TB than environmental variables(0.06<q<0.27).Moreover,a much larger proportion(0.16<q<0.89)of the spatial diferentiation was interpreted by pairwise interactions,especially those(0.60<q<0.89)related to the 2016 incidence of TB,ofcially appointed medical institutions,bus stops,and road density.Conclusions:The spatial heterogeneity of the 2017 incidence of TB in the study area was considerably infuenced by several socioeconomic and environmental factors and their pairwise interactions on a fne scale.We suggest that more attention should be paid to the units with pairwise interacting factors in Guangzhou.Our study provides helpful clues for local authorities implementing more efective intervention measures to reduce TB incidence in China’s municipal areas,which are featured by both a high degree of urbanization and a high incidence of TB.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of mineral spontaneous combustion in an open pit. On the study of coal and mineral mixture in open pit mines, as well as through the specifc surface area and Search Engine...This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of mineral spontaneous combustion in an open pit. On the study of coal and mineral mixture in open pit mines, as well as through the specifc surface area and Search Engine Marketing (SEM) experiments, the specifc surface area and aperture characteristics of distribution of open pit coal sample and pit mineral mixture samples were analyzed. Thermal analysis experiments were used to divide the oxidation process was divided into three stages, and the thermal behavior characteristics of experimental samples were characterized. On the basis of the stage division, we explored the transfer law of the key active functional groups of the experimental samples. The apparent activation energy calculation of the key active groups, performed by combining the Achar diferential method with the Coats–Redfern integral method, microstructural and oxidation kinetic properties were revealed. The resulted showed that the mixed sample had high ash, the fxed carbon content was reduced, the specifc surface area was far lower than the raw coal, the large aperture distribution was slightly higher than the medium hole, the micropore was exceptionally low, the gas adsorption capacity was weaker than the raw coal, the pit coal sample had the exceedingly more active functional groups, easy to react with oxygen, more likely to occur naturally, and its harm was relatively large. The mixed sample contained the highest C–O–C functional group absorbance. The functional groups were mainly infuenced by the self-OH content, alkyl side chain, and fatty hydrocarbon in the sample. The main functional groups of the four-like mixture had the highest apparent activation energy, and the two reactions were higher in the low-temperature oxidation phase.展开更多
文摘The People’s Bank of China(PBOC)recently issued the regulations on QR code payment service(Trial)and two other relevant technical specifications to regulate payments by scanning two-dimensional barcode,which are to take effect on April 1,2018.Payment institutions must obtain proper permits to offer barcode-based payment services by then.Payments with QR codes are increasingly common in China for purchases in large or small shops,subway
文摘Background:A remarkable drop in tuberculosis(TB)incidence has been achieved in China,although in 2019 it was still considered the second most communicable disease.However,TB’s spatial features and risk factors in urban areas remain poorly understood.This study aims to identify the spatial diferentiations and potential infuencing factors of TB in highly urbanized regions on a fne scale.Methods:This study included 18 socioeconomic and environmental variables in the four central districts of Guangzhou,China.TB case data obtained from the Guangzhou Institute of Tuberculosis Control and Prevention.Before using Pearson correlation and a geographical detector(GD)to identify potential infuencing factors,we conducted a global spatial autocorrelation analysis to select an appropriate spatial scales.Results:Owing to its strong spatial autocorrelation(Moran’s I=0.33,Z=4.71),the 2 km×2 km grid was selected as the spatial scale.At this level,TB incidence was closely associated with most socioeconomic variables(0.31<r<0.76,P<0.01).Of fve environmental factors,only the concentration of fne particulate matter displayed signifcant correlation(r=0.21,P<0.05).Similarly,in terms of q values derived from the GD,socioeconomic variables had stronger explanatory abilities(0.08<q<0.57)for the spatial diferentiation of the 2017 incidence of TB than environmental variables(0.06<q<0.27).Moreover,a much larger proportion(0.16<q<0.89)of the spatial diferentiation was interpreted by pairwise interactions,especially those(0.60<q<0.89)related to the 2016 incidence of TB,ofcially appointed medical institutions,bus stops,and road density.Conclusions:The spatial heterogeneity of the 2017 incidence of TB in the study area was considerably infuenced by several socioeconomic and environmental factors and their pairwise interactions on a fne scale.We suggest that more attention should be paid to the units with pairwise interacting factors in Guangzhou.Our study provides helpful clues for local authorities implementing more efective intervention measures to reduce TB incidence in China’s municipal areas,which are featured by both a high degree of urbanization and a high incidence of TB.
基金Financial support for this study was kindly provided by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(5217-4202)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of China Association for Science,and Technology(2021QNRC001).
文摘This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of mineral spontaneous combustion in an open pit. On the study of coal and mineral mixture in open pit mines, as well as through the specifc surface area and Search Engine Marketing (SEM) experiments, the specifc surface area and aperture characteristics of distribution of open pit coal sample and pit mineral mixture samples were analyzed. Thermal analysis experiments were used to divide the oxidation process was divided into three stages, and the thermal behavior characteristics of experimental samples were characterized. On the basis of the stage division, we explored the transfer law of the key active functional groups of the experimental samples. The apparent activation energy calculation of the key active groups, performed by combining the Achar diferential method with the Coats–Redfern integral method, microstructural and oxidation kinetic properties were revealed. The resulted showed that the mixed sample had high ash, the fxed carbon content was reduced, the specifc surface area was far lower than the raw coal, the large aperture distribution was slightly higher than the medium hole, the micropore was exceptionally low, the gas adsorption capacity was weaker than the raw coal, the pit coal sample had the exceedingly more active functional groups, easy to react with oxygen, more likely to occur naturally, and its harm was relatively large. The mixed sample contained the highest C–O–C functional group absorbance. The functional groups were mainly infuenced by the self-OH content, alkyl side chain, and fatty hydrocarbon in the sample. The main functional groups of the four-like mixture had the highest apparent activation energy, and the two reactions were higher in the low-temperature oxidation phase.
