Aim:To assess the efficacy and limitation of free/total prostate-specific antigen ratio(f/tPSA)at a single institution in Japan,focusing on the avoidance of pointless prostate biopsies.Methods:In total,631 men between...Aim:To assess the efficacy and limitation of free/total prostate-specific antigen ratio(f/tPSA)at a single institution in Japan,focusing on the avoidance of pointless prostate biopsies.Methods:In total,631 men between 44 and 93 years old(mean 69.8 years)with elevated PSA underwent power-Doppler ultrasoundgraphy-guided transrectal 10-core prostate biopsies at Niigata Cancer Center Hospital,and their histological features were investigated with total PSA (tPSA)and f/tPSA.Results:PCa was detected in 126 of 134 patients(94.3%)with tPSA of 26 ng/mL or higher.The detection rate was 59.4% for tPSA of 21-25 ng/mL,followed by 39.2% for 16-20 ng/mL,30.0% for 11-15 ng/mL, 20.0% for 4.1-10 ng/mL and 7.6% for≤4.0 ng/mL,f/tPSA of the PCa group was significantly lower than that of non-malignamt disorders in any tPSA ranges(mean 0.122 vs.0.160,P<0.001).Receiver-operating characteristics analyses showed that f/tPSA(AUC:0.664)performed more valuably than tPSA(AUC:0.559)in patients with tPSA between 3.0-10 ng/mL(P<0.01).Although f/tPSA of 0.250 for the cut-off value might miss 1.8% PCa patients,it potentially spares 9.2% of unnecessary biopsies.Conclusion:f/tPSA is more valuable compared with tPSA alone for the prediction of the occurrence of PCa.We recommend 0.250 as the cut-off value for f/tPSA in PCa screening for Asian men having so-called grey-zone tPSA.(Asian J Androl 2006 Jul;8:429-434)展开更多
SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing(RIPP)has developed the diesel engine oil API CJ-4,after having passed the 9 engine tests required by the relevant API specifications to fill China’s gap in the indep...SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing(RIPP)has developed the diesel engine oil API CJ-4,after having passed the 9 engine tests required by the relevant API specifications to fill China’s gap in the independent development of formulations for diesel engine oil CJ-4,which is a successful attempt in breaking the foreign companies’technical monopoly on high-grade diesel engine oils.展开更多
This study aimed to determine variations in tomotherapy beam outputs at multiple institutions. Measurements were obtained at 22 radiotherapy institutions. The first parameter was the absolute dose to water (Dfmsrw, Qm...This study aimed to determine variations in tomotherapy beam outputs at multiple institutions. Measurements were obtained at 22 radiotherapy institutions. The first parameter was the absolute dose to water (Dfmsrw, Qmsr) in the machine-specific reference field (fmsr), which indicated a static field in the tomotherapy reference conditions defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) study group. The second measured parameter was the difference between the measured and the planed doses in the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) verification plans, which were created using a solid phantom by the vendor during tomotherapy apparatus installation to adjust the beam output. The IMRT verification plan error at each institution was defined as the systematic error of the beam output;Dfmsrw, Qmsr was subsequently modified. The Dfmsrw, Qmsr values of four institutions with a modified energy fluence per ideal open time (EFIOT) were lower than the values at other institutions. The mean value of all institutions except those four was 0.994 ± 0.013 Gy (range: 0.974 Gy, 1.017 Gy). When the Dfmsrw, Qmsr value was corrected by the IMRT verification error, this variation decreased. In addition, the mean IMRT verification errors in the TomoDirectTM and TomoHelicalTM modes with the TomoEDGETM mode were 1.2% ± 0.8% (range: -0.6%, 1.8%) and 0.2% ± 0.5% (range: -0.6%, 0.9%), respectively (p展开更多
文摘Aim:To assess the efficacy and limitation of free/total prostate-specific antigen ratio(f/tPSA)at a single institution in Japan,focusing on the avoidance of pointless prostate biopsies.Methods:In total,631 men between 44 and 93 years old(mean 69.8 years)with elevated PSA underwent power-Doppler ultrasoundgraphy-guided transrectal 10-core prostate biopsies at Niigata Cancer Center Hospital,and their histological features were investigated with total PSA (tPSA)and f/tPSA.Results:PCa was detected in 126 of 134 patients(94.3%)with tPSA of 26 ng/mL or higher.The detection rate was 59.4% for tPSA of 21-25 ng/mL,followed by 39.2% for 16-20 ng/mL,30.0% for 11-15 ng/mL, 20.0% for 4.1-10 ng/mL and 7.6% for≤4.0 ng/mL,f/tPSA of the PCa group was significantly lower than that of non-malignamt disorders in any tPSA ranges(mean 0.122 vs.0.160,P<0.001).Receiver-operating characteristics analyses showed that f/tPSA(AUC:0.664)performed more valuably than tPSA(AUC:0.559)in patients with tPSA between 3.0-10 ng/mL(P<0.01).Although f/tPSA of 0.250 for the cut-off value might miss 1.8% PCa patients,it potentially spares 9.2% of unnecessary biopsies.Conclusion:f/tPSA is more valuable compared with tPSA alone for the prediction of the occurrence of PCa.We recommend 0.250 as the cut-off value for f/tPSA in PCa screening for Asian men having so-called grey-zone tPSA.(Asian J Androl 2006 Jul;8:429-434)
文摘SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing(RIPP)has developed the diesel engine oil API CJ-4,after having passed the 9 engine tests required by the relevant API specifications to fill China’s gap in the independent development of formulations for diesel engine oil CJ-4,which is a successful attempt in breaking the foreign companies’technical monopoly on high-grade diesel engine oils.
文摘This study aimed to determine variations in tomotherapy beam outputs at multiple institutions. Measurements were obtained at 22 radiotherapy institutions. The first parameter was the absolute dose to water (Dfmsrw, Qmsr) in the machine-specific reference field (fmsr), which indicated a static field in the tomotherapy reference conditions defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) study group. The second measured parameter was the difference between the measured and the planed doses in the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) verification plans, which were created using a solid phantom by the vendor during tomotherapy apparatus installation to adjust the beam output. The IMRT verification plan error at each institution was defined as the systematic error of the beam output;Dfmsrw, Qmsr was subsequently modified. The Dfmsrw, Qmsr values of four institutions with a modified energy fluence per ideal open time (EFIOT) were lower than the values at other institutions. The mean value of all institutions except those four was 0.994 ± 0.013 Gy (range: 0.974 Gy, 1.017 Gy). When the Dfmsrw, Qmsr value was corrected by the IMRT verification error, this variation decreased. In addition, the mean IMRT verification errors in the TomoDirectTM and TomoHelicalTM modes with the TomoEDGETM mode were 1.2% ± 0.8% (range: -0.6%, 1.8%) and 0.2% ± 0.5% (range: -0.6%, 0.9%), respectively (p
