Key elements determining the intestinal region-specific environment of enteric neurons in type 1 diabetes

Diabetes,as a metabolic disorder,is accompanied with several gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms,like abdominal pain,gastroparesis,diarrhoea or constipation.Serious and complex enteric nervous system damage is confirmed in the background of these diabetic motility complaints.The anatomical length of the GI tract,as well as genetic,developmental,structural and functional differences between its segments contribute to the distinct,intestinal region-specific effects of hyperglycemia.These observations support and highlight the importance of a regional approach in diabetes-related enteric neuropathy.Intestinal large and microvessels are essential for the blood supply of enteric ganglia.Bidirectional morpho-functional linkage exists between enteric neurons and enteroglia,however,there is also a reciprocal communication between enteric neurons and immune cells on which intestinal microbial composition has crucial influence.From this point of view,it is more appropriate to say that enteric neurons partake in multidirectional communication and interact with these key players of the intestinal wall.These interplays may differ from segment to segment,thus,the microenvironment of enteric neurons could be considered strictly regional.The goal of this review is to summarize the main tissue components and molecular factors,such as enteric glia cells,interstitial cells of Cajal,gut vasculature,intestinal epithelium,gut microbiota,immune cells,enteroendocrine cells,prooxidants,antioxidant molecules and extracellular matrix,which create and determine a gut region-dependent neuronal environment in diabetes.

Application of jet main region specification model in CFD simulation for room air movement analysis

This paper analyzes the applications of four air terminal device（ATD）models（i.e.,the basic model,the box model,the N-point momentum model,the jet main region specification model）in computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation and their performance in case study.A full-scale experiment is performed in an environment chamber,and the measured air velocity and temperature fields are compared with the simulation results by using four ATD models.The velocity and temperature fields are measured by an omni-directional thermo-anemometer system.It demonstrates that the basic model and the box model are not applicable to complicated air terminal devices.At the occupant area,the relative errors between simulated and measured air velocities are less than 20% based on the N-point momentum model and the jet main region specification model.Around the ATD zone,the relative error between the numerical and measured air velocity based on the jet main region specification model is less than 15%.The jet main region specification model is proved to be an applicable approach and a more accurate way to study the airflow pattern around the ATD with complicated geometry.

Study on Model Establishment of Regionalization Management of Specific Equine Disease-free Zone

[Objective]The model of regionalization management of specific equine disease-free zone were analysed and discussed. [Methods]International animal epidemics regionalization management experience and specific equine disease-free zone establishment were analysed and discussed based on the State and OIE principles. [Results]The regionalization management of specific equine disease-free zone with county administrative regions level of international recognition was established first in China,combined with the region＇s geographical barrier and animal health. [Conclusion]The aim is to to provide experience and reference for other areas to establish specific disease-free zone.

Modified Multivariate Process Capability Index Using Principal Component Analysis

The existing research of process capability indices of multiple quality characteristics mainly focuses on nonconforming of process output, the concept development of tmivariate process capability indices, quality loss function and various comprehensive evaluation methods. The multivariate complexity increases the computation difficulty of multivariate process capability indices（MPCI）, which makes them hard to be used in practice. In this paper, a new PCA-based MPCI approach is proposed to assess the production capability of the processes that involve multiple product quality characteristics. This approach first transforms the original quality variables into standardized normal variables. MPCI measures are then provided based on the Taam index. Moreover, the statistical properties of these MPCIs, such as confidence intervals and lower confidence bound, are given to let the practitioners understand the capability indices as random variables instead of deterministic variables. A real manufacturing data set and a synthetic data set are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. An implementation procedure is also provided for quality engineers to apply our MPCI approach in their manufacturing processes. The case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of this new kind of MPCI, which is easier to be used in production practice. The proposed research provides a novel approach of MPCI calculation.