The excited degree of spectator in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is investig-ated.The heat of friction due to the relative motion beween the participant and the spectatorand the superfluous surface energy du...The excited degree of spectator in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is investig-ated.The heat of friction due to the relative motion beween the participant and the spectatorand the superfluous surface energy due to the spectator deformation are calculated.展开更多
We improve and generalize the non-minimal curvaton model originally proposed in arXiv:2112.12680 to a model in which a spectator field non-minimally couples to an inflaton field and the power spectrum of the perturbat...We improve and generalize the non-minimal curvaton model originally proposed in arXiv:2112.12680 to a model in which a spectator field non-minimally couples to an inflaton field and the power spectrum of the perturbation of spectator field at small scales is dramatically enhanced by the sharp feature in the form of non-minimal coupling.At or after the end of inflation,the perturbation of the spectator field is converted into curvature perturbation and leads to the formation of primordial black holes(PBHs).Furthermore,for example,we consider three phenomenological models for generating PBHs with mass function peaked at~10^(-12) M_(⊙)and representing all the cold dark matter in our universe and find that the scalar induced gravitational waves generated by the curvature perturbation can be detected by the future space-borne gravitational-wave detectors such as Taiji,Tian Qin,and LISA.展开更多
The multiplicity distribution of projectile protons and multiplicity correlations between black particles, grey particles, shower particles, compound particles, heavily ionized track particles, projectile helium fragm...The multiplicity distribution of projectile protons and multiplicity correlations between black particles, grey particles, shower particles, compound particles, heavily ionized track particles, projectile helium fragments and projectile spectator protons in 84Kr-emulsion collisions at 1.7 A GeV are investigated. It is found that the projectile spectator proton multiplicity distribution becomes broader with increasing target mass. The average multiplicity of shower particles and compound particles strongly depends on the number of projectile spectator protons, but the average multiplicity of black particles, grey particles and heavily ionized track particles weakly depends on the number of projectile spectator protons. The average multiplicity of projectile helium fragments increases linearly with increasing numbers of projectile spectator protons. Finally, the multiplicity distribution of projectile spectator protons obeys a KNO type of scaling law.展开更多
Can a reader,upon reading literary fictions,be moved into social actions or engage in socially meaningful activities?If it is so,then will reading gay-themed,popular fictions mean anything for the LGBTQ issue in conte...Can a reader,upon reading literary fictions,be moved into social actions or engage in socially meaningful activities?If it is so,then will reading gay-themed,popular fictions mean anything for the LGBTQ issue in contemporary China?This article argues that a reader of gay-themed,“Boys Love”(or“BL”for short)novels may be moved into taking some social actions for greater tolerance and acceptance of the LGBTQ community in contemporary China,based on the concept of“engaged spectator”,which is a reconstruct of Adam Smith’s moral-psychological model of“impartial spectator”into an actively reading,socially engaged agent taking affirmative actions to bring about greater social justice.This“engaged spectator”shall have a few steps in its active reading of fictions and engaging in transformative social actions,namely“subjective identification”,“ambience appreciation”,and finally,“social engagement”-the three of which are in a lexical order.This tri-step model is based on a neuropsychological reading of Adam Smith into the reader empathy theory.Furthermore,this model is illustrated with Kirin,a popular BL novel,where the reader may engage in social actions to create a more tolerant environment for the LGBTQ community in contemporary China.The three steps outlined above shall offer us an account of explaining how an active reading experience may lead to a socially transformative result.展开更多
Pan Xi(潘曦),now an artist based in Shanghai,has dedicated almost all of her works to women—women who are alone,delicate,and meditatively submerged in their own world,something evident in the title of her recent seri...Pan Xi(潘曦),now an artist based in Shanghai,has dedicated almost all of her works to women—women who are alone,delicate,and meditatively submerged in their own world,something evident in the title of her recent series'My Secret Garden'.However,Pan considers her works essentially asexual.'I’m not even specifically depicting women;men or women,whatever superficial展开更多
We investigate the dissociation dynamics of core-excited O_(2)molecules using a high-resolution energy-resolved electron-ion coincidence experimental setup.The excited cationic states with two valence holes and one Ry...We investigate the dissociation dynamics of core-excited O_(2)molecules using a high-resolution energy-resolved electron-ion coincidence experimental setup.The excited cationic states with two valence holes and one Rydberg electron are created after spectator Auger decay induced by O 1s→(^(4)Σ_(u)^(-))3sσcore excitation in O_(2).From the energy correlation between the kinetic energy of the Auger electron and the ion kinetic energy release,we distinguish several dissociation channels.Rather complex dissociation channels of the spectator Auger final states are disclosed,which can be explained by the increased number of the crossing point due to the existence of Rydberg electron.The quantum system will evolve into different dissociation limits at each crossing point between the potential energy curves.展开更多
A concert by the China National Traditional Orchestra(CNTO)held in the northeast U.S.state of New Jersey on January 29,enthralled thousands of spectators with its music and performance.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from waste is a major environmental problem. Globally, the waste management sector contributes an estimated 5% of the total anthropogenic GHG emissions. This paper estimates GHG emissions...Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from waste is a major environmental problem. Globally, the waste management sector contributes an estimated 5% of the total anthropogenic GHG emissions. This paper estimates GHG emissions from football clubs in the England, where football is the highest profile and most popular sport, with large numbers of spectators and significant quantities of waste being produced. Football clubs should be more committed to reducing their GHG emissions by improving their waste management. The amount of GHG emitted from eight football tiers in England is assessed through methods including interviews, observations and questionnaires. The results reveal that in the 2012/13-football season, over 9 million spectators watched football in the lower leagues, with mean waste per spectator of 3.27 kg. 30,146,000 kg of waste was generated at the 8 football tiers, and the amount of waste sent to the landfill was about 74,000,000 kg, which resulted in GHG emissions of approximately 2,100,000 kg CO2e. The implications for better waste management at football leagues are outlined.展开更多
Using the Glauber model, we present the formulas for calculating the numbers of participants, spectators and binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. Based on this work, we get the pseudorapidity distributions of charged pa...Using the Glauber model, we present the formulas for calculating the numbers of participants, spectators and binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. Based on this work, we get the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles as the function of the impact parameter in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental observations made by the BRAHMS Collaboration in Au＋Au collisions at √^SNN=200 GeV in different centrality bins over the whole pseudorapidity range.展开更多
By employing the Glauber model, we give the centrality dependences of the numbers of participants and binary nucleon-nucleon collisions in nucleus-nucleus collisions. By taking into account the energy loss of the part...By employing the Glauber model, we give the centrality dependences of the numbers of participants and binary nucleon-nucleon collisions in nucleus-nucleus collisions. By taking into account the energy loss of the participants in their multiple collisions, we then present the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in nucleus-nucleus collisions as a function of beam energy and impact parameter. Finally, we analyze the centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity of the charged particles in Au＋Au collisions at energies from √SNN=19.6 to 200 GeV. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental observations of the RHIC-PHOBOS collaboration.展开更多
基金The project supported by Shanxi Provincial Foundation of Leading Man in Science Shanxi Provincial Foundation of Scholarly Exchange
文摘The excited degree of spectator in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is investig-ated.The heat of friction due to the relative motion beween the participant and the spectatorand the superfluous surface energy due to the spectator deformation are calculated.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC2201502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975019,11991052,and 12047503)+2 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(Grant No.ZDBS-LY-7009)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-006)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB15)。
文摘We improve and generalize the non-minimal curvaton model originally proposed in arXiv:2112.12680 to a model in which a spectator field non-minimally couples to an inflaton field and the power spectrum of the perturbation of spectator field at small scales is dramatically enhanced by the sharp feature in the form of non-minimal coupling.At or after the end of inflation,the perturbation of the spectator field is converted into curvature perturbation and leads to the formation of primordial black holes(PBHs).Furthermore,for example,we consider three phenomenological models for generating PBHs with mass function peaked at~10^(-12) M_(⊙)and representing all the cold dark matter in our universe and find that the scalar induced gravitational waves generated by the curvature perturbation can be detected by the future space-borne gravitational-wave detectors such as Taiji,Tian Qin,and LISA.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10475054)Natural Foundation of Shanxi Province, China (2008011005)Shanxi Provincial Foundation for Returned Scholars of China
文摘The multiplicity distribution of projectile protons and multiplicity correlations between black particles, grey particles, shower particles, compound particles, heavily ionized track particles, projectile helium fragments and projectile spectator protons in 84Kr-emulsion collisions at 1.7 A GeV are investigated. It is found that the projectile spectator proton multiplicity distribution becomes broader with increasing target mass. The average multiplicity of shower particles and compound particles strongly depends on the number of projectile spectator protons, but the average multiplicity of black particles, grey particles and heavily ionized track particles weakly depends on the number of projectile spectator protons. The average multiplicity of projectile helium fragments increases linearly with increasing numbers of projectile spectator protons. Finally, the multiplicity distribution of projectile spectator protons obeys a KNO type of scaling law.
文摘Can a reader,upon reading literary fictions,be moved into social actions or engage in socially meaningful activities?If it is so,then will reading gay-themed,popular fictions mean anything for the LGBTQ issue in contemporary China?This article argues that a reader of gay-themed,“Boys Love”(or“BL”for short)novels may be moved into taking some social actions for greater tolerance and acceptance of the LGBTQ community in contemporary China,based on the concept of“engaged spectator”,which is a reconstruct of Adam Smith’s moral-psychological model of“impartial spectator”into an actively reading,socially engaged agent taking affirmative actions to bring about greater social justice.This“engaged spectator”shall have a few steps in its active reading of fictions and engaging in transformative social actions,namely“subjective identification”,“ambience appreciation”,and finally,“social engagement”-the three of which are in a lexical order.This tri-step model is based on a neuropsychological reading of Adam Smith into the reader empathy theory.Furthermore,this model is illustrated with Kirin,a popular BL novel,where the reader may engage in social actions to create a more tolerant environment for the LGBTQ community in contemporary China.The three steps outlined above shall offer us an account of explaining how an active reading experience may lead to a socially transformative result.
文摘Pan Xi(潘曦),now an artist based in Shanghai,has dedicated almost all of her works to women—women who are alone,delicate,and meditatively submerged in their own world,something evident in the title of her recent series'My Secret Garden'.However,Pan considers her works essentially asexual.'I’m not even specifically depicting women;men or women,whatever superficial
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11574020)the Project of Thousand Youth Talents in Chinathe Starting Grant of ShanghaiTech University。
文摘We investigate the dissociation dynamics of core-excited O_(2)molecules using a high-resolution energy-resolved electron-ion coincidence experimental setup.The excited cationic states with two valence holes and one Rydberg electron are created after spectator Auger decay induced by O 1s→(^(4)Σ_(u)^(-))3sσcore excitation in O_(2).From the energy correlation between the kinetic energy of the Auger electron and the ion kinetic energy release,we distinguish several dissociation channels.Rather complex dissociation channels of the spectator Auger final states are disclosed,which can be explained by the increased number of the crossing point due to the existence of Rydberg electron.The quantum system will evolve into different dissociation limits at each crossing point between the potential energy curves.
文摘A concert by the China National Traditional Orchestra(CNTO)held in the northeast U.S.state of New Jersey on January 29,enthralled thousands of spectators with its music and performance.
文摘Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from waste is a major environmental problem. Globally, the waste management sector contributes an estimated 5% of the total anthropogenic GHG emissions. This paper estimates GHG emissions from football clubs in the England, where football is the highest profile and most popular sport, with large numbers of spectators and significant quantities of waste being produced. Football clubs should be more committed to reducing their GHG emissions by improving their waste management. The amount of GHG emitted from eight football tiers in England is assessed through methods including interviews, observations and questionnaires. The results reveal that in the 2012/13-football season, over 9 million spectators watched football in the lower leagues, with mean waste per spectator of 3.27 kg. 30,146,000 kg of waste was generated at the 8 football tiers, and the amount of waste sent to the landfill was about 74,000,000 kg, which resulted in GHG emissions of approximately 2,100,000 kg CO2e. The implications for better waste management at football leagues are outlined.
基金Supported by Key Foundation of Shanghai (S30501)
文摘Using the Glauber model, we present the formulas for calculating the numbers of participants, spectators and binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. Based on this work, we get the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles as the function of the impact parameter in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental observations made by the BRAHMS Collaboration in Au＋Au collisions at √^SNN=200 GeV in different centrality bins over the whole pseudorapidity range.
基金Supported by Key Foundation of Shanghai (S30501)
文摘By employing the Glauber model, we give the centrality dependences of the numbers of participants and binary nucleon-nucleon collisions in nucleus-nucleus collisions. By taking into account the energy loss of the participants in their multiple collisions, we then present the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in nucleus-nucleus collisions as a function of beam energy and impact parameter. Finally, we analyze the centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity of the charged particles in Au＋Au collisions at energies from √SNN=19.6 to 200 GeV. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental observations of the RHIC-PHOBOS collaboration.
