Exophiala is a genus comprising several species of opportunistic black yeasts,which belongs to Ascomycotina.It is a rare cause of fungal infections.However,infections are often chronic and recalcitrant,and while the n...Exophiala is a genus comprising several species of opportunistic black yeasts,which belongs to Ascomycotina.It is a rare cause of fungal infections.However,infections are often chronic and recalcitrant,and while the number of cases is steadily increasing in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people,detailed knowledge remains scarce regarding infection mechanisms,virulence factors,specific predisposing factors,risk factors,and host response.The most common manifestations of Exophiala infection are skin infections,and the most frequent type of deep infection is pulmonary infection due to inhalation.The invasive disease ranges from cutaneous or subcutaneous infection to systemic dissemination to internal organs.The final identification of the causative organism should be achieved through a combination of several methods,including the newly introduced diagnostic analysis,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,together with sequencing of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid internal transcribed spacer region of the fungi,and histological and culture findings.Regarding treatment,because anti-infective agents and natural compounds exhibited poor antibiofilm activity,few treatments have ultimately been found to be effective for specific antifungal therapy,so the optimal antifungal therapy and duration of therapy for these infections remain unknown.Therefore,most forms of disease caused by Exophiala dermatitidis require aggressive combination therapies:Both surgical intervention and aggressive antifungal therapy with novel compounds and azoles are necessary for effective treatment.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of Danshen injectable powder on myocardial remodeling in pressure overload rats and isoproterenol(ISO) injection mice.METHODS SD Rats were subject to abdominal aortic constriction(AA...OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of Danshen injectable powder on myocardial remodeling in pressure overload rats and isoproterenol(ISO) injection mice.METHODS SD Rats were subject to abdominal aortic constriction(AAC) surgery to develop pressure overload.Therapeutic effect of Danshen injectable powder was assessed six weeks after AAC surgery.The lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) levels in serum,biometric,echocardiographic parameters,interstitial fibrosis,the expression of DJ-1 and SOD2 were then measured.The myocardial impairment in mice was induced by ISO injection.LDH and CK in serum,biometric,interstitial fibrosis were measured to investigate the cardioprotective effect of Danshen injectable powder.Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI) was used to detect the changes of 60-1000 Da molecules in mice heart tissue.RESULTS In AAC rats,we observed compensatory hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis,however cardiac function had not progressed to deterioration.The levels of LDH and CK were decreased significantly in the Danshen injectable powder groups(P<0.05,P<0.05).Danshen injectable powder could alleviate the perivascular collagen deposits but not cardiac hypertrophy in AAC rats.Furthermore,Danshen injectable powder enhanced the expression levels of SOD2 and DJ-1 in cardio.myocytes(P<0.05,P<0.01).In ISO injection mice,the levels of HWI and LDH were decreased signifi.cantly in drug treatment group compared with model group(P<0.01,P<0.01).In the MALDI-MSI of mice heart section,Danshen injectable powder can improve the reduction of energy metabolism-related substances including adenosine,creatine and ADP induced by ISO impairment.CONCLUSION Danshen injectable powder can attenuate perivascular fibrosis and improve the expression of antioxidative stress-related proteins SOD2,DJ-1 in the rats with pressure overload-induced left ventricular remodeling.Danshen injectable powder has cardioprotective effect on ISO impairment in mice which is probably related to improvement of energy metabolism.展开更多
文摘Exophiala is a genus comprising several species of opportunistic black yeasts,which belongs to Ascomycotina.It is a rare cause of fungal infections.However,infections are often chronic and recalcitrant,and while the number of cases is steadily increasing in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent people,detailed knowledge remains scarce regarding infection mechanisms,virulence factors,specific predisposing factors,risk factors,and host response.The most common manifestations of Exophiala infection are skin infections,and the most frequent type of deep infection is pulmonary infection due to inhalation.The invasive disease ranges from cutaneous or subcutaneous infection to systemic dissemination to internal organs.The final identification of the causative organism should be achieved through a combination of several methods,including the newly introduced diagnostic analysis,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,together with sequencing of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid internal transcribed spacer region of the fungi,and histological and culture findings.Regarding treatment,because anti-infective agents and natural compounds exhibited poor antibiofilm activity,few treatments have ultimately been found to be effective for specific antifungal therapy,so the optimal antifungal therapy and duration of therapy for these infections remain unknown.Therefore,most forms of disease caused by Exophiala dermatitidis require aggressive combination therapies:Both surgical intervention and aggressive antifungal therapy with novel compounds and azoles are necessary for effective treatment.
文摘OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of Danshen injectable powder on myocardial remodeling in pressure overload rats and isoproterenol(ISO) injection mice.METHODS SD Rats were subject to abdominal aortic constriction(AAC) surgery to develop pressure overload.Therapeutic effect of Danshen injectable powder was assessed six weeks after AAC surgery.The lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) levels in serum,biometric,echocardiographic parameters,interstitial fibrosis,the expression of DJ-1 and SOD2 were then measured.The myocardial impairment in mice was induced by ISO injection.LDH and CK in serum,biometric,interstitial fibrosis were measured to investigate the cardioprotective effect of Danshen injectable powder.Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI) was used to detect the changes of 60-1000 Da molecules in mice heart tissue.RESULTS In AAC rats,we observed compensatory hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis,however cardiac function had not progressed to deterioration.The levels of LDH and CK were decreased significantly in the Danshen injectable powder groups(P<0.05,P<0.05).Danshen injectable powder could alleviate the perivascular collagen deposits but not cardiac hypertrophy in AAC rats.Furthermore,Danshen injectable powder enhanced the expression levels of SOD2 and DJ-1 in cardio.myocytes(P<0.05,P<0.01).In ISO injection mice,the levels of HWI and LDH were decreased signifi.cantly in drug treatment group compared with model group(P<0.01,P<0.01).In the MALDI-MSI of mice heart section,Danshen injectable powder can improve the reduction of energy metabolism-related substances including adenosine,creatine and ADP induced by ISO impairment.CONCLUSION Danshen injectable powder can attenuate perivascular fibrosis and improve the expression of antioxidative stress-related proteins SOD2,DJ-1 in the rats with pressure overload-induced left ventricular remodeling.Danshen injectable powder has cardioprotective effect on ISO impairment in mice which is probably related to improvement of energy metabolism.
