“Alone together”is an ever-changing“wicked problem.”In this research and practice,the author tries to combine experience design,referring to the theory of“interaction ritual chain theory,”and creatively add inte...“Alone together”is an ever-changing“wicked problem.”In this research and practice,the author tries to combine experience design,referring to the theory of“interaction ritual chain theory,”and creatively add interactive experience to discursive works,so that the audience can think between the real and the virtual.展开更多
Hadoop is a well-known parallel computing system for distributed computing and large-scale data processes.“Straggling”tasks,however,have a serious impact on task allocation and scheduling in a Hadoop system.Speculat...Hadoop is a well-known parallel computing system for distributed computing and large-scale data processes.“Straggling”tasks,however,have a serious impact on task allocation and scheduling in a Hadoop system.Speculative Execution(SE)is an efficient method of processing“Straggling”Tasks by monitoring real-time running status of tasks and then selectively backing up“Stragglers”in another node to increase the chance to complete the entire mission early.Present speculative execution strategies meet challenges on misjudgement of“Straggling”tasks and improper selection of backup nodes,which leads to inefficient implementation of speculative executive processes.This paper has proposed an Optimized Resource Scheduling strategy for Speculative Execution(ORSE)by introducing non-cooperative game schemes.The ORSE transforms the resource scheduling of backup tasks into a multi-party non-cooperative game problem,where the tasks are regarded as game participants,whilst total task execution time of the entire cluster as the utility function.In that case,the most benefit strategy can be implemented in each computing node when the game reaches a Nash equilibrium point,i.e.,the final resource scheduling scheme to be obtained.The strategy has been implemented in Hadoop-2.x.Experimental results depict that the ORSE can maintain the efficiency of speculative executive processes and improve fault-tolerant and computation performance under the circumstances of Normal Load,Busy Load and Busy Load with Skewed Data.展开更多
As a distributed computing platform, Hadoop provides an effective way to handle big data. In Hadoop, the completion time of job will be delayed by a straggler. Although the definitive cause of the straggler is hard to...As a distributed computing platform, Hadoop provides an effective way to handle big data. In Hadoop, the completion time of job will be delayed by a straggler. Although the definitive cause of the straggler is hard to detect, speculative execution is usually used for dealing with this problem, by simply backing up those stragglers on alternative nodes. In this paper, we design a new Speculative Execution algorithm based on C4.5 Decision Tree, SECDT, for Hadoop. In SECDT, we speculate completion time of stragglers and also of backup tasks, based on a kind of decision tree method: C4.5 decision tree. After we speculate the completion time, we compare the completion time of stragglers and of the backup tasks, calculating their differential value, and selecting the straggler with the maximum differential value to start the backup task.Experiment result shows that the SECDT can predict execution time more accurately than other speculative execution methods, hence reduce the job completion time.展开更多
There are two inaccuracies to the common belief that hot money flows into China through international trade: "hot money" and "trade channels". First, China’s domestic financial market is still at ...There are two inaccuracies to the common belief that hot money flows into China through international trade: "hot money" and "trade channels". First, China’s domestic financial market is still at the initial stage of development, and foreign exchange control has put barriers to entry and exit of overseas capital. Strictly speaking, the short-term highly liquid "hot money" does not exist in China, and is referred to as long-term speculative capital in this paper. Second, such capital does not come from trade alone. International trade is only part of corporate business operations, and a more reasonable and complete description is that "overseas capital flows into China through foreign-funded enterprises". Through analysis of the inflow channels, this paper estimates that the stock of long-term speculative capital between 1999 and 2006 stands at almost US$ 400 billion. The year 2006 saw an increase of US$ 98.09 billion, of which US$ 35.4 billion was formed through international trade, which equals to roughly 20% of trade surplus that year. But this does not mean that 20% of trade surplus is long-term speculative capital.展开更多
Speculative execution attacks can leak arbitrary program data under malicious speculation,presenting a severe security threat.Based on two key observations,this paper presents a software-transparent defense mechanism ...Speculative execution attacks can leak arbitrary program data under malicious speculation,presenting a severe security threat.Based on two key observations,this paper presents a software-transparent defense mechanism called speculative secret flow tracking(SSFT),which is capable of defending against all cache-based speculative execution attacks with a low performance overhead.First,we observe that the attacker must use array or pointer variables in the victim code to access arbitrary memory data.Therefore,we propose a strict definition of secret data to reduce the amount of data to be protected.Second,if the load is not data-dependent and control-dependent on secrets,its speculative execution will not leak any secrets.Thus,this paper introduces the concept of speculative secret flow to analyze how secret data are obtained and propagated during speculative execution.By tracking speculative secret flow in hardware,SSFT can identify all unsafe speculative loads(USLs)that are dependent on secrets.Moreover,SSFT exploits three different methods to constrain USLs’speculative execution and prevent them from leaking secrets into the cache and translation lookaside buffer(TLB)states.This paper evaluates the performance of SSFT on the SPEC CPU 2006 workloads,and the results show that SSFT is effective and its performance overhead is very low.To defend against all speculative execution attack variants,SSFT only incurs an average slowdown of 4.5%(Delay USL-L1Miss)or 3.8%(Invisible USLs)compared to a non-secure processor.Our analysis also shows that SSFT maintains a low hardware overhead.展开更多
With the development and widespread use of blockchain in recent years,many projects have introduced blockchain technology to solve the growing security issues of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT).However,due to ...With the development and widespread use of blockchain in recent years,many projects have introduced blockchain technology to solve the growing security issues of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT).However,due to the conflict between the operational performance and security of the blockchain system and the compatibility issues with a large number of IIoT devices running together,the mainstream blockchain system cannot be applied to IIoT scenarios.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes SBFT(Speculative Byzantine Consensus Protocol),a flexible and scalable blockchain consensus mechanism for the Industrial Internet of Things.SBFT has a consensus process based on speculation,improving the throughput and consensus speed of blockchain systems and reducing communication overhead.In order to improve the compatibility and scalability of the blockchain system,we select some nodes to participate in the consensus,and these nodes have better performance in the network.Since multiple properties determine node performance,we abstract the node selection problem as a joint optimization problem and use Dueling Deep Q Learning(DQL)to solve it.Finally,we evaluate the performance of the scheme through simulation,and the simulation results prove the superiority of our scheme.展开更多
Read-write dependency is an important factor restricting software efficiency.Timing Speculative(TS)is a processing architecture aiming to improve energy efficiency of microprocessors.Timing error rate,influenced by th...Read-write dependency is an important factor restricting software efficiency.Timing Speculative(TS)is a processing architecture aiming to improve energy efficiency of microprocessors.Timing error rate,influenced by the read-write dependency,bottlenecks the voltage down-scaling and so the energy efficiency of TS processors.We proposed a method called Read-Write Dependency Aware Register Allocation.It is based on the Read-Write Dependency aware Interference Graph(RWDIG)conception.Registers are reallocated to loosen the read-write dependencies,so resulting in a reduction of timing errors.The traditional no operation(Nop)padding method is also redesigned to increase the distance value to above 2.We analyzed the dependencies of registers and maximized the average distance value of read and write dependencies.Experimental results showed that we can reduce all read-write dependency by Nop padding,as well as the overhead timing errors.An energy saving of approximately 7%was achieved.展开更多
Timing speculative(TS)architecture is promising for improving the energy efficiency of microprocessors.Error recovery units,designed for tolerating occasional timing errors,have been used to support a wider range of v...Timing speculative(TS)architecture is promising for improving the energy efficiency of microprocessors.Error recovery units,designed for tolerating occasional timing errors,have been used to support a wider range of voltage scaling,therefore to achieve a better energy efficiency.More specifically,the timing error rate,influenced mainly by data forwarding,is the bottleneck for voltage down-scaling in TS processors.In this paper,a new Timing Error Aware Register Allocation method is proposed.First,we designed the Dependency aware Interference Graph(DIG)construction to get the information of Read after Write(RAW)in programs.To build the construction,we get the disassemble code as input and suppose that there are unlimited registers,the same way as so-called virtual registers in many compilers.Then we change the disassemble codes to the SSA form for each basic block to make sure the registers are defined only once.Based on the DIG construction,registers were real-located to eliminate the timing error,by loosening the RAW dependencies.We con-struct the DIG for each function of the program and sort the edge of DIG by an increasing weight order.Since a smaller weighted-edge value means that its owner nodes have more frequent access in instruction flows,we expect it in different registers with no read-write dependency.At the same time,we make sure that there are no additional new spill codes emerging in our algorithm to minimize the rate of spill code.A high rate of spill code will not only decrease the performance of the system but also increase the unexpected read-write dependency.Next,we reallocate the reg-isters by weight order in turn to loosen the RAW dependencies.Furthermore,we use the NOP operation to pad the instructions with a minimal distance value of 2.Experiment results showed that the average distance of RAW dependencies was increased by over 20%.展开更多
Architectural design course is the main course of architecture major.“Master-apprentice” guidance is the main mode of architectural design course teaching.How to teach between teachers and apprentices? Architectural...Architectural design course is the main course of architecture major.“Master-apprentice” guidance is the main mode of architectural design course teaching.How to teach between teachers and apprentices? Architectural design teachers in different colleges and universities do not have a unified approach,which easily leads to confusion in teaching.This study put forward “ 3W ” teaching method,and made a preliminary discussion on its concept,structure and application.“ 3W ” method is a method that the architectural design instructor uses three progressive questions to guide the whole process of architectural design.Through a detailed discussion of the three questions,it showed that this method was a building design guiding method with simple operation,easy grasp and adaptability.展开更多
Over the past decade, agricultural commodity prices underwent wild swings, Periods of high growth in 2008 were followed by periods of sudden decrease in 2009, The excessive increase in food price volatility is a subje...Over the past decade, agricultural commodity prices underwent wild swings, Periods of high growth in 2008 were followed by periods of sudden decrease in 2009, The excessive increase in food price volatility is a subject of great interest because it has to do with the survival of mankind, Recent academic studies and policy makers have reached sharply different conclusions about the dynamics of such fluctuations, Also, some of them have indicated the main cause in speculative transactions and in the little regulation of futures markets, This paper intends to verify if there exists a co-implication between wheat futures price and some financial “speculative” variables, The results of cointegration analysis show that there is no evidence that financial derivative instruments determine the fluctuations of wheat futures price.展开更多
This paper presents a novel automatic mammography recognition approach used to develop computer-aided diagnostic systems that require a robust method to assist the radiologist in identifying and recognizing speculatio...This paper presents a novel automatic mammography recognition approach used to develop computer-aided diagnostic systems that require a robust method to assist the radiologist in identifying and recognizing speculations from a multitude of lines corresponding to the normal fibrous breast tissue.Following this rationale,this paper introduces a novel approach for detecting the speculated lesions in digital mammograms based on multi-scale SIFT(scale-invariant feature transform)orientations.The proposed method starts by estimating a set of key points that best represent the image mammography in a scale space.We then benefit from SIFT algorithm to locally characterize each key point by assigning a consistent orientation.Thereafter,a set of three features are extracted for each pixel in the image mammogram based on these orientations.The extracted features are fed into BDT(binary decision tree)in order to perform per pixel classification and decide whether the pixel is normal or abnormal.We evaluate the proposed system on BCDR(breast cancer digital repository)database and the experimental results show that our method is accurate with 97.95%recognition rate,while it is robust to illumination changes,rotation and scale variations.展开更多
Sneaker speculation is one of the most attractive economic phenomena.The purpose of the paper is to avoid too many consumers blindly following the trend to join the sneaker speculation and eventually causes financial ...Sneaker speculation is one of the most attractive economic phenomena.The purpose of the paper is to avoid too many consumers blindly following the trend to join the sneaker speculation and eventually causes financial lost due to the sneaker speculation trend being too hot.This study is one of the first few attempts to analyze every aspect of sneaker speculation and give youth suggestion on purchasing sneakers.First,this paper analyzed the cause and influential aspect of sneaker speculation,and made a preliminary analysis for readers who first enter the sneaker market.Second,the risk of sneaker speculation was analyzed.Then,suggestions for the youth to establish correct values and consumption concept were given.Finally,the conclusion suggested that the price of sneakers is too high over their value,consumers should buy sneaker rationally.Hopefully,consumers can establish a more rational consumption concept for consumers.More powerfully regulated sneaker market is necessary,so that the price of sneakers is more reasonable and affordable for consumers.展开更多
In response to the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, Immanuel Kant put forward a transcendental philosophy which distinguished between the appearance and the thing-initself(das Ding an sich), in the belief th...In response to the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, Immanuel Kant put forward a transcendental philosophy which distinguished between the appearance and the thing-initself(das Ding an sich), in the belief that people can only know appearances, but not thingsin-themselves. The fact that contemporary philosophy has gone far beyond transcendental philosophy can be seen clearly in the following respects: the response to the Scientific Revolution;the dualistic theory of qualities;the two concepts of the thing-in-itself;and how to know the thing-in-itself. In order to deepen the discussion of the thing-in-itself, it is necessary to introduce probing new questions and attempt to elucidate a switching theory of reality that distinguishes between the meaning-impoverished thing-in-itself and the meaningrich thing-in-itself, and advocates placing the focus of philosophical thinking on the latter.Basing ourselves on the switching theory of reality and the total perspective concept that it implies allows us to better understand man's place in the universe and the mission of philosophy in the post-metaphysical era.展开更多
The real estate market in China is often subject to government intervention while it is widely believed that speculation is one of the driving forces for the dramatic increase in house price.By controlling macroeconom...The real estate market in China is often subject to government intervention while it is widely believed that speculation is one of the driving forces for the dramatic increase in house price.By controlling macroeconomic factors,we detect two types of speculative traders,fundamentalists and chartists,respectively.Fundamentalists rely on fundamental value for trading while chartists hold a momentum expectation.We further assess the effects of government intervention policies on house price and speculation.The tightening policy cools down while the stimulating policy enhances the speculation.The contrasting effects of different policies on speculations indicate the challenge in handling the Chinese housing market.展开更多
Speculative behaviors have burgeoned in various business settings whereby it is costly for consumers to purchase directly from sellers.This paper examines the values of two typical speculative behaviors,scalping and l...Speculative behaviors have burgeoned in various business settings whereby it is costly for consumers to purchase directly from sellers.This paper examines the values of two typical speculative behaviors,scalping and line-sitting,against a backdrop of markets with resale.We establish a two-stage model in which a monopolist seller sells an item(product or service)to consumers in the first stage,and the item can be traded on a resale platform in the second stage.Speculators have no interests in consumption but incur lower costs in pm-chasing and reselling processes than consumers.In the scalping model,they buy the item first and resell it later to make profits.In the line-sitting model,they earn incomes by serving as surrogates of consumers in purchasing.We first find whether the two phenomena emerge critically depends on the value of consumers'entry cost.Our main results indicate that both speculative behaviors can bring benefits to the seller and resale platform by a demand expansion effect,although through different mechanisms.Under scalping,the entry of speculators as additional buyers always boosts demand in both stages,and achieves a win-win outcome for the seller and platform,although less consumers remain in the market and the resale price decreases.Under line-sitting,demand is enlarged and profits rise in both stages,only when consumers find purchasing directly more time-and money-consuming,because they need to pay an extra service fee to speculators.Moreover,the consumer population gets better off from the two speculative behaviors when their entry cost is relatively high.When both models emerge,scalping may be preferable to line-sitting for the seller,resale platform and consumers,if the cost advantage of speculators in resale transactions is more evident.展开更多
This study uses the intrinsic bubbles detection method to identify housing bubbles in the Hong Kong residential property market.By using sample period data from 1993 to 2019,the empirical results show evidence of intr...This study uses the intrinsic bubbles detection method to identify housing bubbles in the Hong Kong residential property market.By using sample period data from 1993 to 2019,the empirical results show evidence of intrinsic bubbles.Based on the unit root and co-integration tests,I found that there are no rational speculative bubbles in the Hong Kong residential property market.Furthermore,by using the Gran ger causality tests of the corresponding asymmetric VECM specification,there is no causality from lagged changes in the rental price returns to changes in the property price returns.However,there is strong evidence to show that changes in the property price index returns can Gran ger cause changes in the rental price index returns.展开更多
The paper is a critical review of Levi R.Bryant's books Onto-Cartography:An Ontology of Machines and Media(2014) and The Democracy of Objects(2011) from the perspective of semiotics.It contrasts Charles S.Peirce...The paper is a critical review of Levi R.Bryant's books Onto-Cartography:An Ontology of Machines and Media(2014) and The Democracy of Objects(2011) from the perspective of semiotics.It contrasts Charles S.Peirce's notions of semiosis and the agency of the sign with Bryant's speculative realism,according to which the universe of things as well as the biosphere of living beings are universes of machines.It also draws parallels between Saussure's 1916 postulate of semiology as a new science of the meaning of cultural objects and Bryant's postulate of a new science of the universe of things under the name of mechanology.展开更多
文摘“Alone together”is an ever-changing“wicked problem.”In this research and practice,the author tries to combine experience design,referring to the theory of“interaction ritual chain theory,”and creatively add interactive experience to discursive works,so that the audience can think between the real and the virtual.
基金This work has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no.701697Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.17ZDA092)+2 种基金Basic Research Programs(Natural Science Foundation)of Jiangsu Province(BK20180794)333 High-Level Talent Cultivation Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018332)333 High-Level Talent Cultivation Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018332)the PAPD fund.
文摘Hadoop is a well-known parallel computing system for distributed computing and large-scale data processes.“Straggling”tasks,however,have a serious impact on task allocation and scheduling in a Hadoop system.Speculative Execution(SE)is an efficient method of processing“Straggling”Tasks by monitoring real-time running status of tasks and then selectively backing up“Stragglers”in another node to increase the chance to complete the entire mission early.Present speculative execution strategies meet challenges on misjudgement of“Straggling”tasks and improper selection of backup nodes,which leads to inefficient implementation of speculative executive processes.This paper has proposed an Optimized Resource Scheduling strategy for Speculative Execution(ORSE)by introducing non-cooperative game schemes.The ORSE transforms the resource scheduling of backup tasks into a multi-party non-cooperative game problem,where the tasks are regarded as game participants,whilst total task execution time of the entire cluster as the utility function.In that case,the most benefit strategy can be implemented in each computing node when the game reaches a Nash equilibrium point,i.e.,the final resource scheduling scheme to be obtained.The strategy has been implemented in Hadoop-2.x.Experimental results depict that the ORSE can maintain the efficiency of speculative executive processes and improve fault-tolerant and computation performance under the circumstances of Normal Load,Busy Load and Busy Load with Skewed Data.
文摘As a distributed computing platform, Hadoop provides an effective way to handle big data. In Hadoop, the completion time of job will be delayed by a straggler. Although the definitive cause of the straggler is hard to detect, speculative execution is usually used for dealing with this problem, by simply backing up those stragglers on alternative nodes. In this paper, we design a new Speculative Execution algorithm based on C4.5 Decision Tree, SECDT, for Hadoop. In SECDT, we speculate completion time of stragglers and also of backup tasks, based on a kind of decision tree method: C4.5 decision tree. After we speculate the completion time, we compare the completion time of stragglers and of the backup tasks, calculating their differential value, and selecting the straggler with the maximum differential value to start the backup task.Experiment result shows that the SECDT can predict execution time more accurately than other speculative execution methods, hence reduce the job completion time.
文摘There are two inaccuracies to the common belief that hot money flows into China through international trade: "hot money" and "trade channels". First, China’s domestic financial market is still at the initial stage of development, and foreign exchange control has put barriers to entry and exit of overseas capital. Strictly speaking, the short-term highly liquid "hot money" does not exist in China, and is referred to as long-term speculative capital in this paper. Second, such capital does not come from trade alone. International trade is only part of corporate business operations, and a more reasonable and complete description is that "overseas capital flows into China through foreign-funded enterprises". Through analysis of the inflow channels, this paper estimates that the stock of long-term speculative capital between 1999 and 2006 stands at almost US$ 400 billion. The year 2006 saw an increase of US$ 98.09 billion, of which US$ 35.4 billion was formed through international trade, which equals to roughly 20% of trade surplus that year. But this does not mean that 20% of trade surplus is long-term speculative capital.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province of China under Grant No.2018B010115002.
文摘Speculative execution attacks can leak arbitrary program data under malicious speculation,presenting a severe security threat.Based on two key observations,this paper presents a software-transparent defense mechanism called speculative secret flow tracking(SSFT),which is capable of defending against all cache-based speculative execution attacks with a low performance overhead.First,we observe that the attacker must use array or pointer variables in the victim code to access arbitrary memory data.Therefore,we propose a strict definition of secret data to reduce the amount of data to be protected.Second,if the load is not data-dependent and control-dependent on secrets,its speculative execution will not leak any secrets.Thus,this paper introduces the concept of speculative secret flow to analyze how secret data are obtained and propagated during speculative execution.By tracking speculative secret flow in hardware,SSFT can identify all unsafe speculative loads(USLs)that are dependent on secrets.Moreover,SSFT exploits three different methods to constrain USLs’speculative execution and prevent them from leaking secrets into the cache and translation lookaside buffer(TLB)states.This paper evaluates the performance of SSFT on the SPEC CPU 2006 workloads,and the results show that SSFT is effective and its performance overhead is very low.To defend against all speculative execution attack variants,SSFT only incurs an average slowdown of 4.5%(Delay USL-L1Miss)or 3.8%(Invisible USLs)compared to a non-secure processor.Our analysis also shows that SSFT maintains a low hardware overhead.
文摘With the development and widespread use of blockchain in recent years,many projects have introduced blockchain technology to solve the growing security issues of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT).However,due to the conflict between the operational performance and security of the blockchain system and the compatibility issues with a large number of IIoT devices running together,the mainstream blockchain system cannot be applied to IIoT scenarios.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes SBFT(Speculative Byzantine Consensus Protocol),a flexible and scalable blockchain consensus mechanism for the Industrial Internet of Things.SBFT has a consensus process based on speculation,improving the throughput and consensus speed of blockchain systems and reducing communication overhead.In order to improve the compatibility and scalability of the blockchain system,we select some nodes to participate in the consensus,and these nodes have better performance in the network.Since multiple properties determine node performance,we abstract the node selection problem as a joint optimization problem and use Dueling Deep Q Learning(DQL)to solve it.Finally,we evaluate the performance of the scheme through simulation,and the simulation results prove the superiority of our scheme.
基金This work was supported by the Project of Hunan Social Science Achievement Evaluation Committee(XSP20YBZ090,Sheng Xiao,2020).
文摘Read-write dependency is an important factor restricting software efficiency.Timing Speculative(TS)is a processing architecture aiming to improve energy efficiency of microprocessors.Timing error rate,influenced by the read-write dependency,bottlenecks the voltage down-scaling and so the energy efficiency of TS processors.We proposed a method called Read-Write Dependency Aware Register Allocation.It is based on the Read-Write Dependency aware Interference Graph(RWDIG)conception.Registers are reallocated to loosen the read-write dependencies,so resulting in a reduction of timing errors.The traditional no operation(Nop)padding method is also redesigned to increase the distance value to above 2.We analyzed the dependencies of registers and maximized the average distance value of read and write dependencies.Experimental results showed that we can reduce all read-write dependency by Nop padding,as well as the overhead timing errors.An energy saving of approximately 7%was achieved.
基金This work was supported by the General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(16YJA740039,Sheng Xiao,2016)the Foundation Project of Philosophy and Social Science of Hunan(17YBA115,Sheng Xiao,2018).
文摘Timing speculative(TS)architecture is promising for improving the energy efficiency of microprocessors.Error recovery units,designed for tolerating occasional timing errors,have been used to support a wider range of voltage scaling,therefore to achieve a better energy efficiency.More specifically,the timing error rate,influenced mainly by data forwarding,is the bottleneck for voltage down-scaling in TS processors.In this paper,a new Timing Error Aware Register Allocation method is proposed.First,we designed the Dependency aware Interference Graph(DIG)construction to get the information of Read after Write(RAW)in programs.To build the construction,we get the disassemble code as input and suppose that there are unlimited registers,the same way as so-called virtual registers in many compilers.Then we change the disassemble codes to the SSA form for each basic block to make sure the registers are defined only once.Based on the DIG construction,registers were real-located to eliminate the timing error,by loosening the RAW dependencies.We con-struct the DIG for each function of the program and sort the edge of DIG by an increasing weight order.Since a smaller weighted-edge value means that its owner nodes have more frequent access in instruction flows,we expect it in different registers with no read-write dependency.At the same time,we make sure that there are no additional new spill codes emerging in our algorithm to minimize the rate of spill code.A high rate of spill code will not only decrease the performance of the system but also increase the unexpected read-write dependency.Next,we reallocate the reg-isters by weight order in turn to loosen the RAW dependencies.Furthermore,we use the NOP operation to pad the instructions with a minimal distance value of 2.Experiment results showed that the average distance of RAW dependencies was increased by over 20%.
基金Sponsored by Education Reform Project of Jiangxi Province in 2014(JXJG-14-2-23)
文摘Architectural design course is the main course of architecture major.“Master-apprentice” guidance is the main mode of architectural design course teaching.How to teach between teachers and apprentices? Architectural design teachers in different colleges and universities do not have a unified approach,which easily leads to confusion in teaching.This study put forward “ 3W ” teaching method,and made a preliminary discussion on its concept,structure and application.“ 3W ” method is a method that the architectural design instructor uses three progressive questions to guide the whole process of architectural design.Through a detailed discussion of the three questions,it showed that this method was a building design guiding method with simple operation,easy grasp and adaptability.
文摘Over the past decade, agricultural commodity prices underwent wild swings, Periods of high growth in 2008 were followed by periods of sudden decrease in 2009, The excessive increase in food price volatility is a subject of great interest because it has to do with the survival of mankind, Recent academic studies and policy makers have reached sharply different conclusions about the dynamics of such fluctuations, Also, some of them have indicated the main cause in speculative transactions and in the little regulation of futures markets, This paper intends to verify if there exists a co-implication between wheat futures price and some financial “speculative” variables, The results of cointegration analysis show that there is no evidence that financial derivative instruments determine the fluctuations of wheat futures price.
文摘This paper presents a novel automatic mammography recognition approach used to develop computer-aided diagnostic systems that require a robust method to assist the radiologist in identifying and recognizing speculations from a multitude of lines corresponding to the normal fibrous breast tissue.Following this rationale,this paper introduces a novel approach for detecting the speculated lesions in digital mammograms based on multi-scale SIFT(scale-invariant feature transform)orientations.The proposed method starts by estimating a set of key points that best represent the image mammography in a scale space.We then benefit from SIFT algorithm to locally characterize each key point by assigning a consistent orientation.Thereafter,a set of three features are extracted for each pixel in the image mammogram based on these orientations.The extracted features are fed into BDT(binary decision tree)in order to perform per pixel classification and decide whether the pixel is normal or abnormal.We evaluate the proposed system on BCDR(breast cancer digital repository)database and the experimental results show that our method is accurate with 97.95%recognition rate,while it is robust to illumination changes,rotation and scale variations.
文摘Sneaker speculation is one of the most attractive economic phenomena.The purpose of the paper is to avoid too many consumers blindly following the trend to join the sneaker speculation and eventually causes financial lost due to the sneaker speculation trend being too hot.This study is one of the first few attempts to analyze every aspect of sneaker speculation and give youth suggestion on purchasing sneakers.First,this paper analyzed the cause and influential aspect of sneaker speculation,and made a preliminary analysis for readers who first enter the sneaker market.Second,the risk of sneaker speculation was analyzed.Then,suggestions for the youth to establish correct values and consumption concept were given.Finally,the conclusion suggested that the price of sneakers is too high over their value,consumers should buy sneaker rationally.Hopefully,consumers can establish a more rational consumption concept for consumers.More powerfully regulated sneaker market is necessary,so that the price of sneakers is more reasonable and affordable for consumers.
文摘In response to the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, Immanuel Kant put forward a transcendental philosophy which distinguished between the appearance and the thing-initself(das Ding an sich), in the belief that people can only know appearances, but not thingsin-themselves. The fact that contemporary philosophy has gone far beyond transcendental philosophy can be seen clearly in the following respects: the response to the Scientific Revolution;the dualistic theory of qualities;the two concepts of the thing-in-itself;and how to know the thing-in-itself. In order to deepen the discussion of the thing-in-itself, it is necessary to introduce probing new questions and attempt to elucidate a switching theory of reality that distinguishes between the meaning-impoverished thing-in-itself and the meaningrich thing-in-itself, and advocates placing the focus of philosophical thinking on the latter.Basing ourselves on the switching theory of reality and the total perspective concept that it implies allows us to better understand man's place in the universe and the mission of philosophy in the post-metaphysical era.
基金supported by The National Social Science Foundation China(Grant No.21BJY237)。
文摘The real estate market in China is often subject to government intervention while it is widely believed that speculation is one of the driving forces for the dramatic increase in house price.By controlling macroeconomic factors,we detect two types of speculative traders,fundamentalists and chartists,respectively.Fundamentalists rely on fundamental value for trading while chartists hold a momentum expectation.We further assess the effects of government intervention policies on house price and speculation.The tightening policy cools down while the stimulating policy enhances the speculation.The contrasting effects of different policies on speculations indicate the challenge in handling the Chinese housing market.
基金The authors thank the editor(s)and referees for their guidance and suggestions that help improve the quality of the paperThis work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71871198,71821002,71931009 and 72125004the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2020M681905.
文摘Speculative behaviors have burgeoned in various business settings whereby it is costly for consumers to purchase directly from sellers.This paper examines the values of two typical speculative behaviors,scalping and line-sitting,against a backdrop of markets with resale.We establish a two-stage model in which a monopolist seller sells an item(product or service)to consumers in the first stage,and the item can be traded on a resale platform in the second stage.Speculators have no interests in consumption but incur lower costs in pm-chasing and reselling processes than consumers.In the scalping model,they buy the item first and resell it later to make profits.In the line-sitting model,they earn incomes by serving as surrogates of consumers in purchasing.We first find whether the two phenomena emerge critically depends on the value of consumers'entry cost.Our main results indicate that both speculative behaviors can bring benefits to the seller and resale platform by a demand expansion effect,although through different mechanisms.Under scalping,the entry of speculators as additional buyers always boosts demand in both stages,and achieves a win-win outcome for the seller and platform,although less consumers remain in the market and the resale price decreases.Under line-sitting,demand is enlarged and profits rise in both stages,only when consumers find purchasing directly more time-and money-consuming,because they need to pay an extra service fee to speculators.Moreover,the consumer population gets better off from the two speculative behaviors when their entry cost is relatively high.When both models emerge,scalping may be preferable to line-sitting for the seller,resale platform and consumers,if the cost advantage of speculators in resale transactions is more evident.
文摘This study uses the intrinsic bubbles detection method to identify housing bubbles in the Hong Kong residential property market.By using sample period data from 1993 to 2019,the empirical results show evidence of intrinsic bubbles.Based on the unit root and co-integration tests,I found that there are no rational speculative bubbles in the Hong Kong residential property market.Furthermore,by using the Gran ger causality tests of the corresponding asymmetric VECM specification,there is no causality from lagged changes in the rental price returns to changes in the property price returns.However,there is strong evidence to show that changes in the property price index returns can Gran ger cause changes in the rental price index returns.
文摘The paper is a critical review of Levi R.Bryant's books Onto-Cartography:An Ontology of Machines and Media(2014) and The Democracy of Objects(2011) from the perspective of semiotics.It contrasts Charles S.Peirce's notions of semiosis and the agency of the sign with Bryant's speculative realism,according to which the universe of things as well as the biosphere of living beings are universes of machines.It also draws parallels between Saussure's 1916 postulate of semiology as a new science of the meaning of cultural objects and Bryant's postulate of a new science of the universe of things under the name of mechanology.