中美英语词汇比赛模式的比较研究——以“词达人”和“Spelling Bee”为例

词汇比赛是考察学生词汇能力的有效方式,一直备受重视。通过比较我国“词达人”全国大学生英语词汇能力大赛和美国SpellingBee拼读比赛在组织模式、题型设置两方面的差异,可以梳理出当前以“词达人”为代表的国内词汇拼写类比赛可能存在的问题。研究者在此基础上为如何增加“词达人”比赛的观赏性以及扩大比赛影响力提出了可行的方案。

基于语篇的小学英语语音教学实践——以PEP《英语》中的Let’s spell板块为例

《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》指出:教学设计与实施要以主题为引领,以语篇为依托。这对Let’s spell板块的教学提出了新的挑战。为了探索基于语篇的语音教学新方式,教师“立足教材内外资源,寻找合适的语篇;依托恰当的语篇,创设层级活动”,帮助学生掌握并运用发音规律,形成语音意识,提升综合素养。

基于小学生英语拼读能力提升的语言项目学习例析——以Spelling Bee项目为例

项目学习强调在真实情境中发现问题、解决问题,提升学生的综合能力。将项目学习应用到小学英语拼读教学,能增加学生多样化学习体验,激发学习兴趣,提高学习效率。文章借鉴Spelling Bee大赛规则,开展以赛促读的英语语言项目学习,探索项目学习在提高小学生英语拼读能力的教学效果,提升教学效率。

Integrated water vapor during active and break spells of monsoon and its relationship with temperature,precipitation and precipitation efficiency over a tropical site

Global Positioning System(GPS)measurements of integrated water vapor(IWV)for two years(2014 and 2015)are presented in this paper.Variation of IWV during active and break spells of Indian summer monsoon has been studied for a tropical station Hyderabad(17.4°N,78.46°E).The data is validated with ECMWF Re-Analysis(ERA)91 level data.Relationships of IWV with other atmospheric variables like surface temperature,rain,and precipitation efficiency have been established through cross-correlation studies.A positive correlation coefficient is observed between IWV and surface temperature over two years.But the coefficient becomes negative when only summer monsoon months(June,July,August,and September)are considered.Rainfall during these months cools down the surface and could be the reason for this change in the correlation coefficient.Correlation studies between IWV-precipitation,IWVprecipitation efficiency(P.E),and precipitation-P.E show that coefficients are-0.05,-0.10 and 0.983 with 95%confidence level respectively,which proves that the efficacy of rain does not depend only on the level of water vapor.A proper dynamic mechanism is necessary to convert water vapor into the rain.The diurnal variations of IWV during active and break spells have been analyzed.The amplitudes of diurnal oscillation and its harmonics of individual spell do not show clear trends but the mean amplitudes of the break spells are approximately double than those of the active spells.The amplitudes of diurnal,semidiurnal and ter-diurnal components during break spells are 1.08 kg/m^(2),0.52 kg/m;and 0.34 kg/m;respectively.The corresponding amplitudes during active spells are 0.68 kg/m^(2),0.41 kg/m;and 0.23 kg/m;.

To What Extent and in What Areas Do Chinese Students Encounter Difficulties with the English Spelling

Writing system is totally different from Chinese writing system.From Chinese learners of English know that,English words are seen as illogical and inconsistent.Learning English spelling presents some difficulties for Chinese students because of inconsistencies in English words.But what type of errors do Chinese students make? The intention of this paper is to find out the types of errors for Chinese students and the cause for these mistakes in order to find an approach to improve their spelling accuracy.

Extreme spring cold spells in North China during 1961–2014 and the evolving processes

This study presents the major features of extreme spring cold spells(ESCS)in North China during 1961–2014 and the evolving processes.During an ESCS,northern Eurasia is controlled by large-scale positive SLP anomalies and an anomalous anticyclone that continuously transport northern cold air to North China,causing significant,persistent,lower-than-normal daily temperatures.In fact,these positive SLP and anticyclonic wind anomalies begin to appear over northwestern Europe about 10 days prior to the ESCS.The anticyclonic wind anomalies keep moving southeastward and expand to the west of Lake Baikal until two days before the ESCS.Then,the center of the anomalous low-level anticyclone moves over Lake Baikal,inducing northerly wind anomalies that transport cold air into North China.In the following days,as the positive SLP anomalies weaken,the anomalous anticyclone and related northerly winds appear to wane,and the ESCS gradually comes to an end.The results may prove meaningful for the prediction and early warning of ESCSs.

Spelling Errors in University Students' English Writing

This paper investigated the spelling errors made by university students in Hong Kong.By analyzing the spelling errors in the untimed essays and exam scripts,we found that students are prone to make more spelling mistakes in exam scripts,the same type of errors occur in both of the two kinds of texts;and their ranks of the frequency also are the same.

Advantages of Using a Spell Checker in Text Mining Pre-Processes

The aim of this work was the behavior analysis when a spell checker was integrated as an extra pre-process during the first stage of the test mining. Different models were analyzed, choosing the most complete one considering the pre-processes as the initial part of the text mining process. Algorithms for the Spanish language were developed and adapted, as well as for the methodology testing through the analysis of 2363 words. A capable notation for removing special and unwanted characters was created. Execution times of each algorithm were analyzed to test the efficiency of the text mining pre-process with and without orthographic revision. The total time was shorter with the spell-checker than without it. The key difference of this work among the existing related studies is the first time that the spell checker is used in the text mining preprocesses.

Spelling error corpora in EFL

Spelling error corpora can be collected from students＇ written essays, homework, dictations, translations, tests and lecture notes. Spelling errors can be classified into whole word errors, faulty graphemes and faulty phonemes in which graphemes are deleted, added, reversed or substituted. They can be used for identifying phonological and orthographic problems; spelling strategies that EFL students use in spelling English; spelling error causes or sources and relationship between spelling and decoding weaknesses. The paper gives examples of spelling errors and shows how spelling errors are quantified. Recommendations for remediation are also given.

《英语》(人教版)小学三上Unit 4 Pets Let’s Spell教学案例及点评

字母是组成词汇的要素,词汇是构成句子的要素,句子是构成篇章的要素,因而字母和字母组合的发音会直接影响学生词汇和语篇的学习,语音教学的重要性也因此不言而喻。但是由于种种原因,小学英语语音教学研究受到的关注远不如词汇教学、句式教学和阅读教学等。传统的语音教学一般直接告知学生字母或字母组合的发音,之后进行机械操练,很少让学生自主归纳并感知发音。

让spell成为习惯——小学英语自然拼读教学的几点浅见

Spell,即拼读能力,在小学英语新课程标准中,对学生的拼读能力提出了具体的要求,要求学生能够根据拼读规律读出、写出简易词汇,即'见其形,知其音;听其音,知其形',达到音与形的一一对应。由此可见,自然拼读在我们小学英语教学,尤其是中低段英语教学中的重要作用。在英语课堂中,我们要重视'sound time'板块的教学,并在新词汇的教学中,引导学生以拼读的形式,识记词汇,与词汇交朋友,培养他们spell的良好学习习惯。本文从'spell'出发。

The Direct Spelling Method

According to the difficulties in articulating words, phonetics and L ettters for the English beginners, the author made an experiment on the Direct S pelling method put forward by professor ZhangJianZhong. Through the experiment, it has been proved that the Direct Spelling method is a good method to train stu dents English aspiration, so that students can form the good habits to spell Eng lish words directly and have English speech communication directly.

Validation of AOGCMs Capabilities for Simulation Length of Dry Spells under the Climate Change in Southwestern Area of Iran

Identification and extraction length of dry spells in arid and semi-arid regions is very important. Thus, the use of climate change prediction models for study the behavior of the climatic parameters in the future time is inevitable. With recognition of the spatial and temporal behavior variables such as precipitation, we can prevent from destructive effects. In this research, the performance of Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) was evaluated for simulation length of dry spells in the south-western area of Iran. The results show that the length of dry spell is relatively decreased in cold seasons (autumn and winter) and increased in the warm season (spring and summer) in both A2 and B2 Scenarios. The length of the dry spell on monthly scale for scenario A2 is 6% (equivalent to 2 days) and for scenario B2 is 9 percent (approximately 2.4 day) increased compared to the baseline period. For assess the uncertainty, AOGCMs were weighting. The results show that the best model for simulation of dry spells is HADCM3 and GFCM2.1, because the results have a less error. On the other hand, NCCCSM have the lowest weight for simulation dry spells in both scenarios.

A Spell Checking Web Service API for Smart City Communication Platforms

The Internet of Things becomes Internet of Everything when in the process of communication machine-to-machine also intelligent forms of communication between human and machine are involved. Cities can be viewed as a microcosm of this interconnected system where ICT and emerging technologies can be enabling factors to transform cities in Smart Cities. Cities can take great advantage by using information intelligence to achieve important public-policy goals and, in particular, by enabling network communication channels between citizens and public administrators in order to provide information and online services in real time through platform systems rather than by means of humans, using Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing techniques. This work was the first step of a wider project aimed at providing a Spell Checking Web Service API for Smart City communication platforms able to automatically select, among the large availability of open source spell checking tools, the most suitable tool based on the semantic structure of the specific textual data. The system should manage an enhanced Italian Vocabulary Database, specifically implemented to support all the tools of the system. The goal of the present work was to test, through an experimental research, the feasibility of the entire project by implementing a Spell Checking Prototype System designed to manage two selected spell checking tools. Results showed that the Spell Checking Prototype System significantly improves performances by allowing the user to select the most suitable tool for the specific semantic structure of the text. The system also enables to manage the list of exceptions, which continuously enhance the Italian Vocabulary Database. The experimentation proved scientific evidence of the validity of the project aimed at implementing a Spell Checking Web Service API in order to improve the quality of natural language data to be stored or processed in Smart City NCeSDP systems, through the use of existing spell checking tools.

Analysis of phonological factors in English misspelling

The spelling mistakes in English writing are closely related to the incorrect pronunciation of the students, such as misuse of pronunciation rules of Chinese and English, overuse of the rules and coinage. This paper, on the basis of the analysis of the compositions of the college students, tries to find out how much mispronunciation affects misspelling, analyze the possible causes, and then put forward some suggestions on how to improve English spelling of the students.

“音形对应”成规则 “见词能读”长技能——浅谈Let’s spell教学中学生拼读能力的培养

《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》在二级语言技能目标中关于读的目标是：能根据拼读规律,读出简单的单词。课标对学生的拼读能力提出了明确的要求。新版PEP教材中增设了Let’s spell教学板块,其目的就是增强师生的拼读意识,提高学生的拼读能力,对学生的拼读技能进行有计划的、有步骤的培养。

Droughts and the Impacts of Dry Spells in North of Iraq

Different sets of dry spell length such as complete series, monthlymaximum, seasonal maximum, and annual maximum are applied andmodeled with different probability distribution functions (such as GumbelMax, generalized extreme value, Log-Logistic, generalized logistic, inverseGaussian, Log-Pearson 3, generalized Pareto) to recognize in whichduration, dry spells cause drought. The drought situation and temporalanalysis in the North of Iraq region were done using the SPI index andby software of DrinC at a time scale of 3.6 and 12 months. Because ofapplicability, availability of data and the aim of the study, SPI is selectedto analyze the dry spells in this study. Based on the maximum length ofthe available statistical period, the statistics for the years 1980 to 2019were used from nine meteorological stations for analysis. The results of thestudy showed the severity of drought during the study period which relatedto dry spells. The results of this research confirm the variation of droughtoccurrence with varying degrees in different time and different dry spellscondition in Iraq.

Translation of Spells in the Harry Potter Series

It is focused on the translation of neologism with a case study of the translation of spells in the Harry Potter series.The formation of spells are first analyzed.After a close analysis of the examples,the major methods of translating spells from English to Chinese is summarized as follows:transliteration,transliteration plus meaning,and form plus meaning,of which the last one is mostly used.In the end,two prominent factors that influence the translators'choice of translating spells are discussed,one of which is culture,and the other audience.

运用多种策略 落实语音教学——以修订版PEP教材Let’s Spell板块教学为例

《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》(以下简称《2011年版课标》)指出:"语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效的口语交际打下良好的基础。"新修订的《义务教育教科书·英语(PEP)(三年级起点)》教材(以下简称"教材")每一册都安排了相应的语音教学板块,凸显了语音教学的重要性,也促进了语音教学的实践探索。下面,笔者就本教材语音教学,结合自身课堂实践案例谈几点策略。