Studies on Composting Spent Coffee Grounds by <i>Aspergillus sp</i>and <i>Aspergillus sp</i>in Aerobic Static Batch Temperature Control

Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) is characterized by high organic content, in the form of insoluble polysaccharides bound and phenol compounds. Phenol compounds are toxic to nature and are a cause of environmental pollution. Composting method of this study is aerobic static batch composting with temperature control with adding activators of some fungi such as Aspergillus sp, and Penicillium sp. The purpose of the research is to fill the research gap from previous studies of spent coffee grounds compost, which requires a long time in composting, so that if it is used directly on the soil and plants, the positive effect also requires a long time. The result of composting for 28 days with this method is that mature compost has black crumb and normal pH, with characteristics of C/N ratio below 10: C1 (7.06), C2 (6.99). This value is far from the control with a C/N ratio of 8.33. Decompose rate of macromolecule are above 40% for lignin and 70% for cellulose. Implementation of compost in radish plants, resulting Germination Index above 80% which indicates that the compost is ripe: control (92.39%), C1 (183.88%), C2 (191.86%). The results of the analysis with FTIR also showed that the compost was mature and stable, and rich in minerals. So, it can be concluded that this composting method can speed up composting time and optimize the results of compost produced.

Isolation of Thermally Stable Cellulose Nanocrystals from Spent Coffee Grounds via Phosphoric Acid Hydrolysis

As the world's population exponentially grows,so does the need for the production of food,with cereal production growing annually from an estimated 1.0 billion to 2.5 billion tons within the last few decades.This rapid growth in food production results in an ever increasing amount of agricultural wastes,of which already occupies nearly 50%of the total landfill area.For example,is the billions of dry tons of cellulose-containing spent coffee grounds disposed in landfills annually.This paper seeks to provide a method for isolating cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs)from spent coffee grounds,in order to recycle and utilize the cellulosic waste material which would otherwise have no applications.CNCs have already been shown to have vast applications in the polymer engineering field,mainly utilized for their high strength to weight ratio for reinforcement of polymer-based nanocomposites.A successful method of purifying and hydrolyzing the spent coffee grounds in order to isolate usable CNCs was established.The CNCs were then characterized using current techniques to determine important chemical and physical properties.A few crucial properties determined were aspect ratio of 12±3,crystallinity of 74.2%,surface charge density of(48.4±6.2)mM/kg cellulose,and the ability to successfully reinforce a polymer based nanocomposite.These characteristics compare well to other literature data and common commercial sources of CNCs.

Adsorption of Phosphate and Nitrate Using Modified Spent Coffee Ground and Its Application as an Alternative Nutrient Source for Plant Growth

Phosphate (PO43-) and Nitrate (NO3-) are two main nutrients that cause water eutrophication. In the other hand, the presence of PO43- and NO3- is needed for plant growth. The aims of this study are to recycle Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) modified with calcium hydroxide for adsorption PO43- and NO3-. The optimum adsorption capacity for PO43- and NO3- is 36.74 mg/L and 20.21 mg/L, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model was suitable for PO43- and NO3- adsorption. The kinetic model for adsorption was linear using Pseudo-second order. The application of modified SCG after enrichment with PO43- and NO3- for plant growth (Raphanus sativus) showed optimum growth at a dose of 0.3% with value of germination index was 203%.

咖啡渣和去油咖啡渣热解特性的试验研究

【目的】研究咖啡渣(spent coffee grounds,SCG)和去油咖啡渣(defatted coffee grounds,DCG)的热解特性并计算其热解动力学参数,分析两者在不同温度下热解三相产物的变化规律,实现废弃咖啡渣的二次利用。【方法】采用管式炉、热重(thermogravimetry,TG)试验和热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometer,Py-GC-MS)开展了热解产物分布和热解特性的研究,采用Flynn-WallOzawa(FWO)法计算了热解动力学参数。【结果】热重分析结果表明,SCG和DCG热解可分为4个阶段,主要热解温度范围为200~400℃,并且在300℃左右时失重率最大,升温速率可促进热解反应的进行。动力学计算结果表明,当转化率由0.1提高至0.7时,SCG和DCG的活化能均随之不断升高,转化率由0.7提高至0.9时,两者活化能均随之有所下降;SCG和DCG的平均活化能分别为293.58和307.86 kJ/mol。Py-GC-MS分析表明,SCG主要热解产物包括芳香族、酚类、醛类等化合物,DCG主要热解产物包括醛类、酚类、杂环类、酯类等化合物,在热解阶段,随着热解温度的升高,芳香族、酚类、杂环类化合物相对含量减少,醛类化合物相对含量先增加后减少。管式炉热解试验结果表明,SCG的热解产物中生物油产率较高,DCG的热解产物中焦炭产率较高。【结论】SCG和DCG在合适的温度下进行热解,有利于酚类、芳香族化合物等重要工业原料的回收,实现其高值化利用。

基于微波/超声两步法的咖啡渣中油脂和酚类提取

富含油脂和酚类的咖啡渣通过生物发酵产生的有毒有害物质将会危害生态环境和人类健康,同时油脂和酚类也是能源、化工等领域的重要原料.因此,提出采用微波/超声两步法提取咖啡渣中咖啡油和酚类,对咖啡油和酚类的提取率均达到90%.通过GC-MS鉴定咖啡油中脂肪酸,表明咖啡油在得到较好保留的同时富含不饱和脂肪酸.通过HPLC-MS鉴定提取的酚类,其主要组分为绿原酸、没食子酸,并且得到了较为完整的保留.研究同时对酚类进行体外抗氧化性分析,结果表明其抗氧化性优于目前广泛应用的原料.因此,研究为实现咖啡渣中咖啡油和酚类的高效提取及高生物活性保留提供了参考依据.

咖啡渣在纺织领域的研究现状

生物质能是环境友好型能源,具有低成本、易获得、无污染等优点。咖啡渣作为生物质能中的食品废弃物类,因其含有咖啡因、油脂、蛋白质等有效成分以及单宁酸、咖啡酸等多酚类物质,可广泛应用于农业、食品、环境、医药、纺织等领域,制得的产品具有成本低廉、绿色环保等优点并展现出优良特性。概述近年来咖啡渣用于纺织领域中染色、印染废水处理以及新型纤维开发3个方面的研究情况。从基本应用性能(染色、吸附性能等)、附加性能(抗氧化、抗紫外线、抗菌性能等)以及处理中能源耗用情况、处理后二次废弃物处理情况等方面,分析当前咖啡渣材料用于纺织领域的发展现状及存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行展望。

咖啡渣在高分子复合材料中的应用研究综述

咖啡渣是咖啡冲泡后产生的废弃物,因具有刚性、多孔和生物可降解特性,可用作功能填料,强化或者赋予基材特性。通过文献研究综述了近年来国内外咖啡渣在高分子复合材料领域的应用研究进展。

Rheology and microstructure effects of waste spent coffee grounds in modifying asphalt binder

本文将咖啡萃取后得到的固体废弃物咖啡渣(Spent coffee grounds,SCGs)应用于沥青材料改性中,旨在实现生物基固废材料处理和沥青路面性能提升的双重目的。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、动态剪切流变仪(DSR)和布氏黏度计等技术,证实了咖啡渣在路面材料可持续化发展中具有潜在的应用与推广前景。试验结果表明,咖啡渣改性过程主要基于物理增强作用;与基质沥青相比,合理掺量的咖啡渣改性沥青具有理想的高温稳定性和良好的抗永久变形能力;同时1%和3%掺量的咖啡渣引入有利于增强基质沥青的低温性能。然而,过多咖啡渣的加入可能会对改性沥青的流变性能产生负面影响,这表明改性时应选择合理掺量的咖啡渣改性剂以满足实际性能提升需求。

改性咖啡渣生物炭提升污泥脱水性能的研究

生物炭来源广泛,具有多孔结构和高热值等特征,能够提升污泥脱水性能,同时有利于污泥后续干化和资源化利用。研究了咖啡渣生物炭投加量对污泥脱水性能的影响,确定了生物炭的最佳投加量为40%DS(污泥干重),此时脱水泥饼含水率为90.95%。为进一步提升生物炭调理污泥的脱水性能,利用3种药剂(FeCl_(3)、CaCl_(2)和AlCl_(3))对生物炭进行改性。结果表明,经3 mol/L的FeCl_(3)和CaCl_(2)溶液,以及1 mol/L AlCl_(3)溶液改性的生物炭分别使污泥SRF下降了45.93%,50.58%和41.57%。胞外聚合物(EPS)成分分析表明,经改性生物炭调理后,与脱水性能密切相关的蛋白质含量明显降低。并且,调理污泥脱水泥饼在恒温热干燥过程的前3 min失水率均超过25%,干燥性能较原污泥有明显提升。此外,改性生物炭降低了污泥滤液的浊度、TSS以及VSS/TSS,有利于降低污泥滤液处理的难度。因此,改性生物炭在提升污泥脱水性能方面具有很大的应用潜力。

硅烷偶联剂对咖啡渣的表面改性及其对咖啡渣/聚丙烯木塑复合材料性能的影响

为解决咖啡渣(Spent coffee grounds,SCG)与聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)界面相容性差的问题,研究3种不同类型的硅烷偶联剂改性SCG及其对SCG/PP木塑复合材料性能的影响。以3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(3-aminopropyl trimethoxy-silane,KH540)、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(3-aminopropyl triethoxy-silane,KH550)和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(vinyl trimethoxy-silane,A171)这3种硅烷偶联剂作为表面改性剂,分别对SCG进行表面改性处理,并将改性SCG作为填料,通过熔融共混法制备了SCG/PP木塑复合材料;采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪和视频接触角仪对SCG的微观形貌、官能团特征和亲疏水性进行分析,并通过万能试验机、场发射扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪测试SCG/PP复合材料的力学性能、界面相容性、热稳定性、熔融结晶性能。结果表明:这3种硅烷偶联剂均成功接枝到SCG上,并有效提高了SCG的疏水性,增强了与PP之间的界面结合能力。3种硅烷偶联剂均可提高复合材料的拉伸强度,同时降低断裂伸长率;其中硅烷偶联剂A171改性制备的复合材料综合性能最好,拉伸强度比未经改性处理的SCG/PP复合材料提高48.6%,断裂伸长率仅下降4.4%。该研究可为解决SCG与PP界面相容问题及制备高性能SCG/PP复合材料提供参考。

Spent coffee grounds as a renewable source of energy: An analysis of bulk powder flowability

The main use for spent coffee grounds (SCG) produced in the soluble coffee industry is thermal energy generation in the industry itself. The SCG are processed using operations that are strongly dependent on powder flow behavior. In this study, we evaluated two classical flowability in dices of non-consolidated SCG powders: the angle of repose (AoR), and the Hausner ratio (HR). The influences of the mean particle diameter, particle size distribution (PSD), and water content on the AoR and HR values of SCG were analyzed for powders with a mean particle size range of 225-550 μm. For powders with a mean particle size close to 350 μm and for mixtures containing more than 40% fine particles, the HR (>1.35) and AoR (>45 °) values were characteristic of poor flowability. The AoR was sensitive to the powder PSD, and powders with similar mean particle sizes had higher AoR values when the PSD was larger. For powders w让h water contents up to 50%, the flowability indices were not greatly affected by the water content. A modified linear-mixture packing model was used to predict the packed bed void fractions for binary and ternary mixtures of the three base powders. The model was used to construct a ternary diagram to estimate the HR values of the mixtures. An equation was fitted to correlate HR and AoR. The proposed diagram and the equation provide insight into flow behavior and could be used for process design of industrial plants that handle SCG.

Fabrication of carbonized spent coffee grounds/graphene nanoplates/cyanate ester composites for superior and highly absorbed electromagnetic interference shielding performance

The conductive polymer composites(CPCs) with highly efficient electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding effectiveness(SE) are always accompanied with excessive reflectivity, which would cause serious secondary EMI pollution. In this regard, the significant reduction of EMI reflection of CPCs to alleviate secondary pollution is deemed to be very important. Herein, a promising cyanate ester(CE) based composite was successfully fabricated by compounding carbonized spent coffee grounds(C-SCG) and graphene nanosheets(GNSs) via a facile solution blending followed by a hot-pressing method. Benefiting from the porous structure of C-SCG and the layered structure of GNSs, a three-dimensional(3 D)multi-interface conductive network in the CE was easily constructed. The EMI SE of the resultant 9 wt%C-SCG/CE composite(C9) is 15.38 d B and dramatically enhanced to 31.09 d B with the presence of 3 wt% GNSs. The remarkable enhancement is mainly attributed to the formation of the efficient conductive pathways as well as the well-dispersion of the incorporated fillers. Meanwhile, the absorption-dominated shielding mechanism in the prepared composites gets benefit from the synergistic effect of porous C-SCG and lamellar GNSs, which effectively captures and attenuates electromagnetic waves. These encouraging findings extend the practical applications of porous biocarbon materials in EMI shielding field.

Pyrolytic carbon derived from spent coffee grounds as anode for sodium-ion batteries

This paper reported the facile preparation of pyrolytic carbon derived from spent coffee grounds and the evaluation of its electrochemical performance when used as anode in sodium-ion battery.X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscope,Brunauer–Emmett–Teller were employed to characterize the structure of pyrolytic carbon.Electrochemical performances were tested by constant current charge–discharge,cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Results showed that the pyrolytic carbon possess a porous structure(1–2 lm)and a specific surface area of 94.35 m2 g
1.When used as anodes in sodium-ion batteries,a reversible capacity of 154.2 mA h g
1 at a current density of 200 mA g
1 after 50 cycles was obtained.Several electrolytes were evaluated and their electrochemical performances were compared.The result indicated that this material has excellent storage capacity and good cycling stability.Our method provided a preparation of pyrolytic carbon from environmentally friendly resources.

咖啡副产物作为家畜饲料的饲用价值评价

通过测定咖啡及其副产物的常规营养成分,评价其饲用价值的高低,以期对咖啡副产物的开发利用产生一定的指导作用。结果表明:咖啡壳、咖啡果、咖啡豆的粗蛋白含量在9.54%~13.54%之间,差异不大(P>0.05),都显著高于咖啡渣(P<0.01);粗脂肪含量以咖啡豆最高(4.94%~6.86%),咖啡果次之(3.26%),咖啡渣的粗脂肪含量很低(P<0.01);咖啡渣CF、NDF、ADF和ADL含量显著高于咖啡壳、咖啡果和咖啡豆(P<0.01),而咖啡壳的值最低,反映出其饲用价值最高。这几类原料中,粗灰分、磷含量均以咖啡渣为低(P<0.05),钙含量适中,为0.33%。对于6类原料的RFV(relative feed value,饲料相对值)和GI(grading index,分级指数),两者均以咖啡壳最高,咖啡果次之,咖啡豆居中,而咖啡渣最低。除咖啡豆间稍有差异(P>0.05)外,6类原料的RFV和GI大小依次为:咖啡壳-1(手工剥壳)>咖啡壳-2(机器脱壳)>咖啡果>咖啡豆-1(清洗过)>咖啡豆-2(未清洗)>咖啡渣,对应的RFV分别为420.74、260.09、161.15、117.97、110.94、34.43,GI分别为182.76、105.55、34.44、17.03、18.95、0.55。各原料的DMI、NEL值也以咖啡壳最高,咖啡果次之,再者是咖啡豆,咖啡渣最低,4类原料的饲用价值之间层次分明(P<0.01)。咖啡壳、咖啡果的饲用价值较高,而咖啡渣极低,基本无饲用价值,比稻草还低。建议通过青贮或混贮进行饲料化利用。

咖啡残渣综合利用的研究（Ⅰ）──从咖啡渣中提取咖啡油

利用废咖啡渣制取咖啡油是变废为宝的途径之一．本文通过探讨影响咖啡油得率和品质的诸因素，如溶剂种类和用量、原料干燥程度和粉碎度、提取时间等，得出一系列有价值的结果．

咖啡渣高值化利用研究进展

咖啡渣作为咖啡豆加工后的残渣,因含有油脂、多糖、蛋白质、咖啡因、多酚和绿原酸等有效成分,可经热裂解和化学转化制备生物燃料、生物聚合物、生物吸附剂、抗氧化剂和生物复合材料等高值化产品。本文主要对国内外近年来咖啡渣有效成分及相关转化技术的研究进行了综述,旨在为实现咖啡渣高值利用提供参考。

硅烷改性咖啡渣/PLA复合材料的研究与3D打印应用

近年来,咖啡渣(SCGs)的综合利用正引起广泛关注,特别是作为生物质填料应用在复合材料领域。本研究通过机械处理和硅烷化改性对SCGs的界面特性进行调控,合成了硅烷改性SCGs/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料。通过FTIR、SEM、接触角测试对硅烷改性SCGs的化学结构、微观形貌和浸润性进行表征,并进一步探索了最佳硅烷化改性条件和最佳填料负载量以获得最佳力学性能的复合材料。结果表明,硅烷化改性后SCGs界面特性得以提高;该复合材料具有71.3MPa的拉伸强度和1275MPa的拉伸模量,较PLA材料分别提高了32.23%和12.48%。最后,应用该复合材料制备了四色3D打印线材并打印了实体模型,证明该材料具有适应不同实际应用需要的可能。

可见光促进咖啡渣去除重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的行为及机理

本文考察了在可见光条件下利用咖啡渣去除水体中重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的行为及机理。实验结果表明咖啡渣在可见光照射下能够去除水体中98%的Cr(Ⅵ),其去除Cr(Ⅵ)的表观拟合速率常数(0.0193 min)是避光条件下的8倍。XRD和FT-IR等表征结果表明咖啡渣由大量的木质素及一定量的酚羟基,氨基和羧酸基等官能团物质构成。紫外-可见漫反射光谱和光电流试验证明咖啡渣具有可见光响应能力,在可见光的激发下,咖啡渣固体内部的电子-空穴对快速分离,光电子由价带跃迁到导带,具有还原性的光生电子直接被预吸附在咖啡渣表面的Cr(Ⅵ)离子捕获,从而实现Cr(Ⅵ)的快速还原去除。此外,咖啡渣具有稳定的光响应能力和循环去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力,以及治理含Cr(Ⅵ)工业废水的潜力。该研究揭示了可见光促进咖啡渣高效去除Cr(Ⅵ)的机制,同时为实现咖啡渣的资源化利用提供了一种可行的思路。

废弃咖啡渣提取液对丝织物防紫外线性能的研究

为提高商业废弃咖啡渣的利用率,以废弃咖啡渣为原材料,分别研究不同溶剂对咖啡渣天然染液提取的效果;通过改变染液的pH酸碱度、染色温度、以及染色时间确定最优的真丝织物染色工艺.采用前媒染方法,研究不同媒染剂对真丝织物染色特征值的影响,探究经过染色前后真丝织物抗紫外线性能的变化.研究结果表明:乙酸、NaOH、Na_(2)CO_(3)的加入会提高染料的提取效率并产生明显的深色效应;染色温度70℃,溶液pH酸碱度5.5,染色时间60 min是获得真丝织物理想的染色效果的最佳工艺;绿矾媒染剂的使用会使染色丝织物的颜色更深,织物防紫外线系数UPF值大幅提高,抗紫外线性能提升,染色丝织物的耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度均达到服用标准.

城市污水污泥与咖啡渣的混燃特性分析

利用热重分析法研究了城市污水污泥、咖啡渣在不同气氛及不同混合比例条件下,其单一样及其混合样的燃烧特性,计算了各类综合燃烧特性指数,并对他们的燃烧动力学进行了建模.结果表明,单一污泥样品的燃烧曲线存在3个明显的失重峰,分别对应于水分的析出、挥发分的析出燃烧、难燃有机物及固定碳的燃烧.咖啡渣燃烧则分为挥发分析出及燃烧、挥发分的燃尽和固定碳燃烧两个明显阶段.污泥中混合咖啡渣后,污泥燃烧特性有所改善,其中混合30%咖啡渣后污泥的挥发分释放特性指数D、可燃性指数C、燃尽指数Cb、综合燃烧特性指数S分别增加了1.5、1.0、0.3、1.7倍,与燃烧气氛N_2/O_2相比,污泥和咖啡渣混合试样在CO_2/O_2气氛中燃烧受到了一定的抑制作用.利用Coats-Redfern积分法计算得到不同条件下污泥、咖啡渣及其混合样燃烧的质量平均表观活化能(Em)分别在30.49~36.72 k J·mol^(-1)、63.07~118.90 k J·mol^(-1)、37.80~44.49k J·mol^(-1)范围.可以分别用f(α)=(1-α)0.5、f(α)=(1-α)2描述污泥、咖啡渣及其混合样燃烧的第一挥发分峰前及峰后的燃烧机理.