[Objective] The purpose was to study the optimum composition ratio of compound substrate with spent mushroom compound （SMC） and cattle manure com- post （CMC） for the seedling growth of tomato, cucumber and waterme...[Objective] The purpose was to study the optimum composition ratio of compound substrate with spent mushroom compound （SMC） and cattle manure com- post （CMC） for the seedling growth of tomato, cucumber and watermelon. [Method] With internationally best formula substrate （turf：vermiculite=2：1） used for CK, SMC and CMC were matched according to different proportions to get different substrate whose physical and chemical nutrient properties and their effects on the growth of tomato, cucumber and watermelon were studied by means of plug seeding technolo- gy. [Result] The results showed that the bulk density, porosity and the pH of the compound substrates are all in the ideal condition. However, CMC increased the EC value and the pH of the compound substrates. Compound substrates with high ratio of CMC are not suitable for seedlings. [Conclusion] Tomato and watermelon seedlings grew well in the compost substrate with SMC：CMC=3：1 with no river sand. And the cucumber seedlings grew well in the compost substrate with SMC：CMC=2：1 with 5% volume river sand.展开更多
The spent mushroom compost of Lentinus edodes was used as a biosorbent for adsorbing cadmium, lead and chromium from solutions under batch conditions for the first time. Titration of the biomass revealed that it conta...The spent mushroom compost of Lentinus edodes was used as a biosorbent for adsorbing cadmium, lead and chromium from solutions under batch conditions for the first time. Titration of the biomass revealed that it contained at least three types of functional groups. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometry showed that the carboxyl, phosphoryl, phenolic groups were the main groups. The simulated values of pK, and molar quantity were 5.00 and 0.44 mmol/g, 7.32 and 1.38 mmol/g, 10.45 and 1.44 mmol/g, respectively. The biosorption ability increased with pH in acid condition. When 10 mg/L biomass dosage was added in, there was no significant increment of metal uptake. The maximum uptake estimated with the Langmiur isotherm model were 833.33 mg/g for Cd（ Ⅱ ）, 1000.00 mg/g for Pb（ Ⅱ ） and 44.44 mg/g for Cr（ Ⅲ ）, respectively. All the results showed that vast potential sorption capacity was existed in the biomass for adsorbing these three kinds of metals studied.展开更多
Five agro-industrial residues,their corresponding spent mushroom substrates(SMS),commercial fresh and spent mushroom compost of Agaricus(SMC)and Pleurotus ostreatus(SMS GZ)cultivation,Pleurotus and Agaricus waste(stip...Five agro-industrial residues,their corresponding spent mushroom substrates(SMS),commercial fresh and spent mushroom compost of Agaricus(SMC)and Pleurotus ostreatus(SMS GZ)cultivation,Pleurotus and Agaricus waste(stipes/mishappen mushrooms)were combined and re-utilized as novel substrates for the cultivation of P.ostreatus,P.eryngii and A.bisporus mushrooms.SMSs/SMC were used up to 40%(treatment 1 and 2),while 20%of mushroom waste were added in fresh and spent substrates(treatment 3 and 4).The impact of different substrates on mycelial growth rate and biomass production was examined.Then,Pleurotus spp.were cultivated on the most promising substrates and essential cultivation aspects(earliness,total mushroom yield,biological efficiency-BE)and carposomes’quality parameters(weight,morphological characteristics)were evaluated.Laccase and endoglucanase production by Pleurotus species were also determined at 50 and 100%of colonization stages.All species showed their fastest mycelial growth rate(up to 5 mm/day)on substrates consisted of SMC,whereas many combinations of species/substrate enhanced biomass production.The SMS GZ supplementation positively affected laccase activity;in the cultures of P.ostreatus and P.eryngii the highest values were 62,539 and 17,584 U/g d.w.,respectively.On the contrary,small amounts of endoglucanase were produced(0.007 to 0.322 U/g d.w.);the greatest production was recorded for P.ostreatus at full colonization.Regarding fermentation in bags,significant amount of total mushroom yield was produced in all substrates and those with SMS GZ supported the fastest earliness period and the highest BE for both Pleurotus species.BE values ranged from 54 to 133%for P.ostreatus and from 53 to 121%for P.eryngii.Concerning morphological characteristics,mushroom waste addition seemed to affect them positively.The data included in this paper support the effective re-utilization of different types of SMS and mushroom waste for fungal mass and enzymes’production and for new high quality Pleurotus spp.carposomes.展开更多
基金Supported by Non-profit Industrial Project of Agricultural Ministry--Research and Demonstration of Integrated and Assorted Technological System on Agricultural Clean Production and Recycling Use of Rural Waste(200903011)~~
文摘[Objective] The purpose was to study the optimum composition ratio of compound substrate with spent mushroom compound （SMC） and cattle manure com- post （CMC） for the seedling growth of tomato, cucumber and watermelon. [Method] With internationally best formula substrate （turf：vermiculite=2：1） used for CK, SMC and CMC were matched according to different proportions to get different substrate whose physical and chemical nutrient properties and their effects on the growth of tomato, cucumber and watermelon were studied by means of plug seeding technolo- gy. [Result] The results showed that the bulk density, porosity and the pH of the compound substrates are all in the ideal condition. However, CMC increased the EC value and the pH of the compound substrates. Compound substrates with high ratio of CMC are not suitable for seedlings. [Conclusion] Tomato and watermelon seedlings grew well in the compost substrate with SMC：CMC=3：1 with no river sand. And the cucumber seedlings grew well in the compost substrate with SMC：CMC=2：1 with 5% volume river sand.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.50225926 ,50425927) the Teaching and Research AwardProgramfor Outstanding Youth Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of MOE,China(TRAPOYT) in 2000 ,the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20020532017) andthe Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863) of China(No.2001AA644020 ,2003AA644010 and 2004AA649370)
文摘The spent mushroom compost of Lentinus edodes was used as a biosorbent for adsorbing cadmium, lead and chromium from solutions under batch conditions for the first time. Titration of the biomass revealed that it contained at least three types of functional groups. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometry showed that the carboxyl, phosphoryl, phenolic groups were the main groups. The simulated values of pK, and molar quantity were 5.00 and 0.44 mmol/g, 7.32 and 1.38 mmol/g, 10.45 and 1.44 mmol/g, respectively. The biosorption ability increased with pH in acid condition. When 10 mg/L biomass dosage was added in, there was no significant increment of metal uptake. The maximum uptake estimated with the Langmiur isotherm model were 833.33 mg/g for Cd（ Ⅱ ）, 1000.00 mg/g for Pb（ Ⅱ ） and 44.44 mg/g for Cr（ Ⅲ ）, respectively. All the results showed that vast potential sorption capacity was existed in the biomass for adsorbing these three kinds of metals studied.
文摘Five agro-industrial residues,their corresponding spent mushroom substrates(SMS),commercial fresh and spent mushroom compost of Agaricus(SMC)and Pleurotus ostreatus(SMS GZ)cultivation,Pleurotus and Agaricus waste(stipes/mishappen mushrooms)were combined and re-utilized as novel substrates for the cultivation of P.ostreatus,P.eryngii and A.bisporus mushrooms.SMSs/SMC were used up to 40%(treatment 1 and 2),while 20%of mushroom waste were added in fresh and spent substrates(treatment 3 and 4).The impact of different substrates on mycelial growth rate and biomass production was examined.Then,Pleurotus spp.were cultivated on the most promising substrates and essential cultivation aspects(earliness,total mushroom yield,biological efficiency-BE)and carposomes’quality parameters(weight,morphological characteristics)were evaluated.Laccase and endoglucanase production by Pleurotus species were also determined at 50 and 100%of colonization stages.All species showed their fastest mycelial growth rate(up to 5 mm/day)on substrates consisted of SMC,whereas many combinations of species/substrate enhanced biomass production.The SMS GZ supplementation positively affected laccase activity;in the cultures of P.ostreatus and P.eryngii the highest values were 62,539 and 17,584 U/g d.w.,respectively.On the contrary,small amounts of endoglucanase were produced(0.007 to 0.322 U/g d.w.);the greatest production was recorded for P.ostreatus at full colonization.Regarding fermentation in bags,significant amount of total mushroom yield was produced in all substrates and those with SMS GZ supported the fastest earliness period and the highest BE for both Pleurotus species.BE values ranged from 54 to 133%for P.ostreatus and from 53 to 121%for P.eryngii.Concerning morphological characteristics,mushroom waste addition seemed to affect them positively.The data included in this paper support the effective re-utilization of different types of SMS and mushroom waste for fungal mass and enzymes’production and for new high quality Pleurotus spp.carposomes.
