SAS与SDS在胎儿异常引产孕妇中的适用性研究

目的探讨焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表在胎儿异常引产孕妇中的适用性。方法采用一般资料问卷、焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表对70例因胎儿异常住院引产的孕妇进行调查,利用项目分析、临床问卷症状归因等分析两量表的适用性。结果在该调查人群中,焦虑和抑郁的发生率分别为15.7%和17.1%。焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表的Cronbach’sɑ系数分别为0.852和0.895,但项目分析中两量表均有部分条目的条目总分相关性较低或删除后Cronbach’sα系数增大。根据临床症状归因和临床观察,量表中测评的焦虑和抑郁的多项症状如疲乏、尿频、睡眠障碍等在该类孕妇是由心理、生理、环境等多因素作用。结论胎儿异常引产孕妇的焦虑和抑郁水平较高,焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表在胎儿异常引产孕妇中的适用性值得怀疑。

赤峰地区男性不育患者Y染色体微缺失的检测分析

目的:探讨赤峰地区男性不育患者Y染色体微缺失的检测效果。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年7月赤峰学院附属医院收治的男性不育患者150例为研究对象,结合诊断结果将其分为初诊不孕不育组、精子状态异常组、睾丸发育异常组,各50例。三组患者均进行Y染色体微缺失检测。比较三组检测结果。结果:睾丸发育异常组患者的Y染色体微缺失率高于初诊不孕不育组、精子状态异常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AZFa位点、AZFb位点的缺失例数是0,AZFc位点的缺失例数是16例,AZFbc位点的缺失例数是1例,AZFabc位点的缺失例数是1例;初诊不孕不育组、精子状态异常组、睾丸发育异常组的缺失位点均以AZFc为主。结论:初诊不孕不育、精子状态异常、睾丸发育异常患者容易出现Y染色体AZFc位点缺失现象。

miR-199-5p regulates spermiogenesis at the posttranscriptional level via targeting Tekt1 in allotriploid crucian carp

Background:Sperm abnormalities are one of the primary factors leading to male sterility,but their pathogenesis is still unclear.Although miRNAs are suggested to exert important roles in the regulation of spermatogenesis at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels,little is currently known regarding the regulation of sperm flagella assembly by microRNAs(miRNAs).The role of miRNAs in the development of sperm abnormalities in sterile triploid fish has not been studied.Results:In this study,we found that miR-199-5p was widely expressed in all detected tissues of different-ploidy crucian carp.As one of the testis-specific candidate markers,Tekt1 was predominantly expressed in the testis.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analyses showed that the expression trend of miR-199-5p was exactly opposite to that of Tekt1.Through bioinformatics analysis,we identified a putative miR-199-5p binding site in the Tekt1 mRNA.We further identified Tekt1 as a target of miR-199-5p using luciferase reporter assay.Finally,we confirmed that miR-199-5p was necessary for sperm flagellar assembly and spermatogenesis in vivo via intraperitoneal injection of miR-199-5p antagomir or agomir in diploid red crucian carp.Moreover,miR-199-5p gainof-function could lead to spermatids apoptosis and abnormal spermatozoa structure,which is similar to that of allotriploid crucian carp.Conclusions:Our studies suggested that abnormally elevated miR-199-5p inhibited the sperm flagella formation in spermiogenesis by negatively regulating the expression of Tekt1,thereby causing sperm abnormalities of male allotriploid crucian carp.

Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid induced sperm abnormalities and histopathological changes in mice

Objective: To explore the genotoxic potential and histopathological changes induced in liver, kidney, testis, brain and heart after using the antibiotic drug amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(4:1).Methods: The study included chromosomal aberration analysis in bone-marrow and mouse spermatocytes, induction of sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. The drug was administrated orally at a dose of81 mg/kg body weight twice daily(Total = 162 mg/kg/day) for various periods of time equivalent to 625 mg/men(twice daily).Results: The results revealed non-significant chromosomal aberrations induced after treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(AC) in both bone marrow and mouse spermatocytes after 7 and 10 days treatment. On the other hand, statistically significant percentages of sperm morphological abnormalities were recorded. Such percentage reached 8.10 ± 0.55, 9.86 ± 0.63 and 12.12 ± 0.58 at the three time intervals tested(7, 14 and 35 days after the 1 st treatment respectively)(treatment performed for 5 successive days) compared with 2.78 ± 0.48 for the control. The results also revealed histopathological changes in different body organs after AC treatment which increased with the prolongation of the period of therapy. Congestion of central vain, liver hemorrhage and hydropic changes in hepatocytes were noticed in the liver. Degenerative changes were found in kidney glomerulus and tubules while testis showed atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and reduction of spermatogenesis. AC also induced neurotoxicity and altered brain neurotransmitter levels. Hemorrhage in the myocardium, disruption of cardiac muscle fibers and pyknotic nuclei in cardiomyocytes were recorded as side effects of AC in heart tissue.Conclusions: The results concluded that AC treatment induced sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. Clinicians must be aware of such results while describing the drug.

TCM TREATMENT OF MALE INFERTILITY DUE TO SEMINAL ABNORMALITY A Clinical Observation of 82 Cases

82 male patients of infertility due toseminal abnormality were treated by Ju JingPowder(聚精散)with a total effective rate of85.4%.The sperm density in seminal fluid,the total sperm number in a single ejaculationand the activity rate of sperms markedly im-proved as compared with those before treat-ment(P【0.01),especially the grading ofsperm motility.

Sperm defects and infertility caused by bacterial infection of the reproductive tract in an adult male dog: A case report

Cases of acquired infertility in dogs often have poor prognosis and can be frustrating to clinicians in canine practice. In this case, a 3.5-year-old male Caucasian dog was presented for infertility evaluation. He had no record of successful breeding despite being mated with multiple bitches over a two-year period. Breeding soundness examination was performed including history evaluation, general physical and reproductive system examination, hematology, libido determination, and semen collection, evaluation and screening for infectious organisms. The presence of copious growth of bacteria (Escherichia coli) in conjunction with significant sperm abnormalities and leucospermia was applied to diagnose infertility due to a sub-chronic or chronic bacterial infection of the reproductive tract. Bacterial infection caused significant sperm abnormalities including low sperm motility, increased number of dead sperm and sperm with structural abnormalities such as detached heads, fractured necks, looped tails and coiled tails. Treatment was effected by administering ciprofloxacin orally for 4 weeks.

Sperm collection in Black-legged Kittiwakes and characterization of sperm velocity and morphology

Background:Collecting and studying live sperm is central to many important fields of biology.Yet,a simple method to collect live sperm is lacking in wild seabird species.Here,we describe a non?invasive method to collect viable sperm samples based on a simple massage technique applied to male Black?legged Kittiwakes(Rissa tridactyla).Methods:We studied a colony breeding at Kongsfjorden,Svalbard and successfully obtained sperm samples from 32 males.With a subset of samples(n = 12 males),we compared the suitability of several extenders(0.9% NaCl,PBS,Earle's balance salt solution,Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium) in maintaining sperm alive long enough for analyses.With another 18 ejaculates,we conducted computer assisted sperm analyses using the CASA plugin for ImageJ.We provide details about the settings to be used for such analyses.Lastly,droplets from 20 ejaculates were smeared on glass slides and preserved with formalin to characterize sperm morphology in terms of total sperm length,sperm head length,midpiece length and flagellum length,and percentage of abnormal sperm.Results:With this method and under field conditions,we were able to obtain sufficient amounts of live sperm to assess traits related to sperm quality(e.g.sperm morphology,percentage of motile sperm,sperm velocity).We found that two extenders,Earle's balanced salt solution and Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium,yielded similarly good results.Additionally,we investigated whether specific behaviours were associated with successful sperm collection and whether sperm collection success depended on how long before laying sperm collection was attempted.Finally,we provide mean values for sperm morphology,sperm swimming ability and percentage of motile sperm,which may prove useful for future comparative analyses,and we report high levels of sperm abnormality and within?ejaculate variation in sperm morphology.Conclusions:We discuss the high percentage of abnormal sperm and high within?ejaculate variation in sperm morphology in light of sperm competition theory and conclude that these figures are likely due to relaxed post?cop?ulatory sexual selection,kittiwakes being strictly monogamous.Finally,we suggest that this method could be applied to other seabird species sharing similar ecology.

不育男性精子HDS与精子DFI、精子形态的相关性及其对IVF结局的影响

目的:探讨男性不育患者精子高可染性指数(HDS)与精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)、精子畸形的相关性及其对体外受精(IVF)结局的影响,评估精子HDS的临床价值。方法:采用流式细胞仪辅助的精子染色质结构分析法(SCSA)检测322个仅因女方输卵管因素行IVF助孕周期的不育男性精子DFI、HDS,根据精子HDS值进行分组,比较各组精液常规参数、精子畸形率、精子DFI以及IVF受精率、卵裂率、优胚率及妊娠结局的差异。结果:322例不育男性中精子HDS值0~<5%、5~<10%、10~<15%、15~<20%、≥20%分别为119例(36.96%)、117例(36.34%)、50例(15.53%)、23例(7.14%)、13例(4.03%),随着精子HDS升高、精子浓度、精子活率、精子前向运动率下降,但无统计学差异(P>0.05),精子DFI、精子畸形率与精子HDS呈正相关(r=0.236,r=0.203);IVF受精率、优胚率、妊娠率随着HDS增高而下降,但无统计学差异(P>0.05);当HDS>10%时,早期流产率显著升高。结论:精子HDS可能是导致精子DFI、精子畸形的风险指标,HDS可作为IVF早期流产的预测指标。

畜禽精子活力调控基因的研究进展

精液品质决定着畜禽受精率和繁殖效率,是影响畜禽生产效益的重要因素。精子活力指精液中直线向前运动精子的百分率,是畜禽精液品质最重要的评价指标之一。提高精子活力是改善精液品质的关键。精子活力是受多基因多通路共同调控的复杂性状,为中高遗传力性状,因此遗传改良成为提高精子活力的有效途径。相比传统的遗传改良手段,基因编辑和分子标记辅助选择等育种新技术具有效率高、目的性强、周期短的特点,为畜禽育种提供了全新机遇。目前,已知影响畜禽精子活力的基因数量有限,限制了育种新技术在精子活力遗传改良工作中的应用。因此,鉴定调控畜禽精子活力的关键基因是育种工作的重要环节。基因主要从精子结构和功能两方面调控精子活力,包括对精子结构缺陷、能量代谢、离子通道、DNA完整性、精液成分等方面的调控。文章介绍了在精子结构和功能两方面调控精子活力的功能基因,概述了其作用机制和研究进展,旨在为畜禽精子活力相关的分子育种工作提供参考。

低离心力对正常及不液化精液精子形态分析结果的影响分析

目的探讨低离心力对正常精液与不液化精液精子形态分析结果的影响。方法收集2021年1月至12月在解放军联勤保障部队第904医院生殖中心进行精液常规检查与精子形态学检查的169例患者作为研究对象,其中126例为精液常规检查正常患者,43例为精液不液化患者。比较126例正常精液采用直接涂片与两种不同低离心力下离心处理所得精子形态学分析结果差异;比较43例不液化精液采用促液化后直接涂片与离心处理所得精子形态学结果差异。结果正常精液标本340×g离心10 min所得的正常形态精子百分率[(9.39±0.50)%]较直接涂片法[(11.08±0.41)%]显著降低,所得精子中段异常率[(62.05±1.44)%]较直接涂片法[(57.17±0.82)%]显著增加;151×g离心10 min所得的正常形态精子百分率[(9.41±0.57)%]亦较直接涂片法显著降低,所得精子中段异常率[(60.95±1.17)%]亦较直接涂片法显著增加。对于不液化精液标本,340×g离心10 min所得的正常形态精子百分率[(9.61±0.60)%]与促液化后直接涂片法[(11.10±0.73)%]差异无统计学意义,所得精子中段异常率[(60.21±1.51)%]与促液化后直接涂片法[(57.36±1.34)%]差异无统计学意义。结论两种低离心力均对精子形态学造成影响。离心力对不液化精液无显著影响。检查精子形态学的临床应用中应参考男性精液性质决定是否离心以及离心力大小。

荚膜甲基球菌蛋白遗传毒性研究和被动皮肤过敏试验

荚膜甲基球菌蛋白(Methylococcus capsulatus bacteria meal,MBM)拟开发为新饲料原料。本研究旨在通过遗传毒性研究和被动过敏试验评价其毒理学安全性,为其未来的应用奠定基础。本研究包括四个试验:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变(Ames)试验采用平板掺入法,每皿剂量在0.625~10.000 mg范围内,采用TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102和TA1535五种菌株进行回复突变试验;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验均设2500、5000、10000 mg/kg三个MBM剂量组,微核试验采用30 h两次给药法,精子畸形试验连续染毒5 d,分别在既定的时间采样制片;大鼠被动皮肤过敏试验设250、500、1000 mg/kg三个MBM剂量组,制备抗血清后背部皮内注射致敏,24 h和/或48 h后进行抗原激发,考察蓝色反应斑直径。所有试验均根据要求设置阴性、阳性对照组。结果表明:在有或无代谢活化系统结果(S9)时,MBM的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变(Ames)试验结果均为阴性;小鼠骨髓细胞微核和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠皮肤被动过敏试验结果为阴性。说明在设置的试验系统和剂量下MBM未显示遗传毒性和潜在的致敏性。

A novel homozygous frameshift variant in DNAH8 causes multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella in a consanguineous Pakistani family

Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella(MMAF)is a severe form of asthenozoospermia categorized by immotile spermatozoa with abnormal flagella in ejaculate.Whole-exome sequencing(WES)is used to detect pathogenic variants in patients with MMAF.In this study,a novel homozygous frameshift variant(c.6158_6159insT)in dynein axonemal heavy chain 8(DNAH8)from two infertile brothers with MMAF in a consanguineous Pakistani family was identified by WES.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)confirmed DNAH8 mRNA decay in these patients with the DNAH8 mutation.Hematoxylin–eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed highly divergent morphology and ultrastructure of sperm flagella in these patients.Furthermore,an immunofluorescence assay showed the absence of DNAH8 and a reduction in its associated protein DNAH17 in the patients'spermatozoa.Collectively,our study expands the phenotypic spectrum of patients with DNAH8-related MMAF worldwide.

特殊类型畸精子症行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射的治疗结局分析

目的:特殊类型畸精子症是男性不育中罕见病和单基因遗传疾病,本文探讨其卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)的治疗结局。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2021年1月于江苏省人民医院生殖医学中心实施ICSI治疗的特殊类型畸精子症患者,根据精子形态分为三组(圆头精子症、无头精子症和精子鞭毛多发形态异常),三组患者基因检测均发现致病或可能致病的基因突变。比较三组患者间的临床和实验室数据(年龄、BMI、精子参数、成熟卵子数、受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、活产率和自然流产率)差异。结果:三组共34对患者夫妇,三组患者间年龄,BMI,MII卵子数差别无统计学意义(P>0.05),圆头精子症的精子浓度和精子活力显著高于其他两组(P<0.01),圆头精子症组的受精率显著低于其他两组(P<0.01)。三组共34个取卵周期,其中4个取卵周期未形成可移植胚胎,形成可移植胚胎的30个取卵周期在第一个胚胎移植周期中获得22例临床妊娠,最终活产20例,自然流产2例。无头精子症和精子鞭毛多发形态异常两组的临床妊娠率和活产率显著高于圆头精子症组(P<0.01),三组间自然流产率没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:圆头精子症患者实施人工卵母细胞激活依然有部分患者完全不受精或受精率低下。精子鞭毛多发形态异常和无头精子症患者可以通过ICSI取得相对较好的妊娠结局。

Aberrant protamination in sperm correlates to anomalous nuclear and cytoplasmic architectures in infertile males with sperm dysmorphology

Aberrant sperm protamination is linked to sperm dysmorphology and nuclear chromatin condensation.Yet,its effects on sperm cytoplasmic maturation remain largely unexplored.The relationships of protamines,sperm morphology,DNA damage,and cytoplasmic remodeling were illustrated in this study to provide fresh perspectives on the mechanisms of male infertility.A total of 205 infertile males were allocated into 5 groups according to the percentage of spermatozoa exhibiting abnormal morphology within their samples.Sperm concentration,motility,abnormal sperm morphology,cytoplasmic droplets(CDs),and excess residual cytoplasm(ERC)were analyzed according to the World Health Organization manual(2010).Sperm nuclear vacuoles(NVs)were determined by propidium iodide(PI)staining.Sperm protamine expressions(P1 and P2)were detected by western blot.DNA damage was measured by acridine orange test(AOT)to calculate the proportion of sperm with single-strand DNA breaks(SSBs).Our data showed that sperm concentration and motility in infertile males significantly decreased with the severity of abnormal sperm morphology(both P<0.01).P1 level,P1/P2 ratio,and SSB rate increased with the severity of sperm dysmorphology,whilst the P2 level decreased(all P<O.01).NVs,CDs,and ERC were more common in males with sperm dysmorphology and positively correlated with the SSB rate(all P<O.01).The relationships between the SSB rate and the P1/P2 ratio were also significant(P<0.01).Aberrant protamination may cause sperm dysmorphology and compromise male fertility by impairing sperm's nucleus and cytoplasm maturation,with the P1/P2 ratio potentially serving as a valuable indicator of sperm quality and male fertility.

乙烯利体内致突变性研究

为测定乙烯利对人体健康的影响,采用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验分别检测了乙烯利对小鼠体细胞和生殖细胞的致突变性。3个实验组的微核发生率(6.13‰、9.13‰、11.25‰)与阴性对照组(2.88‰)比较,差异极显著(P<0.01),且存在一定的剂量-反应关系。各剂量组精子畸形率(39.6‰、50.4‰、49.6‰)与对照组(38.6‰)比较,中、高剂量组存在明显差异(P<0.05)。表明乙烯利对体细胞和生殖细胞有致突变性。

甲醛对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性

目的 研究甲醛对小鼠睾丸生殖细胞的一般毒性及对睾丸组织中山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)活性的影响。方法 选用雄性昆明种小鼠为研究对象。甲醛染毒剂量分别为0.20、2.00、20.00 mg/kg。采用腹腔注射染毒5 d,观察睾丸组织的病理改变及SDH活性;进行精子计数并观察精子头畸形。结果 甲醛导致小鼠生殖细胞变性,坏死;随染毒剂量增加,精子数减少(P<0.01),精子头畸形率升高(r=0.953,P<0.01);睾丸组织中SDH的活性降低(P<0.01)。结论 甲醛具有小鼠生殖细胞毒性,SDH是甲醛生殖细胞损伤的生物效应标志物,精子头畸形率是判断环境中甲醛对生殖细胞一般毒性及其遗传物质损伤的检测指标。

稀土元素铈(Ce)对雄性小鼠精子畸形率和血清睾酮分泌的影响

研究两种剂量铈和两种染毒方法对雄性小鼠性腺的影响。结果发现 2 0 0和 80 0mg·kg-1·d-1的铈随饲料摄入 ,雄性小鼠精子畸形率均显著高于对照 ,且与摄入时间和剂量呈依赖性关系 ,后期 (30和 45d)尤为明显 ;小鼠睾丸重略有下降 ,但差异不显著。以铈 2 0 0mg·kg-1腹腔注射急性染毒 ,对小鼠睾酮分泌有一定的影响 ,小鼠血清睾酮浓度较对照为低 ;而以 2 0 0和 80 0mg·kg-1·d-1剂量随饲料摄入 (4 5d)的小鼠 。

黄芪注射液对镉诱导大鼠精子畸形的拮抗作用

目的 :观察黄芪注射液拮抗氯化镉诱导的大鼠精子畸形作用。 方法 :将 30只SD雄性大鼠随机分成 5组 :低浓度黄芪组 (A1)、高浓度黄芪组 (A2 )、环磷酰胺组 (CP)、氯化镉组 (Cd)和对照组 (C)。预先连续 7d分别给A1组和A2 组大鼠腹腔黄芪注射液 5g/ (kg·d)和 10g/ (kg·d) ,Cd组和CP组大鼠分别腹腔注射等量蒸馏水作对照 ,之后连续 2 1dA1组、A2 组和Cd组大鼠分别同时腹腔注射氯化镉溶液 [0 .2mg/ (kg·d) ]。CP组大鼠给予 5 0mg/ (kg·d)腹腔注射染镉后第 2 2d处死大鼠 ,观察睾丸脏器系数、精子头计数、每日精子生成量、附睾尾精子计数和畸形率以及睾丸和附睾病理学。 结果 :A2 组睾丸脏器系数、睾丸精子头计数、每日精子生成量和附睾精子计数 [(5 .6 8±1.19)、(4 9.0 1± 8.78)× 10 6/g、(10 .2 5± 2 .30 )× 10 6/ (g·d)、(4 7.5 1± 2 2 .5 1)× 10 6/ml]明显高于Cd组 [(3.11± 0 .16 )、(37.5 9± 10 .6 3)× 10 6/g、(5 .31± 0 .32 )× 10 6/ (g·d)、(10 .89± 2 .4 5 )× 10 6/ml](P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;A2 组大鼠精子畸形率 [(7.0 4± 0 .12 ) % ]明显下降 ,与Cd组 [(17.81± 1.5 5 ) % ]相比 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。 结论 :黄芪注射液可拮抗氯化镉对生殖系统的损害作用 。

桑黄菌质多糖体外抑瘤及抗环磷酰胺致突变的作用

采用MTT法研究桑黄固态发酵菌质多糖(PISPS)对肝癌细胞(HepG-2)、乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)生长的抑制作用,测定出多糖对细胞生长的最高抑制率为59.18%、55.39%,半数抑制浓度为196.9、162.5μg/mL,且随药物浓度的增加抑制率有增大的趋势,与正常组比较作用较为显著(P<0.05);选用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验,对多糖的抗环磷酰胺(CP)致突变作用进行评价,结果表明桑黄菌质多糖使环磷酰胺诱发的细胞微核率和精子畸形率明显降低(P<0.01).

苦参素对小鼠的急性毒性和外周血红细胞微核和精子畸变试验

背景与目的 :研究苦参素的急性毒性及遗传毒性。材料与方法 :采用LD50 试验 ,外周血微核试验与精子畸变试验 ,按体重随机分为五组 ,以腹腔注射 (i.p)方式给药。结果 :小鼠苦参素的LD50 为(505±31)mg/kg。外周血24hPCE、48hPCE微核率显示 :1/2LD50、1/4LD50、1/8LD50 组与阴性对照组相比均有统计学意义 ,且有一定的剂量反应关系。精子畸变试验中1/2LD50 组的畸变率与阴性对照组相比有统计学意义 ,1/4LD50、1/8LD50 组与阴性对照组相比无统计学意义。结论 :苦参素基本属低毒类药物 。