An average human ejaculate contains over 100 million sperm, but only a few succeed in accomplishing the journey to an egg by migration through the female reproductive tract. Among these few sperm, only one participate...An average human ejaculate contains over 100 million sperm, but only a few succeed in accomplishing the journey to an egg by migration through the female reproductive tract. Among these few sperm, only one participates in fertilization. There might be an ingenious molecular mechanism to ensure that the very best sperm fertilize an egg. However, recent gene disruption experiments in mice have revealed that many factors previously described as important for fertilization are largely dispensable. One could argue that the fertilization mechanism is made robust against gene disruptions. However, this is not likely, as there are already six different gene-disrupted mouse lines （Calmegin, Adam Ia, Adam2, Adam3, Ace and Pgapl）, all of which result in male sterility. The sperm from these animals are known to have defective zona-binding ability and at the same time lose oviduct-migrating ability. Concerning spermzona binding, the widely accepted involvement of sugar moiety on zona pellucida 3 （ZP3） is indicated to be dispensable by gene disruption experiments. Thus, the landscape of the mechanism of fertilization is revolving considerably. In the sperm-egg fusion process, CD9 on egg and IZUMO1 on sperm have emerged as essential factors. This review focuses on the mechanism of fertilization elucidated by gene-manipulated animals.展开更多
受精是一个复杂的过程,其中精卵融合是受精过程的关键步骤。本文详细阐述精卵质膜融合过程中精子膜上相关蛋白成分,如:Izumo蛋白、ADAMs(a distintegrin and metalloprotease)基因家族蛋白、富含半胱氨酸分泌蛋白(Crisp)基因家族蛋白的...受精是一个复杂的过程,其中精卵融合是受精过程的关键步骤。本文详细阐述精卵质膜融合过程中精子膜上相关蛋白成分,如:Izumo蛋白、ADAMs(a distintegrin and metalloprotease)基因家族蛋白、富含半胱氨酸分泌蛋白(Crisp)基因家族蛋白的作用。这对于深入了解精卵融合的机制,提高临床上男性不育的诊治水平,并对避孕药物的研制具有现实意义。展开更多
精卵融合是受精过程中最为重要的步骤。目前公认IZUMO1、JUNO和CD9(cluster of differentiation antigen 9)为精卵融合的必需蛋白质,其中IZUMO1与JUNO在精卵识别时会形成复合体。有研究表明IZUMO1、JUNO和CD9主要参与精卵融合最初的黏...精卵融合是受精过程中最为重要的步骤。目前公认IZUMO1、JUNO和CD9(cluster of differentiation antigen 9)为精卵融合的必需蛋白质,其中IZUMO1与JUNO在精卵识别时会形成复合体。有研究表明IZUMO1、JUNO和CD9主要参与精卵融合最初的黏附过程,且它们之间是相互关联发挥作用的。近年来由于X射线晶体学相关技术的发展,IZUMO1-JUNO晶体结构基本被阐明,然而精卵融合的具体分子机制仍未被完全揭示。所以,对哺乳动物精卵融合必需蛋白质IZUMO1-JUNO/CD9的结构、功能和分子机制进行阐述是十分必要的。展开更多
目的:探讨CD9(cluster of differentiation9)、CPI-AP(glycosylphosphatidy-linositol anchored proteins)在卵母细胞膜表面的表达及其在精卵融合过程中的作用。方法:用免疫组化法测定CD9和GPI锚定蛋白在正常和未受精卵细胞膜上的表达,...目的:探讨CD9(cluster of differentiation9)、CPI-AP(glycosylphosphatidy-linositol anchored proteins)在卵母细胞膜表面的表达及其在精卵融合过程中的作用。方法:用免疫组化法测定CD9和GPI锚定蛋白在正常和未受精卵细胞膜上的表达,通过加入单克隆抗体观察其对受精率的影响,并计算阳性表达率与受精率的关系。结果:①CD9、GPI-AP主要在正常卵母细胞表面表达,在未受精卵母细胞呈低表达,CD9及GPI-AP在正常卵母细胞膜表面的阳性表达率(70.0%,63.3%)明显高于未受精卵母细胞膜表面的阳性表达率(24.0%,28.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。②随着CD9及GPI-AP单克隆抗体的浓度增加,受精率显著下降,提示CD9在精卵融合中起着重要的作用,且呈剂量依赖性。③受精率与卵母细胞表面CD9、GPI-AP阳性表达率具有相关性(P<0.05)。结论:CD9、GPI-AP在精卵融合过程中起重要作用,其检测对精卵融合的发生有预测意义。展开更多
文摘An average human ejaculate contains over 100 million sperm, but only a few succeed in accomplishing the journey to an egg by migration through the female reproductive tract. Among these few sperm, only one participates in fertilization. There might be an ingenious molecular mechanism to ensure that the very best sperm fertilize an egg. However, recent gene disruption experiments in mice have revealed that many factors previously described as important for fertilization are largely dispensable. One could argue that the fertilization mechanism is made robust against gene disruptions. However, this is not likely, as there are already six different gene-disrupted mouse lines （Calmegin, Adam Ia, Adam2, Adam3, Ace and Pgapl）, all of which result in male sterility. The sperm from these animals are known to have defective zona-binding ability and at the same time lose oviduct-migrating ability. Concerning spermzona binding, the widely accepted involvement of sugar moiety on zona pellucida 3 （ZP3） is indicated to be dispensable by gene disruption experiments. Thus, the landscape of the mechanism of fertilization is revolving considerably. In the sperm-egg fusion process, CD9 on egg and IZUMO1 on sperm have emerged as essential factors. This review focuses on the mechanism of fertilization elucidated by gene-manipulated animals.
文摘受精是一个复杂的过程,其中精卵融合是受精过程的关键步骤。本文详细阐述精卵质膜融合过程中精子膜上相关蛋白成分,如:Izumo蛋白、ADAMs(a distintegrin and metalloprotease)基因家族蛋白、富含半胱氨酸分泌蛋白(Crisp)基因家族蛋白的作用。这对于深入了解精卵融合的机制,提高临床上男性不育的诊治水平,并对避孕药物的研制具有现实意义。
文摘精卵融合是受精过程中最为重要的步骤。目前公认IZUMO1、JUNO和CD9(cluster of differentiation antigen 9)为精卵融合的必需蛋白质,其中IZUMO1与JUNO在精卵识别时会形成复合体。有研究表明IZUMO1、JUNO和CD9主要参与精卵融合最初的黏附过程,且它们之间是相互关联发挥作用的。近年来由于X射线晶体学相关技术的发展,IZUMO1-JUNO晶体结构基本被阐明,然而精卵融合的具体分子机制仍未被完全揭示。所以,对哺乳动物精卵融合必需蛋白质IZUMO1-JUNO/CD9的结构、功能和分子机制进行阐述是十分必要的。
文摘目的:探讨CD9(cluster of differentiation9)、CPI-AP(glycosylphosphatidy-linositol anchored proteins)在卵母细胞膜表面的表达及其在精卵融合过程中的作用。方法:用免疫组化法测定CD9和GPI锚定蛋白在正常和未受精卵细胞膜上的表达,通过加入单克隆抗体观察其对受精率的影响,并计算阳性表达率与受精率的关系。结果:①CD9、GPI-AP主要在正常卵母细胞表面表达,在未受精卵母细胞呈低表达,CD9及GPI-AP在正常卵母细胞膜表面的阳性表达率(70.0%,63.3%)明显高于未受精卵母细胞膜表面的阳性表达率(24.0%,28.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。②随着CD9及GPI-AP单克隆抗体的浓度增加,受精率显著下降,提示CD9在精卵融合中起着重要的作用,且呈剂量依赖性。③受精率与卵母细胞表面CD9、GPI-AP阳性表达率具有相关性(P<0.05)。结论:CD9、GPI-AP在精卵融合过程中起重要作用,其检测对精卵融合的发生有预测意义。
