Effects of interleukin-10 treated macrophages on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway

BACKGROUND Alveolar bone defects caused by inflammation are an urgent issue in oral implant surgery that must be solved.Regulating the various phenotypes of macrophages to enhance the inflammatory environment can significantly affect the progression of diseases and tissue engineering repair process.AIM To assess the influence of interleukin-10(IL-10)on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)following their interaction with macrophages in an inflammatory environment.METHODS IL-10 modulates the differentiation of peritoneal macrophages in Wistar rats in an inflammatory environment.In this study,we investigated its impact on the proliferation,migration,and osteogenesis of BMSCs.The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and its activated form,phos-phorylated-STAT3,were examined in IL-10-stimulated macrophages.Subsequently,a specific STAT3 signaling inhibitor was used to impede STAT3 signal activation to further investigate the role of STAT3 signaling.RESULTS IL-10-stimulated macrophages underwent polarization to the M2 type through substitution,and these M2 macrophages actively facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.Mechanistically,STAT3 signaling plays a crucial role in the process by which IL-10 influences macrophages.Specifically,IL-10 stimulated the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and reduced the macrophage inflammatory response,as evidenced by its diminished impact on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.CONCLUSION Stimulating macrophages with IL-10 proved effective in improving the inflammatory environment and promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.The IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator in the macrophage-mediated control of BMSCs’osteogenic differentiation.

Spherical-Cymbal换能器位移特性有限元分析

提出了一种新型的Spherical-Cymbal压电复合换能器,Spherical-Cymbal换能器由厚度方向极化的压电陶瓷薄圆片夹持在两个球形金属端帽之间制成,每个金属端帽内表面均有一个浅球冠形空腔,球形金属端帽起机械放大作用,它将压电陶瓷薄圆片的微小径向位移转换并放大为垂直其表面的较大的轴向位移。分析了影响Spherical-Cymbal换能器轴向位移性能的几何因素及物理因素,采用ANSYS软件对Spherical-Cymbal换能器位移特性进行了仿真。

基于正交实验的Spherical-cymbal换能器谐振频率优化

基于板壳振动理论建立了spherical-cymbal换能器谐振频率近似模型,为得到该换能器在约束条件下的最低谐振频率,采用正交实验法对其进行了优化设计,找出了各设计因素对spherical-cymbal换能器谐振频率影响的主次顺序,得到了约束条件下各设计因素的最佳水平。在各设计因素最佳水平综合搭配下,优化的spherical-cymbal换能器的谐振频率达到最小值19.004 k Hz,完全满足设计目标要求。对最优方案样品的一阶谐振频率进行了测试,实测谐振频率均值为19.27 kHz,相对误差1.4%,表明设计方案是正确合理的。

Spherical-cymbal换能器静水压性能研究

对Spherical-cymbal换能器的静水压性能进行了研究。采用有限元法计算了该换能器在静水压下的米塞斯等效应力,找出了其所能承受的极限静水压。研究了金属端帽几何尺寸及端帽材料对Spherical-cymbal换能器耐压极限的影响,结果表明,空腔深度、端帽厚度及端帽材料对该换能器耐压性能影响显著;对比研究表明,参考尺寸下的Spherical-cymbal换能器比传统Cymbal换能器具有更高的耐压极限。

Spherical-Cymbal换能器端帽自由胀形过程建模

为掌握Spherical-Cymbal换能器端帽自由胀形的成形规律,在端帽材料选定、几何尺寸(包括外径D、空腔底部直径dc和厚度te)及胀形压边力不变且线性加载等约束条件下,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对几种不同加载终压P下端帽的自由胀形成形过程进行了数值模拟。通过非线性曲线拟合分别得到了加载后端帽中心高度与加载终压(HP-P)、卸载回弹量与加载终压(ΔH-P)及卸载后端帽中心高度与加载终压(H-P)之间关系的数学模型。实验结果表明,在以上约束条件下,所建数学模型揭示了Spherical-Cymbal换能器端帽的自由胀形成形规律,可用于指导实际生产。

Spherical-Cymbal换能器位移特性研究

提出了一种新型高位移性能的球冠钹型(Spherical-Cymbal)压电复合换能器。Spherical-Cymbal换能器由厚度方向极化的压电陶瓷薄圆片夹持在两个球形金属端帽间制成,每个金属端帽内表面均有一个浅球冠形空腔,球形金属端帽起机械放大作用,它将压电陶瓷薄圆片的微小径向位移转换并放大为垂直其表面的较大的轴向位移。在变形假设条件下,建立了Spherical-Cymbal换能器的位移简化模型。数值计算结果表明,Spherical-Cymbal换能器比钹型(Cymbal)换能器具有更好的位移特性,某给定几何尺寸Spherical-Cymbal换能器的轴向位移是无端帽压电陶瓷薄圆片轴向位移的43.7倍,是相同尺寸Cymbal换能器轴向位移的1.1倍。

Genetic Algorithm-Based Estimation of Nonlinear Transducer

This paper describes an innovative, genetic algorithm based inverse model of nonlinear transducer. In the inverse modeling, using a genetic algorithm, the unknown coefficients of the model are estimated accurately. The simulation results indicate that this technique provides greater flexibility and suitability than the existing methods. It is very easy to modify the nonlinear transducer on line. Thus the method improves the transducer's accuracy. With the help of genetic algorithm (GA), the model coefficients' training are less likely to be trapped in local minima than traditional gradient based search algorithms.

Spherical-cymbal换能器端帽自由胀形回弹预测与控制

为更经济地制造出质量更高的Spherical-cymbal换能器端帽,在其成形中用自由液压胀形工艺取代传统的冲压工艺,并对其自由胀形中的回弹问题进行了重点研究。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对端帽的自由胀形回弹量进行了预测,并根据约束条件及有限元模拟结果提出了回弹控制措施。实验结果验证了采用有限元数值模拟进行Spherical-cymbal换能器端帽自由胀形回弹预测与控制的可行性。

Regulation and function of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), a member of the STAT family, is a key regulator of many physiological and pathological processes. Significant progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional control, posttranslational modification, cellular localization and functional regulation of STAT3. STAT3 can translocate into the nucleus and bind to specific promoter sequences, thereby exerting transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have shown that STAT3 can also translocate into mitochondria, participating in aerobic respiration and apoptosis. In addition, STAT3 plays an important role in inflammation and tumorigenesis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. Conditional knockout mouse models make it possible to study the physiological function of STAT3 in specific tissues and organs. This review summarizes the latest advances in the understanding of the expression, regulation and function of STAT3 in physiological and tumorigenic processes.

Excitation and Detection of Shear Horizontal Waves with Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers for Nondestructive Testing of Plates

The fundamental shear horizontal（SH0） wave has several unique features that are attractive for long-range nondestructive testing（NDT）. By a careful design of the geometric configuration, electromagnetic acoustic transducers（EMATs） have the capability to generate a wide range of guided wave modes, such as Lamb waves and shear-horizontal（SH） waves in plates. However, the performance of EMATs is influenced by their parameters. To evaluate the performance of periodic permanent magnet（PPM） EMATs, a distributed-line-source model is developed to calculate the angular acoustic field cross-section in the far-field. Numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the performance of such EMATs with different geometric parameters, such as period and number of magnet arrays, and inner and outer coil widths. Such parameters have a great influence on the directivity of the generated SH0 waves that arises mainly in the amplitude and width of both main and side lobes. According to the numerical analysis, these parameters are optimized to obtain better directivity. Optimized PPM EMATs are designed and used for NDT of strip plates. Experimental results show that the lateral boundary of the strip plate has no perceivable influence on SHO-wave propagation, thus validating their used in NDT. The proposed model predicts the radiation pattern ofPPM EMATs, and can be used for their parameter optimization.

Ultrasound Imaging of Pipeline Crack Based on Composite Transducer Array

Cracks, especially small cracks are di cult to be detected in oil and gas transportation pipelines buried underground or covered with layers of material by using the traditional ultrasonic inspection techniques. Therefore, a new com?posite ultrasonic transducer array with three acoustic beam incidence modes is developed. The space model of the array is also established to obtain the defect reflection point location. And the crack ultrasound image is thus formed through a series of small cubical elements expanded around the point locations by using the projection of binariza?tion values extracted from the received ultrasonic echo signals. Laboratory experiments are performed on a pipeline sample with di erent types of cracks to verify the e ectiveness and performance of the proposed technique. From the image, the presence of small cracks can be clearly observed, in addition to the sizes and orientations of the cracks. The proposed technique can not only inspect common flaws, but also detect cracks with various orientations, which is helpful for defect evaluation in pipeline testing.

Downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 by sorafenib:A novel mechanism for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide,and a leading cause of cancer-related death.Owing to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes under the current standard of care,there is a need to search for and identify novel and potent therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.Sorafenib is the first and only approved targeted therapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Besides functioning as a multiple tyrosine kinase,sorafenib also acts via a kinase-independent mechanism to target signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.STAT3 is a key regulator of inflammation,cell survival,and tumorigenesis of liver cells,and the high percentage of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with constitutively active STAT3 justifies targeting it for the development of novel therapeutics.Sorafenib inactivates STAT3 and STAT3-related signaling by inducing a conformational change in and releasing the autoinhibition of Src homology region 2 domaincontaining phosphatase-1.This phosphatase negatively regulates STAT3 activity,which leads to the subsequent apoptosis of cancer cells.The novel anti-cancer property of sorafenib will be discussed in this review,not only adding information regarding its mechanism of action but also providing an innovative approach for the development of cancer therapeutics in the future.

OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A 6-AXIS FORCE TRANSDUCER BASED ON STEWART PLATFORM RELATED TO SENSITIVITY ISOTROPY

The design method of a 6-axis force robot's transducer based on the Stewartplatform is detailed. For this purpose, the sensitivity isotropy evaluation criteria of thetransducer are defined, and by the aid of computer, the relationships between the criteria and theparameters of all the transducers based on the Stewart platform are investigated within thegeometric model of the solution space, which can provide the theoretical background for the optimalconstruction design of the 6-axis force transducer related to the sensitivity isotropy.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 promotes the Warburg effect possibly by inducing pyruvate kinase M2 phosphorylation in liver precancerous lesions

BACKGROUND Study shows that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) can increase the Warburg effect by stimulating hexokinase 2 in breast cancer and upregulate lactate dehydrogenase A and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 in myeloma. STAT3 and pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2) can also be activated and enhance the Warburg effect in hepatocellular carcinoma. Precancerous lesions are critical to human and rodent hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for the development of liver precancerous lesions remains unknown. We hypothesized that STAT3 promotes the Warburg effect possibly by upregulating p-PKM2 in liver precancerous lesions in rats.AIM To investigate the mechanism of the Warburg effect in liver precancerous lesions in rats.METHODS A model of liver precancerous lesions was established by a modified Solt-Farber method. The liver pathological changes were observed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The transformation of WB-F344 cells induced with Nmethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and hydrogen peroxide was evaluated by the soft agar assay and aneuploidy. The levels of glucose and lactate in the tissue and culture medium were detected with a spectrophotometer. The protein levels of glutathione S-transferase-π, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), STAT3,and PKM2 were examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence.RESULTS We found that the Warburg effect was increased in liver precancerous lesions in rats. PKM2 and p-STAT3 were upregulated in activated oval cells in liverprecancerous lesions in rats. The Warburg effect, p-PKM2, and p-STAT3 expression were also increased in transformed WB-F344 cells. STAT3 activation promoted the clonal formation rate, aneuploidy, alpha-fetoprotein expression,PCNA expression, G1/S phase transition, the Warburg effect, PKM2 phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation in transformed WB-F344 cells.Moreover, the Warburg effect was inhibited by stattic, a specific inhibitor of STAT3, and further reduced in transformed WB-F344 cells after the intervention for PKM2.CONCLUSION The Warburg effect is initiated in liver precancerous lesions in rats. STAT3 activation promotes the Warburg effect by enhancing the phosphorylation of PKM2 in transformed WB-F344 cells.

A Novel Traveling Wave Ultrasonic Motor Using a Bar Shaped Transducer

A novel traveling wave ultrasonic motor was proposed. The structure of the motor is rather simple and different from the conventional traveling wave ultrasonic motors. Its production processes are very convenient. It is composed of a stator constituted with a ring and a bar shaped transducer and two cone shaped rotors. The rotors were pressed on inner surface of the ring by means of a pre-pressure system. The bar shaped transducer has a sand- wich-like configuration,where two sets of piezoelectric element are bolted. One set excites a longitudinal vibration of the bar, and the other set excites a flexural vibration of the bar. The ring＇s traveling wave excited with the longitudinal vibration and the bending vibration of the bar transducer was simulated with FEM （finite element method）. The prototype of the motor was made and investigated experimentally for its performance. Its maximum torque and rotating speed are 0.25 N · m and 50 r/min, respectively.

Butein effects in colitis and interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression

AIM: To evaluate the effects of butein on inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), andcolitis in interleukin(IL)-10-/- mice.METHODS: To synchronize colitis, 8- to 10-wk-old IL-10-/- mice were fed pellet-chow containing piroxicam for 2 wk. Subsequently, phosphate-buffered saline or butein(1 mg/kg per day, ip) was injected for 4 wk. Histologic scores, inflammatory cytokines, MMP-9 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(p STAT3) expressions were analyzed in IL-10-/- mice and in Colo 205 cells.RESULTS: Butein reduced the colonic inflammatory score by > 50%. Expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, interferon(IFN)-γ and MMP-9 were decreased in the colons of mice exposed to butein, whereas other inflammatory cytokines(IL-17 A, IL-21 and IL-22) were unchanged. Immunohistochemical staining for p STAT3 and MMP-9 was significantly decreased in the buteintreated groups compared with the controls. Butein inhibited IL-6-induced activation of STAT3 in Colo 205 cells.CONCLUSION: Butein ameliorated colitis in IL-10-/-mice by regulating IL-6/STAT3 and MMP-9 activation.

Lamb wave signal selective enhancement by an improved design of meander-coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer

In this paper, we investigate a method of selectively enhancing the single mode signal of a Lamb wave by using a meander-coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer （EMAT） with a new magnetic configuration. We use the Lamb antisym- metric （A0） mode and symmetric （SO） mode as an example for analysis. The analytical expression of the magnitude of the spatial Fourier transform of the Lorentz force generated by different meander coils is used to determine the optimal driving frequency for single mode generation. The numerical calculation is used to characterize the new magnetic configuration and the conventional EMAT magnet. Experimental examinations of each meander coil in combination with the conventional and new magnetic configuration show that the Lamb wave signal can be selectively enhanced by choosing the appropriate driving frequency and coil parameters through using the improved meander-coil EMAT.

Combined Digital Electronic Current and Voltage Transducer

A high performance current and voltage measurement system has been developed in power system. The system is composed of two parts: one current measurement element and one voltage measurement element. A Rogowski coil and a capacitive voltage divider are used respectively for the line current and voltage measurements. Active electronic components are used to modulate signal, and power supply for these components is drawn from power line via an auxiliary current transformer. Measurement signal is transmitted by optical fibers, which is resistant to electromagnetic induction and noise. With careful design and the use of digital signal processing technology, the whole system can meet 0.5% accuracy for metering and provides large dynamic range coupled with good accuracy for protective relaying use.

Structure Optimization of Wheel Force Transducer Based on Natural Frequency and Comprehensive Sensitivity

The current research of wheel force transducer （WFT） mainly focuses on test signal processing and decoupling methods based on signal itself, while the WFT structure optimization research related to decreasing the mass and increase the natural frequency and comprehen- sive sensitivity is not enough. In order to improve the WFT test accuracy, a structure optimization method based on natural frequency and comprehensive sensitivity indicators is put forward. The WPT with 8-beam elastic body is used for the finite element modeling （FEM）, in which the fol- lowing variations are taken into consideration： the con- nection type of elastic body with modified rim, the number of connection holes, and the respects of strain beam including the shape, the cross sectional area and the length, etc.. The test results shows that the natural frequency of the connecting block type is increased by 65.5% compared with the connecting seat type of elastic body ＆ modified rim, and the main channel sensitivity is improved as well. The results show that the connecting block type will achieve the best comprehensive performance when the number of connecting holes between the elastic body and the modified rim is 20. And the thinner and longer strain beam with smaller cross section area is preferable within the scope of elastic body mechanical strength. This research proposes a novel structure optimization method for WFT which contributes to improve the measurement performance of WFT.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 regulation by novel binding partners

Signal transducers and activators of transcription(STATs) mediate essential signals for various biological processes,including immune responses,hematopoiesis,and neurogenesis. STAT3,for example,is involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases,including cancers,autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. STAT3 activation is therefore tightly regulated at multiple levels to prevent these pathological conditions. A number of proteins have been reported to associate with STAT3 and regulate its activity. These STAT3-interacting proteins function to modulate STAT3-mediated signaling at various steps and mediate the crosstalk of STAT3 with other cellular signaling pathways. This article reviews the roles of novel STAT3 binding partners such as DAXX,zipperinteracting protein kinase,Krüppel-associated box-associated protein 1,Y14,PDZ and LIM domain 2 and signal transducing adaptor protein-2,in the regulation of STAT3-mediated signaling.