A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has been identified as the causal agent of SARS. Spike (S) protein is a major structural glycoprotein of the SARS virus ...A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has been identified as the causal agent of SARS. Spike (S) protein is a major structural glycoprotein of the SARS virus and a potential target for SARS-specific cell-mediated immune responses. A panel of S protein-derived peptides was tested for their binding affinity to HLA-A*0201 molecules. Peptides with high affinity for HLA-A*0201 were then assessed for their capacity to elicit specific immune responses mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) both in vivo, in HLA-A2.1/K b transgenic mice, and in vitro, from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) harvested from healthy HLA-A2.1(+) donors. SARS-CoV protein-derived peptide-1 (SSp-1 RLNEVAKNL), induced peptide-specific CTLs both in vivo (transgenic mice) and in vitro (human PBLs), which specifically released interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) upon stimulation with SSp-1-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DCs) or T2 cells. SSp-1-specific CTLs also lysed major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched tumor cell lines engineered to express S proteins. HLA-A*0201-SSp-1 tetramer staining revealed the presence of significant populations of SSp-1-specific CTLs in SSp-1-induced CD8+ T cells. We propose that the newly identified epitope SSp-1 will help in the characterization of virus control mechanisms and immunopathology in SARS-CoV infection, and may be relevant to the development of immunotherapeutic approaches for SARS.展开更多
新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株出现之后,在全球暴发流行过程中不断进化出传播速度更快、免疫逃逸能力更强的进化分支,为了探究BA.1变异株在全球暴发流行的特征及刺突蛋白(Spike,S)基因的进化特征,本研究对其全基因序列的全球报告情况和S基...新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株出现之后,在全球暴发流行过程中不断进化出传播速度更快、免疫逃逸能力更强的进化分支,为了探究BA.1变异株在全球暴发流行的特征及刺突蛋白(Spike,S)基因的进化特征,本研究对其全基因序列的全球报告情况和S基因的进化特征进行了分析。本文通过全球共享流感数据倡议组织(Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data,GISAID)获取Omicron BA.1系列变异株的全基因序列信息,分析BA.1系列变异株S基因氨基酸突变并构建系统进化树和进行贝叶斯系统进化分析。本研究提示全球约有1.2亿人被BA.1系列变异株感染,全球提交的BA.1系列变异株序列数在其出现2个月后达到高峰,5个月后占新型冠状病毒的比例下降到4.38%,累计提交BA.1全基因序列最多的区域是欧洲、美洲;截止2022年10月,BA.1系列变异株中序列提交数占绝对优势的是BA.1.1(42.07%),其次是BA.1(18.81%)。对S基因的氨基酸变异分析显示BA.1有56个进化分支,其中48个分支稳定遗传了Omicron原始株S蛋白中的18个氨基酸突变位点。对BA.1 S基因的进化分析显示其共同祖先形成时间(TMRCA)可追溯到2020年11月,S基因平均碱基替代速率为9.36×10^(-4)替换/位点/年,2021年3月BA.1流行过程中形成两个独立簇,推测G346K、G446S突变位点可能是提高病毒传播力的主要突变。本研究分析了BA.1系列变异株的流行及进化特征,其在短时间内迅速替代Delta毒株,成为全球绝对优势流行株,并有迅速被BA.2亚型代替的潜力。此外,BA.1在全球3~4个月的流行中,逐渐演变出56个进化分支,在全球流行时间短、出现部分稳定遗传的氨基酸突变、进化速率较快。因此,需密切关注Omicron系列变异株基因序列变异变迁、监测新增突变位点,及时研判新变异株的传播力、免疫逃逸能力和致病力。展开更多
文摘A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has been identified as the causal agent of SARS. Spike (S) protein is a major structural glycoprotein of the SARS virus and a potential target for SARS-specific cell-mediated immune responses. A panel of S protein-derived peptides was tested for their binding affinity to HLA-A*0201 molecules. Peptides with high affinity for HLA-A*0201 were then assessed for their capacity to elicit specific immune responses mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) both in vivo, in HLA-A2.1/K b transgenic mice, and in vitro, from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) harvested from healthy HLA-A2.1(+) donors. SARS-CoV protein-derived peptide-1 (SSp-1 RLNEVAKNL), induced peptide-specific CTLs both in vivo (transgenic mice) and in vitro (human PBLs), which specifically released interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) upon stimulation with SSp-1-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DCs) or T2 cells. SSp-1-specific CTLs also lysed major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched tumor cell lines engineered to express S proteins. HLA-A*0201-SSp-1 tetramer staining revealed the presence of significant populations of SSp-1-specific CTLs in SSp-1-induced CD8+ T cells. We propose that the newly identified epitope SSp-1 will help in the characterization of virus control mechanisms and immunopathology in SARS-CoV infection, and may be relevant to the development of immunotherapeutic approaches for SARS.
文摘新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株出现之后,在全球暴发流行过程中不断进化出传播速度更快、免疫逃逸能力更强的进化分支,为了探究BA.1变异株在全球暴发流行的特征及刺突蛋白(Spike,S)基因的进化特征,本研究对其全基因序列的全球报告情况和S基因的进化特征进行了分析。本文通过全球共享流感数据倡议组织(Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data,GISAID)获取Omicron BA.1系列变异株的全基因序列信息,分析BA.1系列变异株S基因氨基酸突变并构建系统进化树和进行贝叶斯系统进化分析。本研究提示全球约有1.2亿人被BA.1系列变异株感染,全球提交的BA.1系列变异株序列数在其出现2个月后达到高峰,5个月后占新型冠状病毒的比例下降到4.38%,累计提交BA.1全基因序列最多的区域是欧洲、美洲;截止2022年10月,BA.1系列变异株中序列提交数占绝对优势的是BA.1.1(42.07%),其次是BA.1(18.81%)。对S基因的氨基酸变异分析显示BA.1有56个进化分支,其中48个分支稳定遗传了Omicron原始株S蛋白中的18个氨基酸突变位点。对BA.1 S基因的进化分析显示其共同祖先形成时间(TMRCA)可追溯到2020年11月,S基因平均碱基替代速率为9.36×10^(-4)替换/位点/年,2021年3月BA.1流行过程中形成两个独立簇,推测G346K、G446S突变位点可能是提高病毒传播力的主要突变。本研究分析了BA.1系列变异株的流行及进化特征,其在短时间内迅速替代Delta毒株,成为全球绝对优势流行株,并有迅速被BA.2亚型代替的潜力。此外,BA.1在全球3~4个月的流行中,逐渐演变出56个进化分支,在全球流行时间短、出现部分稳定遗传的氨基酸突变、进化速率较快。因此,需密切关注Omicron系列变异株基因序列变异变迁、监测新增突变位点,及时研判新变异株的传播力、免疫逃逸能力和致病力。
