Analgesic Effect of Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia and its Effect on TNF-α and CRP Levels in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture During Surgical Treatment

Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Pneumocephalus Following Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A Case Report Analysis

Background: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) is widely used in clinical anesthesia due to its rapid onset, reliable anesthetic effect, and strong controllability. Although advancements in technique have reduced the frequency and severity of common complications, reports of rare and serious complications such as pneumocephalus, remain scarce. Case Report: This article presents a case of pneumocephalus following CSEA in a middle-aged female patient undergoing surgery for an intrauterine space-occupying lesion. The patient experienced severe headache postoperatively, and imaging confirmed the presence of intracranial air. After receiving active symptomatic treatment, the patient recovered and was discharged. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of adhering to standard anesthesia protocols and increasing awareness of rare CSEA complications, particularly the risk of pneumocephalus. Early recognition and timely management are crucial. There is a need to further enhance training and research in anesthetic procedures to improve clinical anesthesia quality and ensure patient safety.

Effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on the level of pain media, stress indicators and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing high altitude cesarean section

Objective: To discuss the effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on the levels of pain media, stress indicators and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing high altitude cesarean section. Methods: Eighty patients who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from January 2017 to April 2019 were enrolled in the hospital. They were divided into two groups according to the patient's anesthesia. Fourty patients receiving epidural anesthesia were included in the control group, and another 40 patients received lumbar stiffness. The combined anesthesia patient was included in the observation group. Changes in pain mediators [Serum neuropeptide Y (NPY), endorphin (β-EP), substance P (SP)], stress indicators [Serum cortisol (Cor), C-peptide (C-P), advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP)], inflammatory factor levels [Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], and immunoglobulin levels [Serum IgA, IgG, IgM] were compared between the two groups. Results: Before anesthesia, there were no significant difference in pain media, stress index, inflammatory factor level and immunoglobulin level between the two groups (P>0.05). At 12 h after operation, the two groups of patients were NPY, β-EP, SP, Cor. The levels of C-P, AOPP, hs-CRP and TNF-α were higher than those before operation (P<0.05). The levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were lower than those before operation (P<0.05). Among them, observation group NPY, β-EP, SP, Cor, C-P, AOPP, hs-CRP and TNF-α were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia can more effectively alleviate maternal pain in high altitude cesarean section, more effectively reduce the inflammatory stress response of patients, promote the humoral immune function of patients, and is beneficial to the early recovery of maternal postoperative, and has high clinical value.

Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture on the Morphine-related Side Effects in Patients Undergoing Spinal-epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia

Objective： To investigate the effects of acupuncture on the morphine-related side effects （nausea, vomiting, itchiness and gastrointestinal disorders） in patients undergoing anesthesia and analgesia and try to find the clinical mechanism of acupuncture. Methods： Patients scheduled to have transurethral prostatic resection enrolled in the study （69 patients）, characterized as Grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ by the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, were randomly assigned to three groups, 23 patients in each group： the placebo group （control group）, non-anesthesia area （NAA） group, and the anesthesia area （AA） group. After spinal anesthesia, all patients received Patients Controlled Epidural Analgesia. The vital signs, bowel sounds, visual analogue scales, itchiness, nausea and vomiting, and time for first exhaust post operation were observed. Results： Altogether, nine cases were eliminated, three in each group. Finally, sixty cases completed this study, twenty in each group. There was a significant decrease of bowel sounds after morphine spinal anesthesia in the three groups. Compared with the control or AA group, the bowel sound recovered after acupuncture, the incidences of nausea and vomiting, itchiness, and time for first exhaust after operation decreased in the NAA group （P〈0.05）. There was a significant decrease of the incidence for itchiness in the NAA group compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： On the basis of this study, it is obviously seen that acupuncture could decrease the incidence of morphine-related side effects （nausea and vomiting, itchiness and gastrointestinal disorders） when the spinal cord conduct is normal. However, it decreases only the incidence of itchiness but not for gastrointestinal dysfunction when the spinal cord is blocked.

Regional anesthesia for orthopedic procedures:What orthopedic surgeons need to know

Regional anesthesia is an integral component of successful orthopedic surgery.Neuraxial anesthesia is commonly used for surgical anesthesia while peripheral nerve blocks are often used for postoperative analgesia.Patient evaluation for regional anesthesia should include neurological,pulmonary,cardiovascular,and hematological assessments.Neuraxial blocks include spinal,epidural,and combined spinal epidural.Upper extremity peripheral nerve blocks include interscalene,supraclavicular,infraclavicular,and axillary.Lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks include femoral nerve block,saphenous nerve block,sciatic nerve block,iPACK block,ankle block and lumbar plexus block.The choice of regional anesthesia is a unanimous decision made by the surgeon,the anesthesiologist,and the patient based on a risk-benefit assessment.The choice of the regional block depends on patient cooperation,patient positing,operative structures,operative manipulation,tourniquet use and the impact of postoperative motor blockade on initiation of physical therapy.Regional anesthesia is safe but has an inherent risk of failure and a relatively low incidence of complications such as local anesthetic systemic toxicity(LAST),nerve injury,falls,hematoma,infection and allergic reactions.Ultrasound should be used for regional anesthesia procedures to improve the efficacy and minimize complications.LAST treatment guidelines and rescue medications(intralipid)should be readily available during the regional anesthesia administration.

小剂量轻比重腰-硬联合麻醉和股神经及坐骨神经阻滞麻醉在老年创伤性下肢骨折患者内固定术中的应用对比

目的探究小剂量轻比重腰-硬联合麻醉和股神经及坐骨神经阻滞麻醉在老年创伤性下肢骨折(TLEF)患者内固定术中的应用效果。方法随机选取南阳市中心医院在2020年5月至2022年5月收治的80例老年TLEF患者作为本次研究对象,用随机数字法将其分为对照组(40例)和研究组(40例)。两组患者均行内固定术治疗,对照组术中行小剂量轻比重腰-硬联合麻醉;研究组术中行股神经及坐骨神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果、生命体征变化、凝血功能、术后不良反应、术后恢复情况。结果两组麻醉起效时间、完全麻醉时间、感觉神经完全麻醉时间、运动神经完全麻醉时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。麻醉后,两组心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)水平均低于麻醉前(P<0.05),两组麻醉后HR和MPA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,两组凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)水平均高于术前,研究组高于对照组(P<0.05),两组纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平低于术前,研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术后苏醒时间、拔管时间、下肢运动恢复时间及排尿恢复时间均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论老年TLEF患者内固定术中接受小剂量轻比重腰-硬联合麻醉和股神经及坐骨神经阻滞麻醉均有较好麻醉效果,但股神经及坐骨神经阻滞麻醉可明显减轻血液高凝状态,减少麻醉不良反应,有效促进患者术后恢复。

超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛泵在腰-硬联合麻醉剖宫产术后产妇中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛泵在腰-硬联合麻醉剖宫产术后产妇中的应用效果。方法选取2022年5月至2023年6月在我院接受腰-硬联合麻醉剖宫产手术的104例产妇,根据术后镇痛方式不同分为参照组(51例)和研究组(53例)。参照组术后予以常规腹横肌平面阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛泵进行镇痛,研究组术后予以超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛泵进行镇痛,均持续干预至出院。比较两组产妇术后疼痛程度、镇痛泵按压次数、首次下地活动时间、术后住院时间及不良反应。结果研究组术后6 h、12 h的VAS评分低于参照组(P<0.05)。研究组镇痛泵按压次数少于参照组,首次下地活动时间、住院时间短于参照组(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率为5.66%,低于参照组的19.61%(P<0.05)。结论腰-硬联合麻醉剖宫产术后产妇应用超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛泵的镇痛效果较好,能明显促进产妇术后尽快恢复,减少不良反应的发生。

右美托咪定和咪达唑仑在腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞下用于老年髋关节置换术患者镇静中的效果对比

目的:对比右美托咪定和咪达唑仑在腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞下用于老年髋关节置换术患者中的镇静效果。方法:回顾性分析上饶市人民医院2022年7月—2023年9月收治的100例老年髋关节置换术患者的临床资料,根据麻醉方式的不同将其分为咪达唑仑组31例、小剂量右美托咪定组34例、中等剂量右美托咪定组35例,三组均采用腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞。咪达唑仑组以2 mg/min的速度静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg,小剂量右美托咪定组和中等剂量右美托咪定组于10 min内静脉泵注负荷剂量的右美托咪定0.6μg/kg,然后分别以0.3μg/(kg·h)和0.6μg/(kg·h)右美托咪定术中持续泵注。比较三组麻醉前、切皮时、切皮后10 min、术毕前10 min时患者呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、心率(HR),对比三组术后麻醉恢复效果(术后苏醒时间、术后是否谵妄),统计三组麻醉不良反应发生率。结果:麻醉前,三组间RR、SpO_(2)、HR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。切皮时、切皮后10 min、术毕前10 min,三组RR、SpO_(2)、HR与麻醉前比较均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);切皮时、切皮后10 min、术毕前10 min三组SpO_(2)、HR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。切皮时,咪达唑仑组、中等剂量右美托咪定组RR均低于小剂量右美托咪定组(P<0.05);切皮后10 min、术毕前10 min,小剂量右美托咪定组RR均高于中等剂量右美托咪定组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。咪达唑仑组术后苏醒时间长于小剂量右美托咪定组、中等剂量右美托咪定组,术后7 d内谵妄发生率高于小剂量右美托咪定组、中等剂量右美托咪定组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。咪达唑仑组麻醉不良反应总发生率高于中等剂量右美托咪定组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞下老年髋关节置换术的镇静中,中等剂量右美托咪定与咪达唑仑均具有较好的镇静效果,其中0.6μg/(kg·h)右美托咪定术中镇静效果更好,患者术中躁动发生更低,术后谵妄发生率更低,麻醉不良反应更少。

腰-硬联合麻醉在无痛分娩中的应用效果

目的研究腰-硬联合麻醉在无痛分娩中的应用效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月景德镇市第二人民医院收治的100例无痛分娩的产妇作为研究对象。依据麻醉方案不同将其分成观察组(n=52)和对照组(n=48)。对照组接受硬膜外麻醉,观察组接受腰-硬联合麻醉。比较两组患者的麻醉起效时间、产程、疼痛程度、麻醉不良反应、妊娠结局及新生儿Apgar评分。结果观察组产妇的麻醉起效时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇的第一、第二产程短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组第三产程比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组产妇麻醉后5、30和60 min的疼痛评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇的麻醉相关不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组新生儿的出生后1 min Apgar评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无痛分娩中选择硬膜外麻醉与腰-硬联合麻醉均可实现镇痛效果,但腰-硬联合麻醉方案优势更为明显,主要体现在麻醉起效迅速,术中可获得良好镇痛效果,缩短产程,可提高麻醉安全性避免相关并发症的出现,具备临床推广价值。

右美托咪定静脉泵注在腰-硬联合麻醉剖宫产手术中的应用探讨

目的分析右美托咪定静脉泵注在腰-硬联合麻醉剖宫产手术中的应用价值,旨在为相关研究工作提供参考依据。方法选择接受腰-硬联合麻醉下剖宫产手术的产妇72例为研究样本,结合产妇术中是否应用右美托咪定分为新式组(36例)、传统组(36例)。传统组产妇术中不应用镇静镇痛药物,新式组产妇术中应用右美托咪定。对比两组产妇各阶段[麻醉前(T0)、麻醉药注射完毕后10 min(T1)、麻醉药注射完毕后30 min(T2)]心率、平均动脉压(MAP)水平,麻醉镇痛效果,新生儿Apgar评分。结果T0时,两组产妇MAP以及心率对比无明显差异(P>0.05);T1和T2时,传统组的MAP和心率较T0时显著上升(P<0.05);新式组T1以及T2时的MAP和心率比T0时有波动,但无明显差异(P>0.05)。和传统组相比,新式组T1以及T2时的MAP以及心率更低(P<0.05)。新式组麻醉镇痛总有效率为100.00%,比传统组的88.89%高(P<0.05)。新式组新生儿出生后1、5、10 min的Apgar评分分别为(9.55±0.66)、(9.77±0.18)、(9.98±0.03)分,传统组分别为(8.36±0.72)、(8.88±0.42)、(9.18±0.29)分。两组新生儿出生后1、5、10 min的Apgar评分对比,新式组高于传统组(P<0.05)。结论对于接受腰-硬联合麻醉剖宫产手术的产妇而言,术中为其应用右美托咪定能取得满意的镇痛效果,且该用药方案对于产妇的MAP、心率影响较小,有助于改善产妇的围术期舒适度,并且对于新生儿不存在显著影响,安全性强,值得进一步在产科临床内推广和应用。

超声定位辅助腰-硬联合麻醉在下肢骨折患者中的应用价值研究

目的:探究超声定位辅助腰-硬联合麻醉在下肢骨折中的应用价值。方法:选取2020年7月至2022年7月在解放军联勤保障部队第九〇一医院行手术治疗的80例下肢骨折患者,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组给予超声下硬膜外麻醉,观察组给予超声下腰-硬联合麻醉。比较两组患者利多卡因用量、麻醉阻滞时间、麻醉起效时间和追加止痛药用量,比较舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)及心率(HR)等生命体征的变化情况,以及血栓弹力图、麻醉效果及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者利多卡因用量、麻醉阻滞时间、麻醉起效时间及追加止痛药用量明均显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.657、23.483、12.785、16.600,P<0.05)。两组患者麻醉前、麻醉后30 min及麻醉结束后DBP、SBP、HR、凝血综合指数(CI)、反应时间(R值)、血细胞凝集块形成时间(K值)及不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与麻醉前、麻醉后30 min相比,两组麻醉结束后α角明显升高(t=6.564、5.783,P<0.05);观察组麻醉结束后血凝块力学强度(G值)、描记图最大振幅(MA)明显降低,差异有统计学意义(t=8.480、4.236,P<0.05);对照组G值、MA比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。观察组总有效率为97.50%,明显高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=4.507,P<0.05)。结论:下肢骨折患者使用超声定位辅助腰-硬联合麻醉可有效减少麻醉药用量,阻滞快且起效快,对循环功能影响小不易形成高凝状态,临床麻醉效果更好。

不同剂量瑞马唑仑在老年患者腰-硬联合麻醉术中镇静作用

目的分析老年患者腰-硬联合麻醉术中给予不同剂量瑞马唑仑的有效性及安全性。方法纳入2020年5月—2023年4月在武穴市第一人民医院手术需进行腰-硬联合麻醉的老年患者126例,随机分为低剂量组[42例,术中持续泵注2μg/(kg·min)瑞马唑仑]、中剂量组[42例,术中持续泵注3μg/(kg·min)瑞马唑仑]、高剂量组[42例,术中持续泵注4μg/(kg·min)瑞马唑仑],评估患者麻醉前(T0)、麻醉给药5 min(T1)、15 min(T2)、30 min(T3)时镇静程度并记录生命体征指标,记录患者麻醉起效时间、阻滞完善时间,统计麻醉给药后恶心呕吐、低血压等不良反应发生情况。结果三组患者T1、T2、T3时Ramsay评分较T0时均升高(P<0.05),中剂量组、高剂量组T2、T3时Ramsay评分高于低剂量组(P<0.05),高剂量组T2、T3时Ramsay评分高于中剂量组(P<0.05),低剂量、中剂量组T2、T3时平均动脉压、心率高于高剂量组(P<0.05);高剂量组、中剂量组麻醉起效时间、阻滞完善时间均短于低剂量组(P<0.05);低剂量组、中剂量组低氧血症、低血压等不良反应总发生率低于高剂量组(P<α,α=0.017)。结论老年患者腰-硬联合麻醉术中给予3μg/(kg·min)的瑞马唑仑效果较为理想,其镇痛作用优于2μg/(kg·min),对生命体征的影响低于4μg/(kg·min),不良反应较少,兼顾镇静作用与麻醉安全性。

不同穿刺方法在妇科腰-硬联合麻醉手术中的效果比较

目的探讨不同穿刺方法在妇科腰-硬联合麻醉手术中的效果。方法选取2021年3月至2023年3月菏泽市第六人民医院收治的90例患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各45例。两组均采用腰-硬联合麻醉,对照组实施一点针内针穿刺,观察组实施二点针外针穿刺。比较两组操作效果、麻醉效果及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组置管困难率和置针时异物感率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组穿刺所需时间长于对照组,达到T10及T12时间短于对照组,硬膜外追加局麻药量少于对照组(P<0.05)。两组起效后平均动脉压下降情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用二点针外针穿刺方法进行腰-硬联合麻醉延长了穿刺所需时间,但起效更快,阻滞效果理想,可减少硬膜外追加局麻药量及不良反应的发生。

Accidental conus medullaris injury following combined epidural and spinal anesthesia in a pregnant woman with unknown tethered cord syndrome

In most adults, the conus medullaris ends at around the inferior margin of the first lumbar （L1） vertebral body.However, location of terminus of the conus medullaris is variable and even extends more distally in patients with diseases such as tethered cord syndrome （TCS）. Here, we reported a conus medullaris injury following combined spinal and epidural anesthesia （CSEA） in a pregnant woman with unknown TCS.

小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼腰-硬联合麻醉用于急诊剖宫产的临床观察

目的探讨小剂量布比卡因复合芬太尼腰一硬联合麻醉在急诊剖宫产手术中应用的可行性。方法单胎急诊产妇108例，随机均分为布比卡因复合芬太尼组（BF组）和布比卡因组（B组）。药物分别为0．75％布比卡因5mg加芬太尼20μg和0．75％布比卡因7．5mg。两组产妇均在右侧卧位下于L2～3间隙用针内针方法行腰麻，留置硬膜外导管备用。记录麻醉等待时间、最高平面、硬膜外追加药物的情况，术中心率、血压变化和麻黄碱的使用情况，并记录术中恶心呕吐、胸闷、呼吸困难等不良反应；记录手术医师和产妇对麻醉的评价以及术后下肢肌力完全恢复所需时问。结果所有患者成功完成手术，无需改变麻醉方式或静脉辅助用药。BF组硬膜外腔追加药物率、低血压发生率和麻黄碱使用率明显少于B组（p〈O．01）；麻黄碱平均用量明显少于B组（P＜0．05）；恶心呕吐和胸闷的发生率明显低于B组（P〈O．05或P％0．01）；下肢肌力恢复到Bromage0分的时间短于B组（P＜o．05）。结论0．75％布比卡因5mg复合芬太尼20弘g腰硬联合麻醉能为急诊剖宫产提供满意的麻醉。

罗比卡因等比重液用于老年病人腰-硬联合阻滞的临床研究

目的 研究罗比卡因等比重液用于老年病人腰 硬联合阻滞的安全性和有效性。方法 择期行下肢手术老年病人90例,ASAI～Ⅱ级,随机分成三组,每组30例。用DurasafeTM型联合阻 滞配套针于L3～4间隙穿刺。以0.1ml/s的速率蛛网膜下隙注入等比重混和局麻药3ml(B组:布比 卡因7.5mg;R1组:罗比卡因7.5mg;R2组:罗比卡因10mg),术中酌情于硬膜外给予2%利多卡因 维持麻醉。用针刺法测感觉阻滞平面,用改良Bromage法测运动阻滞程度。比较三组病人在感觉、 运动阻滞及恢复上的异同,记录麻醉各时点血压、心率变化,并观察用药后的不良反应。结果 三组 均能提供较为完善的麻醉。R组的运动阻滞起效时间长于B组(P<0.01),运动阻滞恢复时间短于 B组(P<0.01)。R1组感觉阻滞消退到S1～2时间、完全运动阻滞发生率、尿潴留发生率明显少于B 组(P<0.01)。结论 罗比卡因等比重液7.5mg腰 硬联合阻滞用于老年病人是安全的,其循环和 呼吸系统较稳定,未见严重并发症,并能达到较为完善的麻醉效果。

右美托咪定用于腰-硬联合麻醉下肢手术自控镇静的临床研究

目的 探讨右美托咪定用于腰-硬联合麻醉自控镇静的效果及安全性.方法 选择150例下肢手术的患者,年龄18～65岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为自控镇静组（PCS组）和对照组（C组）,每组75例.腰-硬联合麻醉后,对PCS组患者进行右美托咪定自控镇静,负荷量2 ml、背景输注量1.5 ml、单次剂量0.5 ml、锁定时间20s;C组患者恒速泵注（10ml/h）生理盐水.记录两组患者泵药前（T0）、泵药后1 min（T1）、3 min （T2）、5 min （T3）、7 min （T4）、10 min （T5）、手术开始（T6）、术后10min（TT）、术毕（T8）时的HR、MAP、SpO2、Ramsay镇静评分、气道评分,并观察PCS组患者的按压次数、右美托咪定剂量.结果 与T0时比较,PCS组患者HR在T1～T8时明显减慢（P＜0.05）.与C组比较,PCS组患者HR在T1～T8时明显减慢（P＜0.05）.与T0时比较,PCS组患者MAP在T1～T3时明显升高（P＜0.05）,T5～T8时明显降低（P＜0.05）.与C组比较,PCS组患者MAP在T5～T8时明显降低（P＜0.05）.T3～T7时,PCS组分别有51、72、74、73、72例患者Ramsay评分为3～4分.PCS组患者自控镇静过程中,按压次数为（112.10±65.79）次,有效次数为（21.00±9.07）次,自控给药剂量为（15.12±3.19） ml;镇静达到Ramsay3～4分的剂量为（11.29±2.16） ml;达到Ramsay 3～4分所需的时间为（7.55±1.53）min.结论 在下肢手术中,腰-硬联合麻醉下右美托咪定自控镇静可有效接近个体化用药,临床应用有效.

腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉在小儿外科手术及术后镇痛的应用

目的 :观察罗哌卡因与布比卡因在小儿腰麻 硬膜外联合麻醉 (combinedspinal epiduralanesthesia,CSEA)麻醉的效果、术后镇痛效果和不良反应。方法 :选择 5 0例行下腹部及以下手术的患儿 ,年龄为 6～ 1 4岁 ,随机分为两组 :罗哌卡因Ropivacaine(R)组 2 5例和布比卡因Bupivacaine(B)组 2 5例 ,全部采用CSEA麻醉。R组注入腰麻药为 :1 0g·L-1 罗哌卡因 1 .5ml+注射用水 0 .5ml+1 0 0g·L-1 葡萄糖 1ml。B组注入腰麻药物为 :7.5g·L-1 布比卡因 2ml+1 0 0g·L-1 葡萄糖 1ml。两药的终末浓度皆为 5g·L-1 。给药剂量按以下公式计算 :药量 (ml) =[年龄(岁 )× 0 .2 +体重 (kg)× 0 .0 5 ]/ 2。当手术超过 1 .5h ,开始向硬膜外腔输注局麻药物 :R组为 2 .5 g·L-1 罗哌卡因1mg·kg-1 ·h-1 ,B组为 2 .5g·L-1 布比卡因 1mg·kg-1 ·h-1 。研究中观察血压、心率、氧饱和度 ,麻醉平面 ,VAS评分 ,下肢运动阻滞的变化。术后两组均进行硬膜外镇痛 ,各为 0 .75g·L-1 罗哌卡因 1 0 0ml或布比卡因加入曲马朵2 0 0mg和氟哌利多 5mg。硬膜外持续输注 3ml·h-1 (6～ 9岁 )或 4ml·h-1 (1 0～ 1 4岁 ) ,必要时由患儿或其父母自控镇痛每次 2ml,间隔时间为 1 5min。观察镇痛效果、下肢运动恢复情况及术后 2 4h患儿恶心、呕吐?

不同穿刺体位在腰-硬联合麻醉剖宫产术中的比较

目的比较不同穿刺体位在腰-硬联合麻醉（CSEA）剖宫产术中的效果。方法拟行剖宫产术的足月妊娠产妇90例,随机分为两组,每组45例。选择L3~4椎间隙作为穿刺点。R组右侧穿刺腰麻后保持穿刺体位2 min后左倾30°仰卧至手术开始,L组左侧穿刺腰麻后仰卧位,并调整手术床左倾30°直至手术开始。腰麻药物均为1.0%罗哌卡因1.5 ml＋10%葡萄糖0.5 ml。观察腰麻药物注入后15 min内产妇感觉阻滞效应及不良反应情况,记录新生儿Apgar评分,检测脐动脉血p H值。结果 R组产妇最终阻滞平面明显低于L组,达到最终阻滞平面所需时间明显短于L组（P〈0.05）。R组麻黄碱用量为0（0~6）mg,明显低于L组的6（0~12）mg（P〈0.05）。R组脐动脉血p H值明显高于L组（P〈0.05）。两组新生儿Apgar评分差异无统计学意义。结论剖宫产术采用右侧卧位穿刺注药后保持穿刺体位2 min后30°仰卧,其麻醉效果优于左侧卧位穿刺后30°仰卧体位。

轻比重罗哌卡因在高龄患者腰-硬联合麻醉髋关节手术的应用

目的观察高龄患者髋关节手术小剂量罗哌卡因腰-硬联合麻醉的麻醉效果及对循环呼吸功能的影响。方法ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级髋关节手术60例,男18例,女42例,年龄(85.5±10.5)岁,体重(65.35±13.91)kg,随机分为两组,各组30例。A组腰麻用轻比重0.2%罗哌卡因5～7mg,硬膜外阻滞用0.2%罗哌卡因;B组腰麻用重比重0.5%布比卡因8～10mg,硬膜外阻滞用0.375%布比卡因硬膜外阻滞。记录两组麻醉效果和术中BP、HR、SpO2变化。结果A组麻醉平面T8～T10,单侧,术中各时点BP、HR、SpO2平稳,Bromage评分患肢1～2分,健肢0～1分;B组麻醉平面T6～T8,双侧,术中各时点BP明显下降,HR明显减慢(P<0.01),也低于A组(P<0.05),Bromage评分双下肢以3～4分为主。结论轻比重罗哌卡因腰-硬联合麻醉更适用于高龄髋关节手术患者。