Effect of AXIS lateral mass screw-plate internal fixation system on functional recovery of spinal cord in fracture of lower cervical vertebrae

AIM:To evaluate the methods and results of the AXIS lateral mass screw plate system in the treating of lower cervical spine injury.METHODS:29 cases of lower cervical vertebrae injury were fixed with AXIS system.All of them were followed up for more than 1 year.RESULTS:All cases had a good bone union without malformation.We found no complication of the injury to the vertebral arteries or nerves.There was no loosening of the plate and screw. CONCLUSION:AXIS lateral mass screw plate system has the characteristic of stable,simple and safe and is suitable for the treatment of lower cervical spine injury.

Usage of buttress plate internal fixation associated with autografting of fibula and iliac bone for the treatment of distal femoral C_3 type fracture

To assess the effect of using buttress plate associated with antografting of fibula and iliac bone for the treatment of distal femoral C3 type fracture.Methods Seventeen cases of distal femoral C3 type fracture using buttress plate associated with antografting of fibula and iliac bone were analyzed retrospectively.Results All cases were followed up for an average of 24 months（8～55 months）.The average time of octets bridge forming were 4 months（3～5 months） while the average time for bone union were 8 months （6～14 months）.According to Shelbourne rating system,result of all 18 cases were excellent and no malunion,infection were found.Conclusion Buttress plate associated with antografting of fibula and iliac bone is an effective alternative for the treatment of distal femoral C3 type fracture.It can provide more stable fixation to the bone and earlier functional exercises can be achieved.5 refs,3 figs,1 tab.

Internal Fixation of Gunshot Induced Fractures in Civilians: Anatomic and Functional Results of a Standard Protocol at an Urban Trauma Center

Introduction: Despite extensive experience with civilian gunshot fractures or wounds, no consensus exists on a standard protocol to manage these injuries. Many authors recommended immediate debridement, but the optimal timing of internal fixation and the use of antibiotic have not been determined. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss our experience. Material and methods: In January 2007, a treatment protocol was put in place for the evaluation and management of fractured extremities resulting from civilian gunshot wounds. Sixty-three patients with 64 fractures had been managed by this protocol for gunshot fractures between January 2005 and January 2012. There were 56 male and seven female. Their mean age was 33.1 years (range: 17 - 61 years). Thirteen patients (20.6%) were able to provide a description of the weapon. Only 15 patients had entry and exit wounds. The mean follow-up period was 27 (range, 20 - 58) months. The main factors assessed were the surgical site infection, the fracture union and the functional status. Results: Out of the 63 patients, 14 patients developed a wound infection (five superficial and seven deep infections). Wound infection was significantly associated with associated injuries (p = 0.0388), fractures sites requiring fixation (p = 0.024), the fracture pattern (p = 0.0412), operative modalities (p = 0.0400). There were nine cases (14.1%) of fracture non-union. The mean time to union was 15 weeks (range: 5 - 32 weeks). Five patients developed chronics osteomyelitis. The average SMFA score for all of the patients was 23.8 (range: 0 - 56.3). The mean dysfunctional and bother indexes were 18.3 (range: 0 - 52.7) and 22.6 (range: 0 - 66.1), respectively. The SMFA total score and dysfunction index had a significant correlation based on presence or absence of associated injuries (p < 0.0001). But bother index did not show the same correlation (p = 0.452). The average length of hospital stay was 11.3 days (range: 3 - 64). Conclusion: In civilian’s gunshot induced fractures, internal fixation can be made according to standard protocol, with acceptable result.

Surgical treatment ofpatients with severe non-flail chest rib fractures

BACKGROUND Many patients have inadequate long-term analgesia,respiratory distress,and hypoxemia due to a long-standing substantial smoking history or the presence of primary pulmonary diseases;analgesic treatment is not valid in these patients.Even if the imaging findings of rib fractures are relatively mild,rib fractures may cause severe position limitation,respiratory distress,and hypoxemia.AIM To investigate the curative effect of surgical treatment for patients with severe non-flail chest rib fractures.METHODS A total of 78 patients from our hospital with severe noncontinuous thoracic rib fractures from September 2016 to September 2018 were enrolled in our study.Thirty-nine patients underwent surgical treatment,and 39 underwent conservative treatment.The surgical treatment group received surgery performed with titanium plates,and the screws were inserted with open reduction and internal fixation.The conservative treatment group received analgesia and symptomatic treatment.The pain scores at 72 h,1 wk,2 wk,4 wk,6 wk,3 mo,and 6 mo were compared,and the SF-36 quality of life scores were compared atthe 3rd and 6th months.RESULTS Pain relief in the surgical group was significantly better than that in the conservative group at each time point(72 h,1 wk,2 wk,4 wk,6 wk,3 mo,and 6 mo after surgery,P<0.001).The SF-36 scores were significantly higher in the surgical group than in the conservative group at 1 mo and 6 mo(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Patients with severe non-flail chest rib fractures have a better quality of life following surgical treatment than following conservative treatment,and surgical treatment is also useful for relieving pain.We should pay more attention to the physiological functions and clinical manifestations of patients with severe rib fractures.In patients with non-flail chest rib fractures,surgical treatment is feasible and effective.

Efficacy of the femoral neck system in femoral neck fracture treatment in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Controversy remains around the available choices for the internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture.The femoral neck system(FNS)was developed in 2018 and has been widely applied since then as it can provide rigid fixation stability with less damage to the bone mass around the fracture.However,no systematic reviews and meta-analyses have investigated the efficacy of the FNS in comparison with that of traditional internal fixation in the treatment of femoral fractures.AIM To assess the efficacy of the FNS in comparison with that of cannulated compression screws(CCS)in the treatment of femoral fractures through systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS Five electronic databases(PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Wanfang)were searched from the earliest publication date to December 31,2021.Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/)was used to check the results and further analyze the related articles.Controlled trials were included if the FNS was applied for the femoral neck fracture in adults and if it was compared with CCS for the achievement of internal fixation.The measurement outcomes included the required operation time,observed patient’s blood loss,extent of fracture healing,patient’s Harris Hip score(HHS)at the last follow-up,and records of any complications(such as failure of internal fixation,femoral neck shortness,avascular necrosis of the femoral head,and delayed union or nonunion).RESULTS Ten retrospective controlled studies(involving 711 participants)were included in this metaanalysis.The meta-analysis showed that compared with CCS,use of the FNS could not decrease the operation time[standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.38,95%confidence interval(CI):-0.98 to 0.22,P=0.21,I2=93%),but it could increase the intraoperative blood loss(SMD:0.59,95%CI:0.15 to 1.03,P=0.009,I2=81%).The pooled results also showed that compared with CCS,the FNS could better promote fracture healing(SMD:-0.97,95%CI:-1.65 to-0.30,P=0.005,I2=91%),improve the HHS at the last follow-up(SMD:0.76,95%CI:0.31 to 1.21,P=0.0009,I2=84%),and reduce the chances of developing femoral neck shortness(OR:0.29,95%CI:0.14 to 0.61,P=0.001,I2=0%)and delayed union or nonunion(OR:0.47,95%CI:0.30 to 0.73,P=0.001;I2=0%)in adult patients with femoral neck fractures.However,there was no statistically significant difference between the FNS and CCS in terms of failure of internal fixation(OR:0.49,95%CI:0.23 to 1.06,P=0.07,I2=0%)and avascular necrosis of the femoral head(OR:0.46,95%CI:0.20 to 1.10,P=0.08,I2=0%).CONCLUSION Compared with CCS,the FNS could decrease the chances of developing femoral neck shortness and delayed union or nonunion in adults with femoral neck fractures.Simultaneously,it could accelerate fracture healing and improve the HHS in these patients.

Proximal Femur Bionic Nail (PFBN): A Panacea for Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture

With the aging population,intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly has become one of the most serious public health issues and a hot topic of research in trauma orthopedics.Due to the limitations of internal fixation techniques and the insufficient mechanical design of nails,the occurrence of complications delays patient recovery after surgical treatment.Design of a proximal femur bionic nail(PFBN)based on Zhang’s N triangle theory provides triangular supporting fixation,which dramatically decreases the occurrence of complications and has been widely used for clinical treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture worldwide.In this work,we developed an equivalent biomechanical model to analyze improvement in bone remodeling of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture through PFBN use.The results show that compared with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA)and InterTan,PFBN can dramatically decrease the maximum strain in the proximal femur.Based on Frost’s mechanostat theory,the local mechanical environment in the proximal femur can be regulated into the medium overload region by using a PFBN,which may render the proximal femur in a state of physiological overload,favoring post-operative recovery of intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly.This work shows that PFBN may constitute a panacea for unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture and provides insights into improving methods of internal fixation.

Postoperative Fracture Healing Effects of Locking Compression Plate for the Treatment of Limb Fractures

Objectives To study the effects of applying locking compression plates in the treatment of patients with limb fractures on postoperative fracture healing.Methods:115 patients with limb fractures who were treated in our hospital from November 2019 to November 2020 were selected.In order to study the effective treatment method,the random-number table method was used in this study to divide the patients into two groups,namely the experimental group and the control group,and the locking compression plate treatment method and the pure plate and screw internal fixation treatment method were administered respectively to study their clinical application effects.Results:Compared with the control group,patients in the experimental group had a lower incidence of complications,shorter hospitalizations and shorter recovery time.Meanwhile,the experimental group had a better quality of recovery,and all data were significantly different from those of the control group,P<0.05,the intervention effect of the experimental group was better.Conclusion:The application of the locking compression plate in the treatment of patients with limb fractures is more conducive to promoting the postoperative healing of the patients'fractures,reducing the incidence of postoperative complications,and promoting the rapid recovery of patients,which has positive significance for clinical development.

Conversion hip arthroplasty for failed nailing of intertrochanteric fracture: Reflections on some important aspects

In this editorial,I present my comments on the article by Solarino et al.Conversion hip arthroplasty,which is an optional salvage procedure performed following unsuccessful fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly pati-ents,entails more complex processes and higher rates of operative complications than primary arthroplasty.Hence,it is important to consider the appropriateness of the primary treatment choice,as well as the adequacy of nailing fixation for intertrochanteric fractures.This article briefly analyzes the possible factors contributing to the nailing failure of intertrochanteric fractures and attempts to find corresponding countermeasures to prevent fixation failures.It also analyzes the choice of treatment between nailing fixation and primary arthroplasty for intertrochanteric fractures.

不同载荷条件下三种内固定方式治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的有限元分析

背景:治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的最佳内固定方式仍未达成共识,既往相关有限元分析大多采用单一简化载荷条件,对于常用内固定装置的生物力学特性还需进一步探究。目的:通过有限元方法分析空心加压螺钉、动力髋螺钉和股骨颈系统治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折在单腿站立载荷及侧方跌倒载荷条件下的生物力学特性。方法:通过CT扫描获取健康成人股骨DICOM数据,导入Mimics 15.0软件,得到骨组织的粗糙模型,再通过Geomagics软件对Mimics导出的数据进行优化处理,然后根据空心加压螺钉、动力髋螺钉和股骨颈系统的临床应用参数采用Pro/E软件建立3种内固定模型并与股骨模型组装,最后导入Ansys软件进行加载、计算,分析3种内固定模型在单腿站立载荷及侧方跌倒载荷的不同工况下股骨和内固定的应力分布和位移情况,以及股骨距和Ward三角区的应力特点。结果与结论:(1)单腿站立载荷及侧方跌倒载荷下,3种内固定模型的股骨近端应力均主要分布在股骨颈骨折端内上方,3种内固定模型的股骨近端、骨折端、Ward三角以及股骨距的应力峰值均为股骨颈系统内固定模型最小,空心加压螺钉内固定模型最大;(2)单腿站立载荷及侧方跌倒载荷下,3种内固定模型的股骨近端位移峰值均位于股骨头顶端,且位移峰值均为股骨颈系统内固定模型最小,空心加压螺钉内固定模型最大;(3)3种内固定模型在单腿站立及侧方跌倒载荷条件下内固定的位移峰值均位于内固定装置上方顶端,且位移峰值均为股骨颈系统内固定模型最小,空心加压螺钉内固定模型最大;(4)3种内固定模型在单腿站立及侧方跌倒载荷条件下内固定的应力均主要集中在内固定装置的骨折端附近区域,且内固定应力峰值均为股骨颈系统内固定模型最小,空心加压螺钉内固定模型最大;(5)结果表明,股骨颈系统的机械稳定性最佳,但是可能存在对于骨折端和股骨距应力遮挡的风险;股骨颈系统的内固定装置应力更为分散,内固定断裂风险更低。

后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折:关节镜治疗中的材料、植入物及内固定技术

背景:治疗后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折的最佳手术技术仍值得商榷。随着关节镜手术的应用与成熟,它在后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折的诊疗中有很大前景。目的:综述关节镜技术在后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折治疗中的应用与进展,包括不同关节镜治疗方法、手术入路、胫骨隧道设计、缝合材料选择以及内固定植入物选择等。方法:通过计算机对中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science及ScienceDirect等数据库中的相关文献进行检索,检索时间为2003年1月至2023年11月,中文检索词为“后交叉韧带,后十字韧带,撕脱骨折,关节镜”;英文检索词为“posterior cruciate ligament,avulsion,fracture,tibia,arthroscopic,operation,fixation,treatment”。共纳入97篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:关节镜技术提供了一种可靠的治疗方式来治疗后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折。根据入路、缝合材料类型以及用于缝合的入路和胫骨隧道数量等不同,关节镜技术可以分为关节镜下缝线固定结合自体移植物增强重建、关节镜下多交叉带缝合桥固定、关节镜下高强度缝线固定以及关节镜下直接前后缝合悬吊固定等几类。在各种研究中,常用的临床结果评估指标包括关节活动度、Lysholm评分、国际膝关节文献委员会评分及KT-2000关节测量仪差等,研究显示关节镜手术后末次随访时上述指标检测结果较术前显著改善,影像学随访结果显示关节镜手术都取得了令人满意的结果。在随访过程中,接受关节镜技术治疗后的各类交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折患者都未出现严重并发症,例如创伤性关节炎、神经血管损伤、围手术期伤口感染、血栓形成以及骨折不愈合等。

Biomechanical analysis of the computer-assisted internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture

The number and spatial configuration of the screws will affect the stability and prognosis of the fractures.In our study,we assessed the biomechanical effects of the double-head cannulated compression screw(DhCCS)and ordinary cannulated compression screw(OCCS)for the treatment of femoral neck fractures by using computer finite element analysis.The original digital imaging and communications in medicine(DICOM)data of a proximal femur were imported into Materialise’s interactive medical image control system(MIMICS)software for modeling.Both DhCCS and OCCS 3D-models were obtained by using the 3D scan technique.Using the fracture model and internal fixation assembly model with an inverted triangle,two horizontal and vertical distribution were established in UG software.Next,the displacement and stress distribution were calculated in ANSYS software.The displacement value of the femoral head in the DhCCS group was smaller than that in the OCCS group,and the displacement value in the two horizontal groups was smaller than that in the vertical group.The stress distribution in the DhCCS group was concentrated on the screw rod at the fracture block and thread end,while only at the fracture block in the OCCS group.The stress in the horizontal group was more dispersed on the screws than that in the vertical group.DhCCS has reliable stability for the fixation of femoral neck fractures and applied in the clinical work and 2 horizontal fixation can be used when two screws are selected.

股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定后股骨近端骨质疏松的有限元分析

背景:股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定术后由于患肢短期内常常不能负重,且高刚度的内植物对骨折断端存在应力遮挡效应,易导致患肢出现骨质疏松,股骨近端生物力学分布发生变化,术后股骨头坏死发病率较高,目前关于股骨颈骨折术后股骨近端骨质疏松对股骨近端及空心钉生物力学影响的研究较少。目的:通过有限元分析探讨股骨颈骨折术后发生骨质疏松对空心钉内固定治疗的生物力学影响,探究生物力学因素在股骨头坏死进程中的作用。方法:获取1例股骨颈骨折患者股骨CT扫描数据,利用Mimics 19.0、3-Matic、UG 11.0、Hypermesh 14.0、Abaqus软件建立空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的股骨近端模型,利用Abaqus软件分析1种术后股骨近端无骨质疏松、3种术后股骨近端骨质疏松的有限元模型,测量分析4种模型不同部件的应力、接触压力、位移峰值及云图,对比分析股骨头内部应力变化及分布情况。结果与结论:股骨头及下前空心钉的应力、接触压力随骨质疏松程度变化较大,4种模型的位移峰值随着骨质疏松程度加重而缓慢增长。通过单因素方差分析,结果显示骨质疏松程度对不同部件的应力、接触压力、位移峰值无显著性影响,股骨头内部应力分布随骨质疏松发生相应变化,股骨近端的生物力学环境变化对股骨头坏死有着重要影响。

Haraguchi Ⅱ型后踝骨折3种内固定方式的有限元分析

目的 基于计算机三维有限元技术方法研究HaraguchiⅡ型后踝骨折不同内固定材料的生物力学特性,确定后踝骨折的最佳内固定材料,为临床提供基础理论支持。方法 通过计算机三维有限元技术,建立后踝空心螺钉固定+内踝空心螺钉(A组)、后踝支撑钢板固定+内踝空心螺钉(B组)和后踝重建钢板固定+内踝空心螺钉(C组)三种不同内固定材料固定HaraguchiⅡ型后踝骨折的三维有限元模型,并对模型行生物力学分析,比较各组内固定材料的优劣性。结果 两组钢板固定模型的最大主应力和胫骨应力要明显低于3枚空心螺钉固定模型组,而重建钢板组的应力又低于支撑钢板组;三组模型中内踝处空心螺钉的应力重建钢板组最小,空心螺钉组最大;胫骨的总位移变化范围空心螺钉组最大,支撑钢板组次之,重建钢板组最小。结论 重建钢板固定HaraguchiⅡ型后踝骨折的生物力学稳定性最强,为一种比较理想的固定方法,对临床具有一定的指导性。

两种治疗方案对老年人桡骨远端骨折的疗效比较

目的:探讨采用保守治疗和切开复位内固定两种方案对65岁以上老年人桡骨远端骨折(DRF)的疗效。方法:选择我院于2020年6月—2022年2月收治的DRF患者81例,分为手法组(46例)与切开组(35例)。手法组采用骨折手法复位高分子聚酯绷带固定治疗;切开组采用切开复位内固定手术治疗。使用X线片对比患者治疗前后的尺偏角、掌偏角和桡骨高度,以评估治疗情况。统计患者末次随访的改良Mayo腕关节评分(MMWS)、DASH-Chinese上肢功能评分以及并发症,对患者预后评价。结果:两组治疗后尺偏角、掌偏角和桡骨高度较治疗前增加(P<0.05);切开组治疗后尺偏角、掌偏角和桡骨高度高于手法组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后MMWS较治疗前增加,而DASH-Chinese上肢功能评分较治疗前降低(P<0.05);切开组治疗后MMWS高于手法组,而DASH-Chinese上肢功能评分低于手法组(P<0.05)。切开组并发症发生率低于手法组(P<0.05)。结论:切开复位内固定术治疗老年人DRF有明显的临床优势,可以促进患者腕关节和上肢功能恢复。

老年股骨近端骨折围手术期处理流程的研究

目的研究老年股骨近端骨折围手术期处理流程,比较新旧流程体系的合理性以及治疗结果的有效性,不断改进,制定规范、合理的临床围手术期处置流程。方法本研究选取2016年1月—2019年7月包头医学院第三附属医院骨科使用旧有流程的老年髋部骨折患者102例,纳入旧流程组;2019年8月—2022年7月包头医学院第三附属医院骨科使用新流程患者118例,纳入新流程组。同时整理并收集新旧流程实施过程中的患者年龄、性别比例、入院诊断、平均手术等待时间、术中出血量、围手术期输血量,术后髋关节功能评定结果、手术并发症发生例数、平均医疗费用、平均住院时间、并发症加重情况等,通过收集数据进行组间比较,明确新旧流程实施结果。结果新流程组围手术期平均输血量为(257.63±77.24)mL,24 h内完成手术27例,平均住院医疗费用为(41602.6±11878.49)元,优于旧流程组的(333.33±135.22)mL、5例(、51790.49±15744.51)元,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新流程的实施可以有效缩短手术等待时间,缩短该类患者的平均住院日,有效降低围手术期用血量,降低住院期间医疗支出,提高24 h内手术完成率,是行之有效的围手术期处置流程。

椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定结合伤椎置钉方案对脊柱骨折患者伤椎恢复及疼痛的影响

目的探究椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定结合伤椎置钉方案对脊柱骨折患者伤椎恢复及疼痛的影响。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院2021年5月至2023年5月收治的50例脊柱骨折患者。采用抽签法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各25例。对照组采用棘突旁入路椎弓根螺钉内固定联合伤椎置钉治疗;观察组采用椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定结合伤椎置钉治疗。比较2组围手术期指标、疼痛度、椎体前缘高度改善状况、Cobb′s角、血清骨代谢指标水平、创伤因子水平。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、术后卧床时间、术后引流量、术后住院时间均少于/短于对照组,术后3 d疼痛视觉模拟量表评分低于对照组(均P<0.001)。术后3 d、3个月,观察组椎体前缘高度[(14.0±1.3)cm比(11.7±1.2)cm、(15.4±1.7)cm比(12.8±1.3)cm]、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽水平均高于对照组,Cobb′s角均小于对照组、Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽水平均低于对照组(均P<0.001)。术后3 d,观察组肌红蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶水平均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论椎弓根螺钉内固定结合伤椎置钉方案中使用椎旁肌间隙入路临床疗效更佳,具有手术切口小、时间短和恢复快的特征,且有助于患者伤椎恢复,减少疼痛,促进骨愈合。

三种内固定装置应用于PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的有限元分析

背景:目前临床上对于PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的内固定选用仍存在争议,选择提供稳定固定强度的内固定是实现PauwelsⅢ型骨折固定的关键基础。目的:利用三维有限元分析法测试3种类型内固定应用于PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的生物力学强度差异,为其临床治疗提供借鉴。方法:使用一名健康男性志愿者的左股骨CT数据,在Mimics软件中重建出一个完整的股骨及其骨松质,运用Geomagic studio软件进行逆向建模,并在UG-NX软件中创建出倒三角空心螺钉、动力髋螺钉、股骨颈动力交叉钉系统;将3种内固定模型分别装配至股骨模型上;通过Hypermesh软件模拟PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折;最后应用Abaqus软件进行有限元实验分析,分析比较不同内固定系统固定股骨颈骨折所产生的应力分布、应力峰值、应变情况及位移分布。结果与结论:①股骨近端骨块的应力主要分布在骨折端附近股骨颈下方区域,动力髋螺钉组的应力峰值最大,股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组最小;②内固定装置的应力分布主要集中在骨折线附近的螺钉表面,股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组的应力峰值最大,动力髋螺钉组最小;③股骨近端骨块的主要应变场分布于骨与螺钉接触的上表面区域,股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组的屈服应变最小,倒三角空心螺钉组最大;④内固定装置模型的主要应变场分布于股骨颈螺钉的上表面,股骨颈动力交叉钉系统组的屈服应变最小,倒三角空心螺钉组最大;⑤3种股骨颈骨折内固定模型中的股骨、近端骨块、远端骨块、内固定装置以及内固定与股骨整体的位移分布值均由近端到远端逐渐减小,其中股骨颈动力交叉钉系统固定组的位移峰值最大,动力髋螺钉组最小;⑥结果表明,在固定PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折时,股骨颈动力交叉钉系统的应力分布更为均匀、力学传导特性更好,其承受了较低的屈服应变、较高的应力和较高的位移;具有相对更良好的生物力学稳定性,能为骨折的愈合提供优越的力学环境。

不同复位条件下股骨颈骨折最优固定方式的有限元分析

背景:股骨颈骨折的传统固定方式为3枚空心螺钉倒三角固定,对于未达到解剖复位的股骨颈骨折的最优固定方式尚无定论。目的:基于有限元分析法比较空心钉固定不同复位条件下头下型股骨颈骨折的生物力学性能。方法:选取一名健康成年男性股骨近端CT数据重建三维模型,进行头下型骨折造模,将骨折模型分为解剖复位组、髋内翻组、髋外翻组,各骨折模型组均分出3个亚组,用标准组、螺钉压低组、螺钉抬高组进行转配,于髋臼顶向股骨头施加垂直向下1400 N的应力,观察不同固定方式下股骨及内固定物的位移和应力分布,对比股骨和固定物的应力和位移最大值。结果与结论:①解剖复位时,标准组、螺钉压低组、螺钉抬高组固定物应力峰值分别为41.35,31.27,43.32MPa,螺钉抬高组的股骨应力峰值最大(28.58 MPa),股骨的位移峰值标准组最大;②髋内翻时,3个亚组的应力均相对分散且均匀;标准组的股骨应力峰值最小,但位移峰值最大,固定的稳定性可能不佳;螺钉压低组股骨的位移峰值最小;③在髋外翻时,螺钉压低组出现明显的螺钉应力集中,且位移峰值为3个亚组中最大,出现in-out-in现象;螺钉抬高组螺钉的应力峰值为3个亚组中最大,但位移峰值最小;④提示在头下型股骨颈骨折中,当完全解剖复位时,推荐采用标准的倒三角置钉方式固定;当出现复位标准允许范围内的髋内翻及髋外翻,置入螺钉时,推荐采用随髋内或外翻同方向转动相应的角度置入倒三角螺钉固定。

髂筋膜阻滞联合椎管内麻醉对行股骨颈骨折外科手术患者的临床研究

目的:观察髂筋膜阻滞联合椎管内麻醉对行股骨颈骨折(FNF)外科手术患者的临床效果。方法:选取2022年2月—2023年10月于松滋市人民医院行FNF外科手术的101例患者作为研究对象,采用信封法随机分为对照组(50例)和观察组(51例)。对照组采用椎管内麻醉,观察组采用髂筋膜阻滞+椎管内麻醉。比较两组手术情况、术后恢复情况、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、应激指标、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分及并发症总发生率。结果:两组手术时间及术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组静脉镇痛泵24 h用药量、拔管时间以及术后首次下床时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前两组患者VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6 h、术后24 h观察组VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前两组去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、皮质醇(Cor)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);拔管后观察组三项应激指标低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前两组MMSE评分及PSQI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24 h观察组MMSE评分高于对照组,PSQI评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组嗜睡、头晕、尿潴留、感染并发症总发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:髂筋膜阻滞联合椎管内麻醉用于FNF外科手术患者可增强镇痛效果,抑制应激反应,减小对患者认知功能、睡眠质量的影响,降低不良反应发生率。