Myocardial metastasis from ZEB1-and TWIST-positive spindle cell carcinoma of the esophagus:A case report

BACKGROUND Metastatic cardiac tumors are known to occur more frequently than primary cardiac tumors,however,they often remain asymptomatic and are commonly dis-covered on autopsy.Malignant tumors with a relatively high frequency of cardiac metastasis include mesothelioma,melanoma,lung cancer,and breast cancer,whereas reports of esophageal cancer with cardiac metastasis are rare.CASE SUMMARY The case of a 60-year-old man who complained of dysphagia is presented.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a submucosal tumor-like elevated lesion in the esophagus causing stenosis.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed left atrial compression due to the esophageal tumor,multiple liver and lung metastases,and a left pleural effusion.Pathological examination of a biopsy speci-men from the esophageal tumor showed spindle-shaped cells,raising suspicion of esophageal sarcoma.The disease progressed rapidly,and systemic chemotherapy was deemed necessary,however,due to his poor general condition,adminis-tration of cytotoxic agents was considered difficult.Given his high Combined Positive Score,nivolumab was administered,however,the patient soon died from the disease.The autopsy confirmed spindle cell carcinoma(SCC)of the esophagus and cardiac metastasis with similar histological features.Cancer stem cell markers,ZEB1 and TWIST,were positive in both the primary tumor and the cardiac metastasis.CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge,there have been no prior reports of cardiac metastasis of esophageal SCC.This case highlights our experience with a patient with esophageal SCC who progressed rapidly and died from the disease,with the autopsy examination showing cardiac metastasis.

An Efficient Sleep Spindle Detection Algorithm Based on MP and LSBoost

Sleep spindles are an electroencephalogram(EEG)biomarker of non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep and have important implications for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.However,it is challenging to accurately detect sleep spindles due to the complexity of the human brain and the uncertainty of neural mechanisms.To improve the reliability and objectivity of sleep spindle detection and to compensate for the limitations of manual annotation,this study proposes a new automatic detection algorithm based on Matching Pursuit(MP)and Least Squares Boosting(LSBoost),where the automatic sleep spindle detection algorithm can help reduce the visual annotation workload of sleep clinicians.Specifically,MP is a time-frequency analysis method suitable for extracting spindle wave characteristics,which can accurately locate spindle waves on a time-frequency plane.LSBoost is an ensemble learning classification method to deal with unbalanced data.Initially,theMP method is used to search for EEG segments that are possible spindle waves from the filtered raw EEG data.Then,the designed feature segments are thrown into the LSBoost classifier to further identify the real spindles from all candidates and output the final results.The proposed method is verified on the common public dataset DREAMS.The experiment results showthat the sensitivity and F1-scores based on the sample-based assessments achieve 68.2% and 55.4%,respectively.Furthermore,the Recall and F1-score based on the event assessments are 83.8% and 70.8%,respectively.These results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to the subject changes in the DREAMS dataset.In addition,it improves the quality of sleep spindle detection,which is expected to assist the manual marking of experts.

Ensemble Model for Spindle Thermal Displacement Prediction of Machine Tools

Numerous factors affect the increased temperature of a machine tool, including prolonged and high-intensity usage,tool-workpiece interaction, mechanical friction, and elevated ambient temperatures, among others. Consequently,spindle thermal displacement occurs, and machining precision suffers. To prevent the errors caused by thetemperature rise of the Spindle fromaffecting the accuracy during themachining process, typically, the factory willwarm up themachine before themanufacturing process.However, if there is noway to understand the tool spindle’sthermal deformation, the machining quality will be greatly affected. In order to solve the above problem, thisstudy aims to predict the thermal displacement of the machine tool by using intelligent algorithms. In the practicalapplication, only a few temperature sensors are used to input the information into the prediction model for realtimethermal displacement prediction. This approach has greatly improved the quality of tool processing.However,each algorithm has different performances in different environments. In this study, an ensemble model is used tointegrate Long Short-TermMemory (LSTM) with Support VectorMachine (SVM). The experimental results showthat the prediction performance of LSTM-SVM is higher than that of other machine learning algorithms.

High spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit-3 expression predicts poor prognosis and correlates with adverse immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3(SKA3)is a malignancyassociated gene that plays a critical role in the regulation of chromosome separation and cell division.However,the molecular mechanism through which SKA3 regulates tumor cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has not been fully elucidated.AIM To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of SKA3 in HCC.METHODS SKA3 expression,clinicopathological,and survival analyses were performed using multiple public database platforms,and the results were verified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining using collected clinical samples.Functional enrichment analyses were performed to evaluate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of SKA3 in HCC.Furthermore,the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(ssGSEA)algorithms were utilized to investigate the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HCC.The response to chemotherapeutic drugs was evaluated by the R package“pRRophetic”.RESULTS We found that upregulated SKA3 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC.Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that SKA3 was an independent risk factor for survival.GSEA revealed that SKA3 expression may facilitate proliferation and migratory processes by regulating the cell cycle and DNA repair.Moreover,patients with high SKA3 expression had significantly decreased ratios of CD8+T cells,natural killer cells,and dendritic cells.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that the high SKA3 group was more sensitive to sorafenib,sunitinib,paclitaxel,doxorubicin,gemcitabine,and vx-680.CONCLUSION High SKA3 expression led to poor prognosis in patients with HCC by enhancing HCC proliferation and repressing immune cell infiltration surrounding HCC.SKA3 may be used as a biomarker for poor prognosis and as a therapeutic target in HCC.

Managing spindle cell sarcoma with surgery and high-intensity focused ultrasound:A case report

BACKGROUND Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas,also known as spindle cell sarcomas,are a relatively uncommon subtype of soft tissue sarcomas in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY We present a case report of a 69-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with undifferentiated spindle cell soft tissue sarcoma on her left thigh.Surgical excision was initially performed,but the patient experienced a local recurrence following multiple surgeries and radioactive particle implantations.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)was subsequently administered,resulting in complete ablation of the sarcoma without any significant complications other than bone damage at the treated site.However,approximately four months later,the patient experienced a broken lesion at the original location.After further diagnostic workup,the patient underwent additional surgery and is currently stable with a good quality of life.CONCLUSION HIFU has shown positive outcomes in achieving local control of limb spindle cell sarcoma,making it an effective non-invasive treatment option.

Spindle-view系统在猪卵母细胞去核中的应用

应用Spindle—view对体外成熟培养36、42、44和45h的猪体外成熟卵母细胞减数分裂纺锤体进行去核操作，并与传统去核方法（McGrath—Solter去核法，挤压去核法）相比较，结果表明：①在42～48h之间利用Spindle—view得到的猪卵纺锤体影像与极体的相对位置没有明显的变化；②Spindle—view适合用于猪体外成熟卵母细胞减数分裂纺锤体的观察及去核；去核效率与其他两种方法相比差异极显著（95．5％，42.1％，74．2％，P〈0．01）；③纺锤体成像是否清晰可用于猪卵母细胞的质量监控。

α-FeOOH和α-Fe_(2)O3纳米棒的制备及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

以FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O和CH_(3)COONa·3H_(2)O为原料,采用水热方法制备α-FeOOH纳米棒,将所得α-FeOOH纳米棒于250℃烧结2 h制备α-Fe_(2)O3纳米棒,采用差热-热重分析法研究了制备的α-FeOOH和α-Fe_(2)O3纳米棒对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能。结果表明:在100℃水热反应6 h可制备得到平均直径为18 nm的纯相α-FeOOH纳米棒,再于250℃烧结2 h后获得平均直径为16 nm的纯六方相α-Fe_(2)O3纳米棒;α-Fe_(2)O3和α-FeOOH纳米棒对高氯酸铵热分解的催化效果显著,添加质量分数2%的α-Fe_(2)O3纳米棒和α-FeOOH纳米棒可使高氯酸铵的结束分解温度分别降低40,54℃,高温分解峰值温度分别降低51.1,61.6℃;当α-Fe_(2)O3纳米棒添加质量分数达到10%时,高氯酸铵的高温分解峰值温度降低约90.9℃。

Compliance Analysis of a 3-DOF Spindle Head by Considering Gravitational Effects

The compliance modeling is one of the most significant issues in the stage of preliminary design for parallel kinematic machine（PKM）. The gravity ignored in traditional compliance analysis has a significant effect on pose accuracy of tool center point（TCP） when a PKM is horizontally placed. By taking gravity into account, this paper presents a semi-analytical approach for compliance analysis of a 3-DOF spindle head named the A3 head. The architecture behind the A3 head is a 3-RPS parallel mechanism having one translational and two rotational movement capabilities, which can be employed to form the main body of a 5-DOF hybrid kinematic machine especially designed for high-speed machining of large aircraft components. The force analysis is carried out by considering both the externally applied wrench imposed upon the platform as well as gravity of all moving components. Then, the deflection analysis is investigated to establish the relationship between the deflection twist and compliances of all joints and links using semi-analytical method. The merits of this approach lie in that platform deflection twist throughout the entire task workspace can be evaluated in a very efficient manner. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by the FEA and experiment at different configurations and the results show that the discrepancy of the compliances is less than 0.04 μm/N^-1 and that of the deformations is less than 10μm. The computational and experimental results show that the deflection twist induced by gravity forces of the moving components has significant bearings on pose accuracy of the platform, providing an informative guidance for the improvement of the current design. The proposed approach can be easily applied to the compliance analysis of PKM by considering gravitational effects and to evaluate the deformation caused by gravity throughout the entire workspace.

Sensory reinnervation of muscle spindles after repair of tibial nerve defects using autogenous vein grafts

Motor reinnervation after repair of tibial nerve defects using autologous vein grafts in rats has previously been reported, but sensory reinnervation after the same repair has not been fully investigated. In this study, partial sensory reinnervation of muscle spindles was observed after repair of lO-mm left tibial nerve defects using autologous vein grafts with end-to-end anasto- mosis in rats, and functional recovery was confirmed by electrophysiological studies. There were no significant differences in the number, size, or electrophysiological function of reinnervated muscle spindles between the two experimental groups. These findings suggest that repair of short nerve defects with autologous vein grafts provides comparable results to immediate end-to-end anastomosis in terms of sensory reinnervation of muscle spindles.

Thermal Influence of the Couette Flow in a Hydrostatic Spindle on the Machining Precision

Hydrostatic spindles are increasingly used in precision machine tools. Thermal error is the key factor affecting the machining accuracy of the spindle, and research has focused on spindle thermal errors through examination of the influence of the temperature distribution, thermal deformation and spindle mode. However, seldom has any research investigated the thermal effects of the associated Couette flow. To study the heat transfer mechanism in spindle systems, the criterion of the heat transfer direction according to the temperature distribution of the Couette flow at different temperatures is deduced. The method is able to deal accurately with the significant phenomena occurring at every place where thermal energy flowed in such a spindle system. The variation of the motion error induced by thermal effects on a machine work-table during machining is predicated by establishing the thermo-mechanical error model of the hydrostatic spindle for a high precision machine tool. The flow state and thermal behavior of a hydrostatic spindle is analyzed with the evaluated heat power and the coefficients of the convective heat transfer over outer surface of the spindle are calculated, and the thermal influence on the oil film stiffness is evaluated. Thermal drift of the spindle nose is measured with an inductance micrometer, the thermal deformation data 1.35 μm after running for 4 h is consistent with the value predicted by the finite element analysis’s simulated result 1.28 μm, and this demonstrates that the simulation method is feasible. The thermal effects on the processing accuracy from the flow characteristics of the fluid inside the spindle are analyzed for the first time.

Hydrothermal synthesis of spindle-like Li_2FeSiO_4-C composite as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

In this paper,we report on the preparation of Li2FeSiO4,sintered Li2FeSiO4,and Li2FeSiO4-C composite with spindle-like morphologies and their application as cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries.Spindle-like Li2FeSi04 was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method with（NH4）2Fe（SO4）2 as the iron source.The spindle-like Li2FeSiO4 was sintered at 600 ℃ for 6 h in Ar atmosphere.Li2FeSiO4-C composite was obtained by the hydrothermal treatment of spindle-like Li2FeSiO4 in glucose solution at 190 ℃ for 3 h.Electrochemical measurements show that after carbon coating,the electrode performances such as discharge capacity and high-rate capability are greatly enhanced.In particular.Li2FeSiO4-C with carbon content of 7.21 wt%delivers the discharge capacities of 160.9 mAh·g-1 at room temperature and 213 mAh·g-1 at45℃（0.1 C）,revealing the potential application in lithium-ion batteries.

MECHANICAL-ELECTRIC COUPLING DYNAMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ULTRA-HIGH SPEED GRINDING MOTORIZED SPINDLE SYSTEM

On the basis of the traditional mechanical model of a grinding wheel rotor and the mechanical-electric coupling model with ideal sinusoidal supply, taking high-frequency converting current of inverter power switches into further consideration, a modified mechanical-electric coupling model is created. The created model consists of an inverter, a motorized spindle, a grinding wheel and grinding loads. Some typical non-stationary processes of the grinding system with two different supplies, including the starting, the speed rising and the break in grinding loads, are compared by making use of the created model. One supply is an ideal sinusoidal voltage source, the other is an inverter. The theoretical analysis of the high-order harmonic is also compared with the experimental result. The material strategy of suppressing high-order harmonic mechanical-electric coupling vibration by optimizing inverter operating parameters is proposed.

Experimental Study on Meiotic Spindles and Chromosomes of Mouse Mature (MⅡ) Stage Oocytes under Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Taking the mouse as a model, the experimental method of observing the morphology of meiotic spindles and chromosomes in mature oocytes were investigated in order to evaluate the effects of various interventions on the quality of oocytes accurately and rapidly. Laser scanning confocal microscope （LSCM） was used to examine the meiotic spindles and chromosomes by the technologies of optical section and three-dimensional （3D） image reconstruction. The results showed that the configurations of meiotic spindles and chromosomes could be observed clearly by LSCM. The normal rate of meiotic spindles and chromosomes was 82% and 86% respectively. It was concluded that the LSCM was a valid instrument to observe the meiotic spindles and chromosomes of mature oocytes and could be used as a valid method to evaluate the quality of MⅡocytes.

Optimization of Bearing Locations for Maximizing First Mode Natural Frequency of Motorized Spindle-Bearing Systems Using a Genetic Algorithm

This paper has developed a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization approach to search for the optimal locations to install bearings on the motorized spindle shaft to maximize its first-mode natural frequency (FMNF). First, a finite element method (FEM) dynamic model of the spindle-bearing system is formulated, and by solving the eigenvalue problem derived from the equations of motion, the natural frequencies of the spindle system can be acquired. Next, the mathematical model is built, which includes the objective function to maximize FMNF and the constraints to limit the locations of the bearings with respect to the geometrical boundaries of the segments they located and the spacings between adjacent bearings. Then, the Sequential Decoding Process (SDP) GA is designed to accommodate the dependent characteristics of the constraints in the mathematical model. To verify the proposed SDP-GA optimization approach, a four-bearing installation optimazation problem of an illustrative spindle system is investigated. The results show that the SDP-GA provides well convergence for the optimization searching process. By applying design of experiments and analysis of variance, the optimal values of GA parameters are determined under a certain number restriction in executing the eigenvalue calculation subroutine. A linear regression equation is derived also to estimate necessary calculation efforts with respect to the specific quality of the optimization solution. From the results of this illustrative example, we can conclude that the proposed SDP-GA optimization approach is effective and efficient.

THE ROLE OF BRAIN-STEM DISCENDING INHIBITORY SYSTEM IN THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT ELICITED BY MUSCLE SPINDLE AFFERENTS

Objective To analyse the antinociceptive effect of muscle spindle afferents and the involved mechanism.Methods The single unit of wide dynamic range neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn were recorded extracelluarly.The effects of muscle spindle afferents elicited by intravenous administration of succinylcholine on nociceptive responses (C fibres evoked responses,C responses) of WDR neurons were observed before and after bilateral lesions of ventrolateral periaqueduct gray .And the effects of muscle spindle afferents on the spontaneous discharge of the tail flick related cell in the rostral ventro medial medulla and on the spontaneous discharge of the PAG neurons were observed.Results The C responses of WDR neurons were significantly inhibited by muscle spindle afferents,and the inhibitory effects were reduced by bilateral lesions of ventrolateral PAG.The spontaneous discharge of the off cell in the RVM was excited while the on cell was inhibited by intravenous administration of Sch.The spontaneous discharge of the PAG neurons were excited by muscle spindle afferents.Conclusion Muscle spindle afferents show a distinct effect of antinociception.PAG RVM descending inhibitory system may play an important role in this nociceptive modulative mechanism.

Thermal Model of High-Speed Spindle Units

For the purpose to facilitate development of high-speed Spindle Units (SUs) running on rolling bearings, we have developed a beam element model, algorithms, and software for computer analysis of thermal characteristics of SUs. The thermal model incorporates a model of heat generation in rolling bearings, a model of heat transfer from bearings, and models for estimation of temperature and temperature deformations of SU elements. We have carried out experimental test and made quantitative evaluation of the effect of operation conditions on friction and thermal characteristics of the SUs of grinding and turning machines of typical structures. It is found that the operation conditions make stronger effect on SU temperatures when rpm increases. A comparison between the results of analysis and experiment proves their good mutual correspondence and allows us to recommend application of the models and software developed for design and research of high-speed SUs running on rolling bearings.

Research on Control System of Spindle Drive for High Speed Spinning Machine

Through analyzing the principle of spindle drive of winding mechanism for high speed spinning machine,the article not only describes a kind of mode of spindle drive for take-up motion on the basis of control method of constant velocity winding, but also introduces the design technique of software and hardware for the control system of mechatronics of spindle drive mode for take- up motion on the basis of constant velocity winding for high speed spinning machine with single-chip microcomputer. The mathematical model to describe the spindle rotating speed is established. It is an important technology for high speed spinning machine and provides a feasible application way.

Study on Automated Assembly Process Planning for the Spindle Box of NC Lathe

This paper introduces a system of computer aided assembly process planning for spindle box of NC lathe. The method of describing assembly information and generating assembly process drawing is presented. The principles of decision for assembly sequence ar

MINITYPE MACHINING SYSTEM FOR DIAMOND LAPPING & POLISHING BY USING BRUSHLESS DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR AS PRECISE SPINDLE

A minitype precise spindle system which can machine precisely and stably in the process of diamond lapping and polishing is designed. In such minitype spindle system, the brushless DC spindle motor is used to drive the lapping finish table, which is built with fluid dynamic bearings. Some measures have been taken to make the lapping system dynamic balance, and a servo controller which can adjust the speed of motor from 1200 r/min to 5400 r/min is designed. Experiments show that the spindle system is reliable and stable for diamond polishing, and the detection results by atomic force microscope（AFM） show that the surfaces of diamond edge＇s Ra is 6.725 nm and whole diamond average Ra is 3.25 nm.

CFD-based design and analysis of air-bearing-supported paint spray spindle

In this paper, an analytical scientific approach is presented for the design and analysis of an air-turbine-driven paint spray spindle, and it is used to improve further the design concept of the existing spindle applied in automotive coating and paint spraying applications. The current spindle on the market can operate at a maximum speed of 100,000 rpm and features a maximum bell size of 70 mm diameter. Given the increasing demands for high automotive coating/painting quality and productivity in assembly, the design and development of a paint spray spindle with a speed of 145,000 rpm or higher is needed. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-based simulation is applied in the approach. Accordingly, CFD simulation-based design and analysis are undertaken, covering the characteristic factors of velocity, pressure of the air supply, rotational speed of the air-turbine, and torque and force reaction on the turbine blades. Furthermore, the turbine blade geometric shape is investigated through the simulations. Three geometrical concepts have been investigated against the original model. The results on Concept_03 verified the higher angular velocity speeds against the theoretical model. The pressure and velocity effects in the blades have been investigated. The results show that the pressure and velocity of the air supply driving the turbine are critical factors influencing the stability of turbine spinning. The results also demonstrate that the force acting on the blades is at the highest level when the adjacent face changes from a straight surface into a curve. Finally, changing the geometrical shape in the turbine likely increases the tangential air pressure at the blades surface and relatively increases the magnitude of the lateral torque and force in the spindle. Notwithstanding this condition, the analytical values surpass the theoretical target values.