Assessing the prognosis before treatment for metastatic spine tumor is extremely important in therapy selection.Therefore,we review some prognostic scoring systems and their outcomes.Articles with combinations of two ...Assessing the prognosis before treatment for metastatic spine tumor is extremely important in therapy selection.Therefore,we review some prognostic scoring systems and their outcomes.Articles with combinations of two keywords among"metastatic spine tumor"and"prognosis","score","scoring system","predicting",or"life expectancy"were searched for in Pub Med.As a result,236 articles were extracted.Those referring to representative scoring systems about predicting the survival of patients with metastatic spine tumors were used.The significance and limits of these scoring systems,and the future perspectives were described.Tokuhashi score,Tomita score,Baur score,Linden score,Rades score,and Katagiri score were introduced.They are all scoring systems prepared by combining factors that affect prognosis.The primary site of cancer and visceral metastasis were common factors in all of these scoring systems.Other factors selected to influence the prognosis varied.They were useful to roughly predict thesurvival period,such as,"more than one year or not"or"more than six months or not".In particular,they were utilized for decision-making about operative indications and avoidance of excessive medical treatment.Because the function depended on the survival period in the patients with metastatic spine tumor,it was also utilized in assessing functional prognosis.However,no scoring system had more than 90%consistency between the predicted and actual survival periods.Future perspectives should adopt more oncological viewpoints with adjustment of the process of treatment for metastatic spine tumor.展开更多
Primary malignant tumors of the spine are relatively rare, less than 5% of all spinal column tumors. However, these lesions are often among the most difficult to treat and encompass challenging pathologies such as cho...Primary malignant tumors of the spine are relatively rare, less than 5% of all spinal column tumors. However, these lesions are often among the most difficult to treat and encompass challenging pathologies such as chordoma and a variety of invasive sarcomas. The mechanisms of tumor recurrence after surgical intervention, as well as resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, remain a pervasive and costly problem. Recent evidence has emerged supporting the hypothesis that solid tumors contain a sub-population of cancer cells that possess characteristics normally associated with stem cells. Particularly, the potential for long-term proliferation appears to be restricted to subpopulations of cancer stem cells(CSCs) functionally defined by their capacity to self-renew and give rise to differentiated cells that phenotypically recapitulate the original tumor, thereby causing relapse and patient death. These cancer stem cells present a unique opportunity to better understand the biology of solid tumors in general, as well as targets for future therapeutics. The general objective of the current study is to discuss the fundamental concepts for understanding the role of CSCs with respect to chemoresistance, radioresistance, special cell surface markers, cancer recurrence and metastasis intumors of the osseous spine. This discussion is followed by a specific review of what is known about the role of CSCs in chordoma, the most common primary malignant osseous tumor of the spine.展开更多
Background: Spinal canal tumors are difficult to diagnose and treat. The traditional surgical approaches for attempting a complete excision of these lesions frequently involve big incisions and tissue dissection with ...Background: Spinal canal tumors are difficult to diagnose and treat. The traditional surgical approaches for attempting a complete excision of these lesions frequently involve big incisions and tissue dissection with high risk of postop instability and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Also, there is a risk of neurological worsening, sometimes irreversible. Methods: We present our experience in a patient series with spinal canal tumors and describe the surgical approach with minimally invasive techniques (MIS). All of them were performed by the Neurosurgery team of the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio during the period of 2011-2016. Results: We reviewed forty patients with spinal canal tumors surgically treated with MIS techniques. 15 patients (37.5%) had Meningioma diagnosis (complete resection in 11 (73.3%), subtotal in 3 (20%) and biopsy in one patient), 10 patients (25%) with Schwannomas reached complete resection in 70% and subtotal in 30%. 5 patients had spinal cord metastasis, with complete resection in 4 patients (80%) and subtotal in 1 (20%). Other included ependymoma, astrocytoma, and miscellaneous. No patient has had cerebrospinal fluid leakage and no postoperative fusion has been required. Conclusions: The minimally invasive approach allowed complete tumors removal in a high number of patients and good postoperative results. These findings are similar and in some cases, better than the reported with traditional techniques. This MIS technique provides encouraging results. It requires a wide learning curve and a high degree of surgical experience.展开更多
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(MPNST) is an uncommon sarcoma which arises from pluripotent stem cells of the neural crest and differentiates predominantly towards Schwann cells. Low grade spinal MPNST with sk...Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(MPNST) is an uncommon sarcoma which arises from pluripotent stem cells of the neural crest and differentiates predominantly towards Schwann cells. Low grade spinal MPNST with skeletal muscle differentiation(malignant triton tumor) is vanishingly rare. In this study, we report a case of a 53-year-old female with a homogenously enhancing C2-C4 extradural lesion. The lesion demonstrated a biphasic histologic pattern with a diffusely infiltrating, atypical spindle cell component strongly positive for vimentin and focally positive for S-100. The second component consisted of diffusely scattered clusters of mature skeletal muscle cells which were positive for desmin, fast myosin and muscle specific actin but negative for Myogenin and Myo D-1. The Ki-67 labeling index was low(< 1%) and no necrosis was identified. The present case is remarkable because of its rare location, low grade histology and unusual immunophenotype ofthe skeletal muscle component, which were not previously described.展开更多
目的探索层面编码金属伪影校正结合视角倾斜(slice-encoding metal artifact corrections-view-angle tilting,SEMAC-VAT)技术能否减少3D打印人工椎体脊柱重建术术后成像中金属伪影的影响。材料与方法于2020年3月至2020年9月期间在北京...目的探索层面编码金属伪影校正结合视角倾斜(slice-encoding metal artifact corrections-view-angle tilting,SEMAC-VAT)技术能否减少3D打印人工椎体脊柱重建术术后成像中金属伪影的影响。材料与方法于2020年3月至2020年9月期间在北京大学第三医院前瞻性招募了17名行3D打印人工椎体脊柱重建术的患者行T2加权SEMAC-VAT序列及T2加权快速自旋回波(turbo-spin-echo,TSE)序列成像。由两名影像诊断医师对图像进行评估对比,包括:金属伪影大小、信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR),以及人工椎体周围关键解剖结构的可见度。变量的对比采用配对样本t检验、独立样本t检验以及秩和检验。采用Kappa系数评估观察者间一致性。结果与T2加权TSE序列相比,SEMAC-VAT序列可以显著减小伪影的前后径[(3.1±7.5)mm vs.(9.0±9.1)mm,P<0.01]和上下径[(4.8±6.3)mm vs.(15.4±14.5)mm,P<0.01],显著提高人工椎体周围椎间孔、神经根,以及骨-金属交界的可见度(P均<0.05)。椎管的可见度在两种序列中可见度相当(P=1.000)。SEMAC-VAT序列的图像SNR显著低于TSE序列(P均<0.05)。结论在3 T MRI中,SEMAC-VAT序列成像可以有效减轻3D打印金属椎体伪影,可改善大部分3D打印人工椎体周围解剖结构可见度,可能有助于提高3D打印人工椎体脊柱重建术术后MRI的诊断效能。展开更多
文摘Assessing the prognosis before treatment for metastatic spine tumor is extremely important in therapy selection.Therefore,we review some prognostic scoring systems and their outcomes.Articles with combinations of two keywords among"metastatic spine tumor"and"prognosis","score","scoring system","predicting",or"life expectancy"were searched for in Pub Med.As a result,236 articles were extracted.Those referring to representative scoring systems about predicting the survival of patients with metastatic spine tumors were used.The significance and limits of these scoring systems,and the future perspectives were described.Tokuhashi score,Tomita score,Baur score,Linden score,Rades score,and Katagiri score were introduced.They are all scoring systems prepared by combining factors that affect prognosis.The primary site of cancer and visceral metastasis were common factors in all of these scoring systems.Other factors selected to influence the prognosis varied.They were useful to roughly predict thesurvival period,such as,"more than one year or not"or"more than six months or not".In particular,they were utilized for decision-making about operative indications and avoidance of excessive medical treatment.Because the function depended on the survival period in the patients with metastatic spine tumor,it was also utilized in assessing functional prognosis.However,no scoring system had more than 90%consistency between the predicted and actual survival periods.Future perspectives should adopt more oncological viewpoints with adjustment of the process of treatment for metastatic spine tumor.
文摘Primary malignant tumors of the spine are relatively rare, less than 5% of all spinal column tumors. However, these lesions are often among the most difficult to treat and encompass challenging pathologies such as chordoma and a variety of invasive sarcomas. The mechanisms of tumor recurrence after surgical intervention, as well as resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, remain a pervasive and costly problem. Recent evidence has emerged supporting the hypothesis that solid tumors contain a sub-population of cancer cells that possess characteristics normally associated with stem cells. Particularly, the potential for long-term proliferation appears to be restricted to subpopulations of cancer stem cells(CSCs) functionally defined by their capacity to self-renew and give rise to differentiated cells that phenotypically recapitulate the original tumor, thereby causing relapse and patient death. These cancer stem cells present a unique opportunity to better understand the biology of solid tumors in general, as well as targets for future therapeutics. The general objective of the current study is to discuss the fundamental concepts for understanding the role of CSCs with respect to chemoresistance, radioresistance, special cell surface markers, cancer recurrence and metastasis intumors of the osseous spine. This discussion is followed by a specific review of what is known about the role of CSCs in chordoma, the most common primary malignant osseous tumor of the spine.
文摘Background: Spinal canal tumors are difficult to diagnose and treat. The traditional surgical approaches for attempting a complete excision of these lesions frequently involve big incisions and tissue dissection with high risk of postop instability and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Also, there is a risk of neurological worsening, sometimes irreversible. Methods: We present our experience in a patient series with spinal canal tumors and describe the surgical approach with minimally invasive techniques (MIS). All of them were performed by the Neurosurgery team of the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio during the period of 2011-2016. Results: We reviewed forty patients with spinal canal tumors surgically treated with MIS techniques. 15 patients (37.5%) had Meningioma diagnosis (complete resection in 11 (73.3%), subtotal in 3 (20%) and biopsy in one patient), 10 patients (25%) with Schwannomas reached complete resection in 70% and subtotal in 30%. 5 patients had spinal cord metastasis, with complete resection in 4 patients (80%) and subtotal in 1 (20%). Other included ependymoma, astrocytoma, and miscellaneous. No patient has had cerebrospinal fluid leakage and no postoperative fusion has been required. Conclusions: The minimally invasive approach allowed complete tumors removal in a high number of patients and good postoperative results. These findings are similar and in some cases, better than the reported with traditional techniques. This MIS technique provides encouraging results. It requires a wide learning curve and a high degree of surgical experience.
文摘Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(MPNST) is an uncommon sarcoma which arises from pluripotent stem cells of the neural crest and differentiates predominantly towards Schwann cells. Low grade spinal MPNST with skeletal muscle differentiation(malignant triton tumor) is vanishingly rare. In this study, we report a case of a 53-year-old female with a homogenously enhancing C2-C4 extradural lesion. The lesion demonstrated a biphasic histologic pattern with a diffusely infiltrating, atypical spindle cell component strongly positive for vimentin and focally positive for S-100. The second component consisted of diffusely scattered clusters of mature skeletal muscle cells which were positive for desmin, fast myosin and muscle specific actin but negative for Myogenin and Myo D-1. The Ki-67 labeling index was low(< 1%) and no necrosis was identified. The present case is remarkable because of its rare location, low grade histology and unusual immunophenotype ofthe skeletal muscle component, which were not previously described.
文摘目的探索层面编码金属伪影校正结合视角倾斜(slice-encoding metal artifact corrections-view-angle tilting,SEMAC-VAT)技术能否减少3D打印人工椎体脊柱重建术术后成像中金属伪影的影响。材料与方法于2020年3月至2020年9月期间在北京大学第三医院前瞻性招募了17名行3D打印人工椎体脊柱重建术的患者行T2加权SEMAC-VAT序列及T2加权快速自旋回波(turbo-spin-echo,TSE)序列成像。由两名影像诊断医师对图像进行评估对比,包括:金属伪影大小、信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR),以及人工椎体周围关键解剖结构的可见度。变量的对比采用配对样本t检验、独立样本t检验以及秩和检验。采用Kappa系数评估观察者间一致性。结果与T2加权TSE序列相比,SEMAC-VAT序列可以显著减小伪影的前后径[(3.1±7.5)mm vs.(9.0±9.1)mm,P<0.01]和上下径[(4.8±6.3)mm vs.(15.4±14.5)mm,P<0.01],显著提高人工椎体周围椎间孔、神经根,以及骨-金属交界的可见度(P均<0.05)。椎管的可见度在两种序列中可见度相当(P=1.000)。SEMAC-VAT序列的图像SNR显著低于TSE序列(P均<0.05)。结论在3 T MRI中,SEMAC-VAT序列成像可以有效减轻3D打印金属椎体伪影,可改善大部分3D打印人工椎体周围解剖结构可见度,可能有助于提高3D打印人工椎体脊柱重建术术后MRI的诊断效能。
