Study on the static properties of spiral springs under static loading

Spiral springs have a wide range of applications in various fields.As a result of the complexity of friction,few theoretical analyses of spring belts under static loading have been carried out.Considering the piecewise smooth property of the whole contact area,a simplified static model of spiral springs under loading is established in this paper.Besides,three main stress and friction distribution areas of the spring belt are proposed,namely,internal,transitional,and external regions.Since the outermost side of the spring is not subject to any pressure,a recursive method is adopted from the outside to the inside.The model provides the parameter conditions,i.e.,the internal and external forces are independent or dependent.Therefore,the case that the whole contact region of the spring belt has one subregion,two subregions,and three subregions is obtained.The model gives a theoretical basis for the parameter optimization of spiral springs.

Elastic energy storage technology using spiral spring devices and its applications:A review

Harvesting and storing energy is a key problem in some applications.Elastic energy storage technology has the advantages of wide-sources,simple structural principle,renewability,high effectiveness and environmental-friendliness.This paper elaborates the operational principles and technical properties and summarizes the appli-cability of elastic energy storage technology with spiral springs.Elastic energy storage using spiral spring can realize the balance between energy supply and demand in some applications.Continuous input-spontaneous out-put working style can provide simple energy sources for short-time energy supply,and provide strong moment impact and rapid start,or realize the energy conservation for reciprocating movement.Uniform output working style can realize energy output with uniform speed for timekeeping and load-driving.Random input working style can harvest and store random mechanical energy or convert small torque into a large moment to drive external loads.Finally,this paper proposes new researches and developments of elastic energy storage technology on new materials and structures,mechanical properties and structural dynamics analyses,design and control for new functions.

Control Design and Implementation of a Spiral Spring Energy Storage System Connected to a Grid via PMSG

For an innovative spiral spring energy storage system,the permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG)is utilized as the energy conversion device due to its simple structure,low weight and high torque.During power generation,the output torque and moment of inertia of the spiral spring are changing continuously and simultaneously and the parameters of the PMSG show uncertainties.Furthermore,the DC link voltage of the converter should be stable and the power injected into the grid needs to be controlled.First,the change features of the external power source and the uncertainties of the generator’s internal parameters are expressed as the comprehensive disturbances,which are introduced into the dynamic model of the PMSG and also modify the dynamic model.Then,the high gain observers are utilized to estimate the comprehensive disturbances,and an improved robust backstepping control scheme integrating L2 gain and high gain observers is proposed.Secondly,the gridside inverter controller for the DC voltage loop and reactive power loop is designed based on the backstepping theory.Finally,hardware implementation is fulfilled to verify the presented algorithm.The results show that high gain observers are able to accurately estimate the external and internal interferences;the proposed control scheme can effectively suppress the external and internal interferences and guarantees output current,operating speed of the PMSG and output reactive power to correctly track respective references,and effectively stabilize the DC link voltage.

Spiral Torsion Spring Optimization Design for Separation Devices

As a driving element,the spiral torsion spring can control the release velocity by the optimization design of spring parameters and be used for separation devices,which is conducive to unlocking synchronicity and low-shock of the separation. On the basis of analyzing the performance requirements of the spiral torsion spring in a spacecraft device,the optimization design model of the spiral torsion spring is given, which takes the spiral torsion spring's length,width and thickness as the optimization variables,and the minimum volume as the optimization objective. The model considers output torque,strength,the maximal resetting load,holding force,and low shock as constraint conditions. A case is given to analyze the proposed model. The analysis results show the optimization scheme decreases the volume of the spiral torsion spring and meets the performance requirements of the separation device.

FEM Analysis and Simulation for Prediction of Press-Forming and Spring Back of Spiral Plates

In order to provide technical supports for designing a new type of spiral plate forming machine, FEM analysis and simulation were carried out based on pressing tests. Deformation, stress distribution, residual stress and spring back of the spiral plate were calculated. Relationships between the spiral pitch to inclination angle of the punch and die, material properties and thickness of the plate were analyzed. A data converter was developed and effectively used in the analysis. The results of FEM analysis and simulation have been applied to design the spiral plate forming machines.

基于ANSYS的三维非线性有限元螺旋弹簧接触仿真分析

螺旋弹簧作为车辆悬架中重要弹性元件之一,直接影响到车辆运行品质。为研究螺旋弹簧的几何参数对弹簧刚度的影响,利用ANSYS的APDL语言参数化建立的有限元模型进行计算,从是否考虑支撑圈与工作圈接触问题的结果,与弹簧刚度理论公式分析计算对比分析,验证三维非线性接触有限元螺旋弹簧模型的合理性,进一步分析锥形角度对弹簧刚度等的影响。改变参数快速建立0°、5°、10°的三种不同锥形角度螺旋弹簧模型,计算得到各种模型的荷载位移曲线,进而分析弹簧刚度、Mises应力、接触应力等影响规律。本文建议锥形螺旋弹簧设置锥度在5°以内,既可提高极限荷载,又可降低接触应力,减少材料疲劳破坏,提高使用寿命,为锥形螺旋弹簧的设计提供参考依据。

基于螺旋弹簧的引信用低g值MEMS惯性开关

微机电系统(MEMS)惯性开关在引信领域有广阔的应用前景,但可用于引信工作环境的低g值型MEMS惯性开关较少。对此,为低发射过载的弹药引信提出一种低闭合阈值的MEMS惯性开关设计方案,满足引信识别低g值冲击信号的功能需求,实现稳定接通引信电源的功能,同时具备抵抗引信工作环境中高过载的能力,提高引信可靠性。依据触发信号特征和引信工作环境提出设计要求,对惯性开关的振荡模型进行理论分析,阐明惯性开关结构尺寸对开关性能的影响规律,给出开关整体设计方案,并应用ANSYS有限元软件对设计结果进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的惯性开关能够监测幅值为20g、脉宽为1 ms的冲击信号,开关响应时间小于1 ms,电极接触时间长于30μs,抗过载性能达到12 000g,满足性能指标要求。

考虑时滞的涡簧储能用永磁同步电机反推控制

针对采样、通信等造成的时滞现象弱化涡簧储能系统运行性能的问题,设计了考虑时滞的涡簧储能用永磁同步电机反推控制方法。首先在dq0坐标系下建立考虑电流延时的永磁同步电机数学模型;在此基础上,采用Lyapunov-Krasovskii理论设计含有时滞的Lyapunov函数,并结合反推控制方法,推导出永磁同步电机时滞反推控制器,以消除时滞对系统的影响,并保证系统闭环稳定性。仿真和实验结果表明,随着时滞的增加,系统控制响应偏差和波动影响也变大,甚至有可能导致系统失去稳定;与常规反推控制器相比,对于常时滞和变时滞情形,考虑时滞的反推控制器下永磁同步电机的速度和电流均能更准确跟踪各自的参考值,同时响应速度更快、且波动更小,极大改善了时滞对于系统运行性能的影响。

圆柱螺旋弹簧低疲劳寿命断裂原因分析

圆柱螺旋弹簧进行疲劳试验期间,在远低于设计要求的情况下发生失效。对圆柱螺旋弹簧异常断裂原因进行分析,结果表明:弹簧的失效性质为疲劳断裂,各项检查均未发现异常,试样出现异常断裂的情况可能与疲劳数据的分散性有关。进一步数值模拟结果显示,弹簧偏移加载和弹簧长度误差对疲劳寿命影响明显。

变刚度螺旋弹簧的设计方法和精确建模初探

推导并整理了弹簧设计的过程 ,完成了实现变刚度特性的变弹簧中径、变簧丝直径和变螺旋角螺旋弹簧的设计方法 ,并利用 UG 软件的二次开发功能成功的实现了其精确数模的建立工作。

一种形状记忆合金扭转驱动器的制备与测试

研究了一种以镍钛（NiTi）形状记忆合金带材为基本驱动材料的平面涡卷式扭转驱动器。该驱动器利用NiTi合金的单程形状记忆效应与回复弹簧的相互作用，实现驱动器在高低温状态下正反两向的扭矩输出。分析了驱动器的基本结构形式和驱动原理，探讨了NiTi合金驱动部件的设计方法和基本制备工艺。设计制作了驱动器原理样机，并测试了驱动器的输入输出特性。测试结果表明，该驱动器在给定的高低温环境（10～60℃）下能够在正反两个方向连续稳定地输出扭矩，最大行程范围为0～175°，最大输出扭矩达到0．33N·m。实测结果证明了驱动器设计方案与制备工艺的可行性。

涡旋柔性弹簧型线设计及有限元分析

提出了广泛用于小型低温制冷机上直线压缩机中涡旋柔性弹簧型线设计方法。利用基本的圆渐开线方程,通过调整基圆半径、渐开线节距、渐开线发生角、涡旋体槽宽、涡旋体圈数、渐开线的渐开角以及涡旋槽在空间的分布,来实现柔性弹簧型线的设计。为了分析柔性弹簧的各项性能,建立了有限元应力分析模型,通过有限元软件平台,对广泛使用的牛津型型线的柔性弹簧进行了数值分析,并将分析结果与实验数据进行了对比,证明了有限元方法的有效性。根据不同的实际性能要求设计出了不同型线的柔性弹簧。通过分析得出了弹簧几何特征与弹簧刚度之间的关系。

螺旋线圈强化管内单相流体传热的研究

研究了内插螺旋线圈的水平圆管内水的对流强化传热及流阻特性 ,探索了螺旋丝径不变 ,螺距变化对传热及流体阻力的影响 ;螺距不变 ,螺旋丝径变化对传热及流体阻力的影响。实验采用2 5mm× 2mm的紫铜圆管 ,实验段长 1 .68m ,管内走水 ,Re数的范围在 30 0 0～ 2 5 0 0 0之间。通过对实验数据的多元线性回归 ,得到了传热与流体阻力的实验关联式 ,采用 (Nus/Nu) 3.5/ ( fs/ f)作为评估传热与流阻性能的综合判据 ,实验结果表明 :在实验范围内 ,(Nus/Nu) 3.5/ ( fs/ f)的值在 1 .2～ 1 0 .7之间 ,大于 1 。

螺旋弹簧的驻波效应对悬架隔振特性的影响

本文在线性假设的条件下 ,利用四端参数的分析方法 ,研究分析了悬架螺旋弹簧的驻波效应及其对悬架振动传递特性的影响 ,并利用研究结果对悬架振动实际实验中测量得到的结果进行了解释。最后 ,提出了抑制螺旋弹簧驻波效应的方法。

基础隔震层钢螺旋弹簧软碰撞限位实验研究

设计制作了基础隔震软碰撞限位实验模型与3种类型的钢螺旋弹簧限位器,给出了实测的限位器力学特性参数。进行9种工况的振动台模型实验,分析实验数据得出了软碰撞限位器参数对结构反应的影响规律,优选出了适用于本隔震实验模型的软碰撞限位工况。

基于柔性板簧的三自由度球形超声波电机静力学建模与分析

多自由度球形超声波电机具有机械集成度高、分辨率高和无电磁干扰等独特优势,在微型机器人、医疗设备和监控探测等领域具有广阔的应用前景。为了提升多自由度电机的容差性和自适应调节能力,提出了一种基于柔性板簧的三自由度球形超声波电机,从电机定、转子空间位置和几何结构关系出发建立了电机的静力学模型,可分析电机各种结构参数对接触圆周的力分布影响。通过电机的算例分析,证明柔性板簧具有自适应的调节能力,可为电机定、转子提供较均匀的预紧力。研究成果对三自由度球型超声波电机的优化设计与性能提升具有指导意义。

镍钛诺合金涡卷弹簧的力学建模与测试

以非接触式形状记忆合金平面涡卷弹簧为例,研究了此类元件的作动原理,建立了镍钛形状记忆合金涡卷弹簧的力学模型。以普通平面涡卷弹簧的计算方式和形状记忆合金的相变方程本构模型为基础,建立了形状记忆合金涡卷弹簧的力学模型,获得了预紧扭力、激励温度、输出扭力和转角位置之间的关系表达式,并且通过两组测试验证了该力学模型和关系表达式。在对激励温度和扭力输出的关系测试中,模型计算值对测试值的确定系数为0.669,最小误差为2.4%,最大误差为215.9%;在对转角位移和扭力的关系测试中,计算值与测试值的确定系数为0.336,最小误差为48.9%,最大误差为350.0%。测试显示,力学模型的计算值与测试的数据具有类似的表征形式。

基于ANSYS的同轴圆柱双螺旋弹簧刚度分析

对同轴圆柱双螺旋弹簧进行了研究,利用三维数字化建模软件建立起双层结构的圆柱双螺旋弹簧结构有限元模型,应用有限元分析软件对刚度进行了分析。为了验证结果的正确性,利用能量法推导刚度理论解进行验证;分析了各结构参数与刚度之间的关系。

机车圆柱螺旋弹簧的有限元及试验分析

对机车圆柱螺旋弹簧进行研究,建立了比较符合实际的压缩弹簧的三维有限元计算模型,并对压缩螺旋弹簧进行了刚度、静强度分析。同时将试验结果与有限元分析结果进行比较,分析结果表明,弹簧满足设计要求。

变丝径螺旋弹簧研究

在分析非圆柱螺旋弹簧受力状态的基础上,推导出不同截面处簧丝的应力状况及对应的簧丝直径求解公式,提出了改变簧丝直径的设计思想,并以扁圆形棱柱螺旋弹簧为例,设计恒定丝径和变丝径2种螺旋弹簧。利用ANSYS Workbench进行仿真分析,将2种弹簧在强度、刚度、疲劳特性3方面作对比。结果表明:2种弹簧在工作压力及受力循环次数方面均可满足设计要求,而变丝径方法使得弹簧质量大幅度降低,且材料的力学性能得到更充分的发挥。该种设计思想可广泛应用于机械领域,在新弹簧的设计及减小零件质量方面具有一定的指导意义。