Association of spiritual well-being with quality of life among undergraduate nursing students

Objective:The study was conducted with the aim of determining the spiritual well-being(SWB)of nursing students and its association with quality of life(QOL).Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with a sample size of 504 nursing students collected from January 2023 to March 2023 in the nursing institutes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan,using convenient sampling techniques.A Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure(SHALOM)questionnaire for SWB and K-27 QOL(K-27 QOL)instrument were used for data collection that contains three parts.Results:The number of female participants was in the majority(50.4%)compared to male nurses(49.6%).The overall mean score of SWB of the students was 3.79±0.48,while the mean K-27 QOL score was 3.73±0.57.There were significant differences between the groups of gender(P=0.001),while no significant difference within the groups of semester(P=0.061)and college status(0.285).In QOL,there were significant differences within the groups of semester(P=0.000)and college status(P=0.036)while no significant difference in gender category(P=0.480).SHALOM score is positively and moderately correlated with QOL score(r=0.597,P<0.05).Conclusion:Spiritual practices are one of the important factors that are associated positively with QOL,therefore to enhance the QOL,it will require spiritual practices.

A 32-Year Systematic Review:Exploring the State of Christian Spirituality and Mental Health Research

This study reviewed scholarly articles on the relationship between Christian spirituality and mental health published in academic journals from 1980 to 2022.The review analyzed findings from 44 studies that likely used various research methods like surveys,interviews,and experiments.The results reveal a consistent link between Christian beliefs,such as faith,hope,and love,and positive mental health outcomes.Most studies focused on the therapeutic effects of Christian spirituality in alleviating mental disturbances and improving well-being.However,the review also identified gaps in the literature,including a lack of research on the relationship between Christian spirituality and mental illness,small sample sizes,and a lack of cross-cultural and cross-religious investigations.The article emphasizes the importance of addressing these limitations to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between mental health and spirituality.

Exploring the Intersection of Spirituality and Religion:Transcendence,Secularism,and Personal Beliefs in Contemporary Society

This paper explores the intersection of spirituality and religion,focusing on how transcendence,secularism,and personal beliefs shape contemporary spiritual practices.It examines the philosophical foundations of transcendence,the rise of existentialism,and the distinction between spirituality and religion.Secularism's role in fostering personal spirituality and reducing religious authority is discussed,alongside the psychological and societal impacts of spiritual transcendence.The paper also critiques the limitations of spirituality,emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that integrates cognitive development and mental health perspectives.

From Ancient Rituals to Modern Spirituality:The Evolution and Personalization of Religious Experience

This paper explores the evolution of religious experience from ancient nature worship and ancestor reverence to modern individualized spirituality.It examines how early spiritual practices were deeply intertwined with daily life,later becoming institutionalized through formalized religions with complex rituals and doctrines.The rise of mysticism,emphasizing personal connections with the divine,persisted alongside institutional religions.In contemporary society,the shift towards"spiritual but not religious"reflects a return to personalized spiritual paths,driven by individualism and the desire for direct,meaningful spiritual experiences.This trend's implications for both individuals and society are also discussed.

Spiritual Forests—A Nature Conservation Model of Ethnic Minority Communities in Central Viet Nam

This paper aims to analyze and evaluate a model of forest conservation and management of ethnic minority (or indigenous) people in central Vietnam, often referred to as the spiritual forest. These forests, called sacred forest or ghost forests by the ethnic minority people in Thua Thien Hue province, have existed for a long time among forest residents. However, they have recently declined, both in quality and quantity, due to various factors, including changes in society, economy, environment, and perception, among other reasons. Based on research conducted in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province with household interviews, group discussions, and field surveys, we find that spiritual forest retains religious and human significance. They are also often among the last remaining natural forests left due to deforestation by human activities. The research results indicate challenges that conservation of spiritual forest may face, while giving recommendations derived from communities for sustainable forest development and conservation in the region.

Coping with Trauma:The Relationship between Religiosity,Spirituality,and Post-Traumatic Symptoms among Civilians Exposed to Ongoing Rocket-Fire

Living under ongoing shelling and missile attacks could cause a widespread of disruption of everyday life and emotional distress.Coping with such distress could be associated with the personal resources of religion and spirituality.The present study aimed to examine the relationships between religiosity and spirituality with Post Traumatic stress Disorder(PTSD)symptoms among a civilian population frequently exposed to missile and rocket threats.One hundred and twenty-four(N=124)civilian participants living within 10 km from shelling and missile attacks fired towards them,completed demographic,religiosity,spirituality,and PTSD questionnaires.The study findings demonstrate that religiosity is associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms while spirituality is associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms.When dividing the sample into two groupsreligious and secular,no association was found between religiosity and PTSD symptoms among the religious group,whereas among the secular group,there was a positive association.Spirituality was negatively associated with PTSD symptoms among both groups.This study may offer a significant contribution to models of intervention following continued exposure to trauma,emphasizing the importance of spiritually and sensitivity to religion while coping with PTSD symptoms.Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

From Spiritual Communication to Digital Communication:Rethinking Marx’s Communication Theory in the Information Age

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels introduced the theory of spiritual communication in their influential work,The German Ideology,thereby establishing the Marxist perspective on communication.This theory has a distinct historical context,meaning,and significance.As society advances,driven by the proliferation of commodity-based economies and advancements in science and technology,humanity has entered the digital information age.The prevailing mode of communication in this era,centered around the Internet and big data,brings great convenience to society but also raises concerns about the potential alienation of both subjective and objective aspects of communication,as well as social relationships.Against this backdrop,the rethinking of Marx’s communication theory in the 21st century provides a logical framework and theoretical basis for critiquing the contemporary form of spiritual communication through the digital communication of the information age.

Factors influencing spiritual wellbeing among pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients receiving chemotherapy

BACKGROUND Spiritual wellbeing emphasizes optimistic and positive attitudes while selfregulating negative emotions when coping with stress.However,there have only been a few small studies of spiritual wellbeing of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)patients undergoing chemotherapy.The core factors influencing spiritual wellbeing in this clinical population are still unclear.AIM To identify factors influencing spiritual wellbeing among patients with PDAC receiving chemotherapy.METHODS A total of 143 PDAC patients receiving chemotherapy were enrolled from January to December 2022.Patients completed general information questionnaires including:Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being 12 Item Scale(FACIT-Sp-12),European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30(EORTC QLQ-C30)and Zung’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson’s correlation analysis,and multiple linear regression analysis were adopted for statistical analyses.P<0.05(two-tailed)was considered statistically significant for all tests.RESULTS Total spiritual wellbeing(FACIT-Sp-12)score was 32.16±10.06 points,while dimension sub-scores were 10.85±3.76 for faith,10.55±3.42 for meaning,and 10.76±4.00 for peace.Total spiritual wellbeing score was negatively correlated with SAS score for anxiety and with the symptom domain of EORTC QLC-C30.Conversely,spiritual wellbeing score was positively correlated with global health status and EORTC QLQ-C30 role functioning domain score.Multivariate regression analysis identified educational level,health insurance category,symptom domain,functional role domain,and global health status as significant independent factors influencing spiritual wellbeing among PDAC patients undergoing chemotherapy(R2=0.502,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Individualized spiritual support is needed for PDAC patients.Health,daily functioning,emotional,cognitive,and social function status should be taken into account to promote implementation of spirituality in nursing practice.

Spiritual care perceptions, spiritual health and their relationships with spiritual care competence among clinical nurses in China: A cross-sectional quantitative study

Objective:To investigate the status quo of spiritual care competence and assocaited influencing factors among clinical nurses in China,and examine the relationships among spiritual care perceptions,spiritual health and spiritual care competence,and the mediating role of spiritual health between spiritual care competence and spiritual care perceptions,in order to provide reference for the construction of spiritual care education intervention program to improve the spiritual care competence of clinical nurses in China.Methods:A total of 1454 clinical nurses from 17 hospitals in Tianjin were selected by convenience sampling method,and were investigated with sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire,the Chinese version of Spiritual Care Competence Scale(C-SCCS),the Chinese Version of the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale(C-SCGS)and the Spiritual Health Scale Short Form(SHS-SF).Results:The scores of spiritual care competence of nurses was(57.52±16.02).The results of multiple linear regression showed that nurses'spiritual care competence was influenced by 9 sociodemographic characteristics such as educational background and nursing age,as well as spiritual care perceptions and spiritual health factors,which accounted for 67.2%of the total variation.And spiritual care competence was positively correlated with spiritual care perceptions(r=0.639,P<0.01)and spiritual health(r=0.596,P<0.01).Besides,spiritual health played a mediating role between between other two variables,accounting for 27.5%of the indirect effect.Conclusions:The scores of spiritual care competence of clinical nurses was in the lower middle level,which needs to be further improved.It is recommended that nurse managers and educators should pay attention to the spiritual care education of nurses,and improve spiritual care perceptions and spiritual health level of nurses in multiple ways,at multiple levels,so as to improve their spiritual care competence and to maximize the satisfy spiritual care needs of patients.

Expression Forms of Spiritual Cultures in Classical Chinese Gardens

By studying close links between classical Chinese gardens and traditional Chinese cultures,it was stressed that spiritual characteristics pursued by classical Chinese gardens were inevitable components of their expression forms,which were also closely related to classical Chinese philosophy,social system and other cultural phenomena.Characteristics of classical Chinese gardens in terms of psychology were analyzed,and it was proposed that they had particular cultural connotations in the spiritual expression and appeal,that is,natural view of "human-nature oneness",etiquette culture of "coordinating with the nature by etiquette",seclusion view of "living in seclusion and pursuing a peaceful life".Concrete expressions of spiritual cultures in classical Chinese gardens were discussed,specifically,the expression of natural views was demonstrated as "respecting the nature,all creatures having its own course(Tao,way of evolution),adopting measures suiting local conditions,skillfully borrowing from other landscapes,simulating natural landscapes";as for the expression of seclusion view,it was demonstrated as the expression of seclusion cultures by inscriptions and steles,the expression of "seclusion" by implicit garden settings;etiquette and hierarchy of classical Chinese gardens were discussed from the perspective of private garden layout and residence construction.On this basis,spiritual world of ancient Chinese were further stu-died,mental patterns of Chinese were believed as the source of classical gardens,and what those hills,water,plants,architecture as well as their combinations expressed were spiritual pursuits of Chinese people.

An Analysis of the Spiritual Salvation of Adela in A Passage to India

This paper mainly analyzes the spiritual salvation of the protagonist Adela in the novel. In the early 20 thcentury, India is under the British colonial rule and Indians suffer a lot from it. India lacks autonomy and there is a wide racial gap between the British and Indians. In this context, Adela has deeply-rooted prejudice against Indians at first, whose discrimination makes her falsely accuse Aziz of attempting to rape her. However, merging into the Indian society gives Adela a chance to see the goodness of Indians, and finally her racial prejudice is eliminated.

Impact of spiritual care on the spiritual and mental health and quality of life of patients with advanced cancer

BACKGROUND Cancer is a growing threat to human health.Due to the double torment of cancer and cancer treatment,patients with advanced cancer generally have a low quality of life.At present,there is a lack of systematic spiritual care plans for patients with advanced cancer as well as systematic guidance plans on the specific clinical application of spiritual care for advanced cancer patients.We hypothesized that our care plan would be effective in improving the spiritual and mental health and quality of life of patients with advanced cancer.AIM To construct a spiritual care plan suitable for Chinese patients with advanced cancer through literature analysis.METHODS From February to December 2018,through purpose sampling,we selected 100 advanced cancer patients from the Oncology Department and Hospice Ward of a tertiary hospital in Liaoning Province who met the study standards.Patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups,with 50 cases in each group.The control group received the current routine care,while the experimental group received the advanced cancer spiritual care intervention in addition to routine care.RESULTS After the intervention,the overall spiritual health score for the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(4.68±1.36 vs 3.63±1.71).The difference between the groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of anxiety-free patients in the experimental group was 95.45%,which was significantly higher than the 60.98%in the control group.Moreover,the proportion of non-depressed patients in the experimental group was 97.73%,which was significantly higher than the 85.37%in the control group(P<0.05).The overall quality of life score for the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(5.36±1.16 vs 4.39±1.36,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Our spiritual care plan for patients with advanced cancer could improve their spiritual health and quality of life and reduce negative mental health symptoms.

Research progress in the definition,assessment tools,and practice of spiritual care

To promote the development of nursing spiritual care and humanistic care,this article introduces the current status of the definition,assessment tools,and practice of spiritual care at home and abroad.

Eternal Nature: Spiritual Haven——The Function of Nature in Rip Van Winkle

Rip Van Winkle is one of the most enduring stories of Washington Irving. It is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow "stepped outside of the mainstream of life" (Chang Yao-xin, 1991: 62). Rip Van Winkle lived in a village near the Hudson River north of New York City. He was a simple, good-natured man; he was, moreover, a kind neighbor and an obedient hen-pecked husband. Yet Rip was lazy and this kept him in constant trouble with his wife. His two favorite past-times were sitting in front of the inn, chatting with his friends, and wandering through the mountains with his dog, Wolf. On one of these trips he met a strange dwarf who invited him to join him and other strange-looking dwarfs in a drinking party and a game called nine-pins, in a remote valley. Rip drank too much of beverage and fell asleep. When he woke up, he found that during just one night, twenty years had vanished and strangers were everywhere. His scolding wife had died, and his son, every bit his counterpart in appearance and personality had grown up to replace him. At last he was reunited with a married daughter and began to live a life the same as before.

Spirituality in Vocational Training of Information and Communication Technology Professionals in the Light of David Hay’s Conception

The key objective of this article is to use the David Hay’s conception of spirituality in the vocational training of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） professionals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the connection between spirituality and vocational training of ICT professionals. The spirituality model founded by David Hay has been used in this research article which contains awareness sensing, mystery sensing, and value sensing. The paper has used qualitative methodology and instruments for data collection are biographical interview. Qualitative data have been analyzed by using Nvivo 11. Initial results show the preliminary picture of the role of spirituality in vocational training of ICT professionals.

Relationships among Health and Spiritual Beliefs, Religious Practices, and Congregational Support in Individuals with Cancer

To assess relationships among physical health, mental health, spiritual experiences, religious practices, and perceived congregational support for individuals with cancer. Design: A cross-sectional analysis of 56 individuals from outpatient settings (25 with cancer, 31 healthy controls). Measures: Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS;[1]);Medical Outcomes Scale-Short Form 36 (SF-36) General Health Perception (GHP) and General Mental Health (GMH) scales. Results: Participants with cancer reported significantly higher levels of Daily Spiritual Experiences and Religious Support on the BMMRS than the Healthy Controls. No BMMRS subscales were significantly correlated with the SF-36, although the BMMRS subscales had larger correlations with the SF-36 GMH scale (mean = 0.23;range = 0.14 - 0.37) than the GHP scale (mean = 0.16;range = 0.01 - 0.33). Conclusions: Individuals with cancer rely on spiritual beliefs and congregations support more than healthy controls. Statistical trends indicate that individuals with cancer use spiritual, religious, and congregational support factors primarily to assist them in emotion-ally coping with their disease, rather than to improve physical health.

Teacher Spiritualism： The Vocation Within

Ancient civilizations adopted an early education system that included religion as an integral part of its focus. For this reason, priests, monks, and other people of faith, were trusted with the important task of educating their community and instructing them in the values, beliefs, and norms of their society. As time passed, public education continued to evolve to keep up with the societal demands to the point that education and religion were not longer connected. Simultaneously, professionals in the education field have also changed and educators are no longer required to be people of faith. However, considering that the mission of education has remained the same, it would be unrealistic to consider teachers as unspiritual individuals regardless of their religious beliefs and affiliations. This paper explores the idea that educators are innate spiritual individuals who strive to perpetuate the norms, values and virtues of their society. In addition, this article presents the concept of teacher spiritualism as a contemporary reality of our teachers and our educational system.

Psychological Assessment Involving Spirituality With Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Interest in including spiritual assessments in therapeutic settings has increased in recent years.Even though many psychologists view spirituality as very important to clients’well-being,many report that they do not discuss spirituality in their practice.An inclusion of spirituality may be particularly important when dealing with specific groups for which spirituality/religiosity is a large part of their worldview,such as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Therefore,this study examined a number of comprehensive spiritual assessment tools to consider when working with members of the Church of Jesus Christ.These tools were evaluated by 100 clinicians.In general,this set of tools was moderately to be mostly consistent with the culture of the Church,with each one having specific strengths and limitations.

Spiritual Anamnesis and Doctor-Patient Relationship： Review and Reconstruction of a Daily Routine Instrument

Introduction： spiritual anamnesis is fundamental to familiarity with patient’s beliefs. It enables health professionals to： investigate how patients face the treatment, understand the role and importance of religion in the life of this individual, how much spirituality may interfere in the health-disease process and in the disease experience. It also helps detect spiritual needs and mobilize resources to promote the biopsychosocial and spiritual wellness of the individual. Objective： identify spiritual questionnaires in literature. Methods： This article is a bibliographic review. Researching was on books and electronically based from August to December 2014. PUBMED and SCIELO databases were used in English and Portuguese. Inclusion factors： short, brief and easy to memorize questions to know if the patient’s beliefs interfere in medical treatments and to what extent. Exclusion factors： not try to convert or to interfere with the patient’s rights, not try to influence their beliefs or to make anamnesis on emergency situations or acute medical consultations. Results： based on the questions of seven samples of spiritual questionnaires found in literature, health professionals identified the patient’s spiritual needs and the beliefs likely to interfere in the doctor-patient relationship and in the therapeutic conduct as such. The anamnesis models found converge in some points, but differ mainly as to time excess some questionnaires demand （due to the large number of questions） when compared to others （shorter） and/or when going deeper into a particular aspect of beliefs, leaving some important points out. Conclusion： the anamnesis found are as follows： FICA Questionnaire; HOPE Questionnaire, Kunh’s Spiritual Inventory, CSI-MEMO, ACP Spiritual History, Matthews Spiritual History, Maugans Spiritual History. The main points found in these seven questionnaires are： resources mobilization to meet the patients’ spiritual demands; to what extent spirituality may interfere both in adherence to the treatment and in the clinical treatment and in strengthening the doctor-patient relationship.

The Research of Natural Landscape and Spiritual Development in Enoch Arden

Enoch Arden is a narrative poem by Alfred Tennyson,which turns out to be the record of the process of its hero's spiritual journey and can be interpreted from the perspectives of the description of natural landscape.