Spirulina platensis is a special and unique cyanobacteria that is produced worldwide with a varied cost of cultivation media. In this study, five main experiments with different treatments were performed to evaluate t...Spirulina platensis is a special and unique cyanobacteria that is produced worldwide with a varied cost of cultivation media. In this study, five main experiments with different treatments were performed to evaluate the possibility of using cheap aquaculture water for Spirulina production, to test if solutions made by plant ash (PAS) could be used for Spirulina production, to determine if brackish water (BW) and mining water have a good impact on Spirulina production, to create a medium composed of cheap chemicals and fertilizers to be used for Spirulina cultivation, and to test if a mixture made from local components could be used to produce Spirulina. All experiments were performed via growth and dry weight measurements, including determination of chemical and physical characteristics of the samples with a comparison with Zarrouk medium (ZM) as a reference for each experiment, and all experiments were performed for 21 days to determine the best media type that lasts longer for commercial purposes. In all experiments, pH values were between 8 and 11, and EC was between 9.8 and 30 ms/cm, while temperature was at 30°C and 35°C, and light was at 1500 and 5000 Lux for 16 h light and 8 h dark. Spirulina can grow in (FW). It can also grow in FW diluted with BW. Also a 3% PAS can be used as a source to cultivate Spirulina at a very low price compared to ZM. The chemical fertilizer formula was one of the best types among all treatments with a good price. A mixture of these local resources could be a very good cheap alternative source. The main result that was obtained from all experiments in this study is the ability of Spirulina to grow within a wide range of chemical parameters at a lower price.展开更多
A new species, Spirulina (Arthrospira) bayannurensis B. Sh. Li et C. Qiao sp. nov. was firstly collected from the Lake of Bayannur, Mu Us Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China on April 30, 199...A new species, Spirulina (Arthrospira) bayannurensis B. Sh. Li et C. Qiao sp. nov. was firstly collected from the Lake of Bayannur, Mu Us Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China on April 30, 1996 The morphological characteristics of the new species are described and illustrated by light micrographs, scanning and transmission electron micrographs. The type specimen of this new species is kept in Herbarium of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.展开更多
A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the bioaccumulation of Pb2+ and its effects on growth,morphology and pigment contents of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis. The specimen cultured in Zarrouk liquid mediu...A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the bioaccumulation of Pb2+ and its effects on growth,morphology and pigment contents of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis. The specimen cultured in Zarrouk liquid medium was treated with various initial metal concentrations (0,5,10,30,50 and 100 μg mL-1). The growth of S. platensis was adversely affected by Pb2+ at high con-centrations (30,50 and 100 μg mL-1). However,at low concentrations (5μg mL-1),Pb2+ could stimulate its growth slightly. The pig-ment contents (chlorophyll α and β carotene) were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The highest reductions (67% and 53% respectively in chlorophyll α and β carotene) were observed in 100 μg mL-1treatment group. The LC50 (96 h) of Pb2+ was measured as 75.34 μg mL-1. Apart from a few cases of filament breakages at elevated concentrations (50 and 100 μg mL-1),morphological abnor-malities are not specific. Metal bioaccumulation increased with Pb2+ concentrations,but decreased with exposure time. The maxi-mum accumulated amount was 188 mg g-1 dry weight. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) reached to a peak at day 2,followed by a gradual reduction for all the exposure concentrations. S. platensis is able to tolerate considerably high Pb2+ concentrations. Conse-quently it can be used as a potential species to remove heavy metal from contaminated waters.展开更多
It is practical, economic and sometimes essential to derive rules or conclusions by performing lesser runs of experiments. In this part, a methodology based on 2 f factorial design was brought up to derive guidelines ...It is practical, economic and sometimes essential to derive rules or conclusions by performing lesser runs of experiments. In this part, a methodology based on 2 f factorial design was brought up to derive guidelines to simulate growth curve and production of sugars by Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima . The growth curve or accumulation process of sugars was idealized by sets of straight lines limited by phase transfers of growth or accumulation of sugars. Normal analyses of the critical values of the transfers were used to derive their linear relationships with the initial conditions of the experimental factors. These linear functions were called guidelines and were used to simulate the growth curve or accumulation of sugars. Generalization of the guideline technique was determined by the kinetic limitation of nutrient nitrogen or sulfur that was dependent upon their stoichiometric deficiency directly derived from their initial values in the medium. This method uses the initial conditions of culture and does not need measurements of concentrations of nitrate, sulfate and pigments during cultivation. It is a practical and useful alternative way to trace and predict approximately the growth curve and production of sugars by S. maxima .展开更多
By a sequentially selective extraction procedure, polysaccharides (PS) from cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima that can be bio functionally healthy components were fractionated in four parts including the c...By a sequentially selective extraction procedure, polysaccharides (PS) from cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima that can be bio functionally healthy components were fractionated in four parts including the culture medium (PSCM), the external layers of the cell (PSEL), the cell wall (PSCW) and storage granules (PSSG). The four fractionated parts of polysaccharides were characterized by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) equipped with FID and fused silica capillary column (15 m×0.53 mm i. d.). The contents of PSCM, PSEL, PSCW and PSSG were about 2.0%, 2.6%, 10.0% and 52.0% to cell dry matter, respectively. Glucose was almost the only monosaccharide in PSSG and PSCW and most predominant in PSEL, while in PSCM, xylose, rhamnose and glucose were the main ones. Two uronic acids represented by glucuronic acid and galacturoic acid, six neutral monosaccharides including fucose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and two possible unidentified sugars were found in PSEL and PSCM. These data are valuable for the selective productions of high added value sugars from Spirulina .展开更多
Farmers perception about availability and utilization of Spirulina (Arthrospira fusiformis) were assessed and its nutritive value compared against reference proteins (soybean and nuge cake). Samples of Spirulina were ...Farmers perception about availability and utilization of Spirulina (Arthrospira fusiformis) were assessed and its nutritive value compared against reference proteins (soybean and nuge cake). Samples of Spirulina were collected from Arenguade and Chitu lakes of rift valley of Ethiopia. A survey was conducted on purposively selected 100 households (HH) living around the Lakes which are located in Gerbicha and Labu subuqa districts of Debre Zeit town and west Arsi zone, respectively. Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total gas volume (TGV) of feed samples were determined. Respondents of both districts are not aware of Spirulina as animal feed. Spirulina was available during dry season in Arenguade and whole year in Chitu. The highest (p 0.05) in crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents between Spirulina from both lakes. Spirulina from Chitu produced the highest TGV (31.2 ml) and fermented faster than Spirulina from Arenguade. Lowest (p < 0.05) ash, EE, CP and IVDMD and higher (p < 0.05) CF, NDF, ADF, ADL and TGV were recorded for reference proteins than Spirulina. ME content of Spirulina (3200 kcal/kg) was higher (p < 0.05) than that of nuge cake (3011 kcal/kg) but lower (p < 0.05) than that of soybean (3474 kcal/kg). Therefore, the chemical composition and IVDMD showed the potential of Spirulina to be used as a substitute of the reference feeds.展开更多
Spirulina is a popular herbal food that has a preventive effect on health.In the study,it aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of Spirulina platensis(Arthrospira platensis)on the morphological properties o...Spirulina is a popular herbal food that has a preventive effect on health.In the study,it aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of Spirulina platensis(Arthrospira platensis)on the morphological properties of the duodenum of rats,and to assign the effect of Spirulina on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in the rat duodenum,and thereby to observe the effects on intestinal health.30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups for 45 days.The first group was received the basal diet;the second group was given 500 mg/kg Spirulina daily by oral gavage;the third group was given 1000 mg/kg Spirulina daily.The duodenum segments were taken at the end of the trial and processed for histological assay.Although the total mucosa,villus height and villus/cript ratio were found higher in high dose Spirulina,the lower cript depth was detected in same group compared to control and low dose group.A significant increase was observed at high dose compared to the control and low dose group in terms of PCNA expression intensity and proliferation index.Findings suggest that high dose of Spirulina may support the duodenal growth,and thereby intestinal health.展开更多
This paper presents the investigation on biosynthesis of high-value-added amino acids and sugars labeled uniformly with stable isotope 13C by microalga Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima in a parallelepiped photobioreacto...This paper presents the investigation on biosynthesis of high-value-added amino acids and sugars labeled uniformly with stable isotope 13C by microalga Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima in a parallelepiped photobioreactor. The kinetic data of both batch and continuous cultures with characterization of the amino acids and sugars are shown. The continuous culture without nutrients deficiency is for biosynthesis of amino acids, with tyrosine as one of the principal constituents, and the batch culture with deficiency in nitrogen is for biosynthesis of labeled glucose that is up to 64% versus dry mass of cells.展开更多
With the development of modern society,the demand for nutrition,health,and food safety among people is also increasing.More and more consumers are connecting their diet to a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the oc...With the development of modern society,the demand for nutrition,health,and food safety among people is also increasing.More and more consumers are connecting their diet to a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases.Spirulina,known as green ginseng,is one of the most productive microalgae with high output value.It is considered as one of the most ideal dietary supplements due to its unique nutritional and health benefits.The main components of spirulina include protein,fat,vitamins,chlorophyll,and minerals.The protein content is particularly high,ranging from 60-70%.Spirulina can be used as a natural nutritional supplement,providing various essential nutrients needed by the body.Apart from being a nutritional supplement,spirulina is also widely utilized in the food,medicine,and cosmetics industries.Spirulina powder can be added to various foods such as bread,cakes,and biscuits to enhance their nutritional value.Spirulina extract can also be used in the production of healthcare and beauty products.Furthermore,the antioxidant and immune-boosting effects of spirulina make it a promising natural medicine for research in the treatment of cancer and liver disease.This paper aims to provide comprehensive information on the nutritional composition,secondary metabolites,and biological activities of spirulina,thereby contributing to the spirulina industry.展开更多
文摘Spirulina platensis is a special and unique cyanobacteria that is produced worldwide with a varied cost of cultivation media. In this study, five main experiments with different treatments were performed to evaluate the possibility of using cheap aquaculture water for Spirulina production, to test if solutions made by plant ash (PAS) could be used for Spirulina production, to determine if brackish water (BW) and mining water have a good impact on Spirulina production, to create a medium composed of cheap chemicals and fertilizers to be used for Spirulina cultivation, and to test if a mixture made from local components could be used to produce Spirulina. All experiments were performed via growth and dry weight measurements, including determination of chemical and physical characteristics of the samples with a comparison with Zarrouk medium (ZM) as a reference for each experiment, and all experiments were performed for 21 days to determine the best media type that lasts longer for commercial purposes. In all experiments, pH values were between 8 and 11, and EC was between 9.8 and 30 ms/cm, while temperature was at 30°C and 35°C, and light was at 1500 and 5000 Lux for 16 h light and 8 h dark. Spirulina can grow in (FW). It can also grow in FW diluted with BW. Also a 3% PAS can be used as a source to cultivate Spirulina at a very low price compared to ZM. The chemical fertilizer formula was one of the best types among all treatments with a good price. A mixture of these local resources could be a very good cheap alternative source. The main result that was obtained from all experiments in this study is the ability of Spirulina to grow within a wide range of chemical parameters at a lower price.
文摘A new species, Spirulina (Arthrospira) bayannurensis B. Sh. Li et C. Qiao sp. nov. was firstly collected from the Lake of Bayannur, Mu Us Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China on April 30, 1996 The morphological characteristics of the new species are described and illustrated by light micrographs, scanning and transmission electron micrographs. The type specimen of this new species is kept in Herbarium of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.
基金the Chinese Scholarship Council is greatly acknowledged
文摘A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the bioaccumulation of Pb2+ and its effects on growth,morphology and pigment contents of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis. The specimen cultured in Zarrouk liquid medium was treated with various initial metal concentrations (0,5,10,30,50 and 100 μg mL-1). The growth of S. platensis was adversely affected by Pb2+ at high con-centrations (30,50 and 100 μg mL-1). However,at low concentrations (5μg mL-1),Pb2+ could stimulate its growth slightly. The pig-ment contents (chlorophyll α and β carotene) were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The highest reductions (67% and 53% respectively in chlorophyll α and β carotene) were observed in 100 μg mL-1treatment group. The LC50 (96 h) of Pb2+ was measured as 75.34 μg mL-1. Apart from a few cases of filament breakages at elevated concentrations (50 and 100 μg mL-1),morphological abnor-malities are not specific. Metal bioaccumulation increased with Pb2+ concentrations,but decreased with exposure time. The maxi-mum accumulated amount was 188 mg g-1 dry weight. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) reached to a peak at day 2,followed by a gradual reduction for all the exposure concentrations. S. platensis is able to tolerate considerably high Pb2+ concentrations. Conse-quently it can be used as a potential species to remove heavy metal from contaminated waters.
文摘It is practical, economic and sometimes essential to derive rules or conclusions by performing lesser runs of experiments. In this part, a methodology based on 2 f factorial design was brought up to derive guidelines to simulate growth curve and production of sugars by Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima . The growth curve or accumulation process of sugars was idealized by sets of straight lines limited by phase transfers of growth or accumulation of sugars. Normal analyses of the critical values of the transfers were used to derive their linear relationships with the initial conditions of the experimental factors. These linear functions were called guidelines and were used to simulate the growth curve or accumulation of sugars. Generalization of the guideline technique was determined by the kinetic limitation of nutrient nitrogen or sulfur that was dependent upon their stoichiometric deficiency directly derived from their initial values in the medium. This method uses the initial conditions of culture and does not need measurements of concentrations of nitrate, sulfate and pigments during cultivation. It is a practical and useful alternative way to trace and predict approximately the growth curve and production of sugars by S. maxima .
文摘By a sequentially selective extraction procedure, polysaccharides (PS) from cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima that can be bio functionally healthy components were fractionated in four parts including the culture medium (PSCM), the external layers of the cell (PSEL), the cell wall (PSCW) and storage granules (PSSG). The four fractionated parts of polysaccharides were characterized by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) equipped with FID and fused silica capillary column (15 m×0.53 mm i. d.). The contents of PSCM, PSEL, PSCW and PSSG were about 2.0%, 2.6%, 10.0% and 52.0% to cell dry matter, respectively. Glucose was almost the only monosaccharide in PSSG and PSCW and most predominant in PSEL, while in PSCM, xylose, rhamnose and glucose were the main ones. Two uronic acids represented by glucuronic acid and galacturoic acid, six neutral monosaccharides including fucose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and two possible unidentified sugars were found in PSEL and PSCM. These data are valuable for the selective productions of high added value sugars from Spirulina .
文摘Farmers perception about availability and utilization of Spirulina (Arthrospira fusiformis) were assessed and its nutritive value compared against reference proteins (soybean and nuge cake). Samples of Spirulina were collected from Arenguade and Chitu lakes of rift valley of Ethiopia. A survey was conducted on purposively selected 100 households (HH) living around the Lakes which are located in Gerbicha and Labu subuqa districts of Debre Zeit town and west Arsi zone, respectively. Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total gas volume (TGV) of feed samples were determined. Respondents of both districts are not aware of Spirulina as animal feed. Spirulina was available during dry season in Arenguade and whole year in Chitu. The highest (p 0.05) in crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents between Spirulina from both lakes. Spirulina from Chitu produced the highest TGV (31.2 ml) and fermented faster than Spirulina from Arenguade. Lowest (p < 0.05) ash, EE, CP and IVDMD and higher (p < 0.05) CF, NDF, ADF, ADL and TGV were recorded for reference proteins than Spirulina. ME content of Spirulina (3200 kcal/kg) was higher (p < 0.05) than that of nuge cake (3011 kcal/kg) but lower (p < 0.05) than that of soybean (3474 kcal/kg). Therefore, the chemical composition and IVDMD showed the potential of Spirulina to be used as a substitute of the reference feeds.
基金supported by grant from the Research Foundations of University(NKUBAP.10.GA.16.074)。
文摘Spirulina is a popular herbal food that has a preventive effect on health.In the study,it aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of Spirulina platensis(Arthrospira platensis)on the morphological properties of the duodenum of rats,and to assign the effect of Spirulina on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in the rat duodenum,and thereby to observe the effects on intestinal health.30 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups for 45 days.The first group was received the basal diet;the second group was given 500 mg/kg Spirulina daily by oral gavage;the third group was given 1000 mg/kg Spirulina daily.The duodenum segments were taken at the end of the trial and processed for histological assay.Although the total mucosa,villus height and villus/cript ratio were found higher in high dose Spirulina,the lower cript depth was detected in same group compared to control and low dose group.A significant increase was observed at high dose compared to the control and low dose group in terms of PCNA expression intensity and proliferation index.Findings suggest that high dose of Spirulina may support the duodenal growth,and thereby intestinal health.
基金Supported by the Scholarship of Faculte Polytechnique de Mons, Belgium and by the Fund for Scholars Returning from Abroad.
文摘This paper presents the investigation on biosynthesis of high-value-added amino acids and sugars labeled uniformly with stable isotope 13C by microalga Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima in a parallelepiped photobioreactor. The kinetic data of both batch and continuous cultures with characterization of the amino acids and sugars are shown. The continuous culture without nutrients deficiency is for biosynthesis of amino acids, with tyrosine as one of the principal constituents, and the batch culture with deficiency in nitrogen is for biosynthesis of labeled glucose that is up to 64% versus dry mass of cells.
文摘With the development of modern society,the demand for nutrition,health,and food safety among people is also increasing.More and more consumers are connecting their diet to a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases.Spirulina,known as green ginseng,is one of the most productive microalgae with high output value.It is considered as one of the most ideal dietary supplements due to its unique nutritional and health benefits.The main components of spirulina include protein,fat,vitamins,chlorophyll,and minerals.The protein content is particularly high,ranging from 60-70%.Spirulina can be used as a natural nutritional supplement,providing various essential nutrients needed by the body.Apart from being a nutritional supplement,spirulina is also widely utilized in the food,medicine,and cosmetics industries.Spirulina powder can be added to various foods such as bread,cakes,and biscuits to enhance their nutritional value.Spirulina extract can also be used in the production of healthcare and beauty products.Furthermore,the antioxidant and immune-boosting effects of spirulina make it a promising natural medicine for research in the treatment of cancer and liver disease.This paper aims to provide comprehensive information on the nutritional composition,secondary metabolites,and biological activities of spirulina,thereby contributing to the spirulina industry.
