Numerical study of the splashing wave induced by a seaplane using mesh-based and particle-based methods

In recent years,forest fires and maritime accidents have occurred frequently,which have had a bad impact on human production and life.Thus,the development of seaplanes is an increasingly urgent demand.It is important to study the taxiing process of seaplanes for the development of seaplanes,which is a strong nonlinear fluid-structure interaction problem.In this paper,the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method based on the Lagrangian framework is utilized to simulate the taxiing process of seaplanes,and the SPH results are compared with those of the finite volume method(FVM)based on the Eulerian method.The results show that the SPH method can not only give the same accuracy as the FVM but also have a strong ability to capture the splashing waves in the taxiing process,which is quite meaningful for the subsequent study of the effect of a splash on other parts of the seaplane.

Difference in BOF Slag Splashing in US and China

Some differences in slag splashing between BOF steel works in US and China were investigated. The slag composition,melting point, and mineralogical phases of final slags from both countries were studied. The control of slag superheat is important to an effective slag coating.

Characteristics of Nitrogen Jet and Its Effect on the Bath in Slag Splashing

The measured results show that the overexpanded supersonic jet velocity produced by low stagnation pressure (0.53 MPa) attenuates quickly, deviates greatly with smaller impact area and large energy loss. According to the measured results and the analysis of lashing energy of jet on the bath, the technological parameters of nitrogen flow in slag splashing were proposed.

Effect of Spray Parameters on the Splashing of Plasma-sprayed Cast Iron Particles

To understand the effects of spray parameters on the splashing,cast iron particles were plasma-sprayed onto polished surfaces of aluminum substrate to form single splats.Various plasma arc powers and spray distances were applied to adjust the morphology of the splats which was studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope（FESEM）.The experimentalresults showed that the splashing of impinging droplets was significantly restrained for the splats deposited with high arc power（30 k W）and short spray distance（80 mm）.This finding would be beneficialto improving the adhesive strength of the coating.

Simulation on Slag Splashing for LD Converter

SeveraL parameters affecting slag splashing in LD converter have been discussed. Using parffin and starch model, a simulated test about 30 t converter has been made in laboratory and the modified Frode numberwas chosen as the main similar basis of the system. It was results that the optimized slag splashing parameters wasobtained through data treatment The nitrogen gas flow rate is about 8 500 m3/h, the splashing time is of 3 min,and the lance height is of 0.8 m. It is necessary to add MgO or carbon into the slag to adjusting slag composition.Also, it is difficult for the splashed slag condensing on the line when the slag temperature is much higher

CFD Analysis of Influence of Slag Viscosity on the Splashing Process in an Oxygen Steelmaking Converter

Physical properties of molten slag such as viscosity, density and surface tension have a significant influence on the slag splashing process in an oxygen steelmaking converter. Particularly, viscosity determines the shear forces that rule droplets formation. Besides, stirring of the molten slag bath strongly depends on this property. In this work, the influence of viscosity on the efficiency of slag splashing is explored by means of transient Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Several values of viscosity are employed in the computer experiments. In order to quantify the splashing efficiency as function of slag viscosity, an average slag fraction on the converter walls is defined and calculated. CFD results are compared with those of an empirical expression, and at least qualitative agreement is found.

Slag Splashing in a Basic Oxygen Furnace under Different Blowing Conditions

The influence of three different blowing conditions on the slag splashing process in a basic oxygen furnace for steelmaking is analyzed here using two-dimensional transient Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Four blowing conditions are considered in the computer runs: top blowing, combined blowing using just a bottom centered nozzle, combined blowing using two bottom lateral nozzles, and full combined blowing using the three top and the three bottom nozzles. Computer simulations show that full combined blowing provides greater slag splashing than conventional top blowing.

Review on monitoring and prevention technologies of splashing induced by inappropriate slag foaming in BOF

Basic oxygen steelmaking(BOS)is the most frequently used method to produce molten steel,which is being developed to meet the requirements of being safe,efficient,clean,and intelligent.During the BOS process,splashing events cause undesirable consequences,such as casualties,low efficiency,environmental pollution,and uncontrollable operation.The causes of three types of splashing(eruptive,foaming,and metallic splashing)were unraveled and it is concluded that inappropriate foaming is the root cause of splashing.A variety of monitoring techniques for splashing have been developed to measure real-time slag foaming in a basic oxygen furnace(BOF).The audiometry technique with flexible operation and high accuracy was comprehensively introduced with a practical application.Based on the formation mechanisms,the countermeasures for the three types of splashing were proposed to regulate slag foaming in a BOF by integrating diverse measures in terms of raw materials,slag forming,blowing pattern,and the use of splashing regulating agents.Future work should emphasise an automatic action for these prevention measures in response to the splashing risk from the monitoring technology,promoting the progress of intelligent steelmaking.

Numerical investigation of sinusoidal pulsating gas intake to intensify the gas-slag momentum transfer in the top-blown smelting furnace

The variation characteristics of bubble morphology and the thermal-physical properties of bubble boundary in the top-blown smelting furnace were explored by means of the computational fluid dynamics method.The essential aspects of the fluid phase(e.g.,splashing volume,dead zone of copper slag,and gas penetration depth)were explored together with the effect of sinusoidal pulsating gas intake on the momentum-transfer performance between phases.The results illustrated that two relatively larger vortices and two smaller vortices appear in the bubble waist and below the lance,respectively.The expansion of larger ones as well as the shrinking of smaller ones combine to cause the contraction of the bubble waist.Compared to the results of the case with a fixed gas injection velocity(V_(g)=58 m/s),the splashing volume and dead zone volume of the slag under the V_(g)=58+10sin(2πt)condition are reduced by 24.9%and 23.5%,respectively,where t represents the instant time.Gas penetration depth and slag motion velocity of the latter are 1.03 and 1.31 times high-er than those of the former,respectively.

Analysis of Steel Slag Treatment Process and Comprehensive Utilization

As a by-product of steel enterprises,steel slag has a huge output and is rich in valuable minerals,but its comprehensive utilization rate is very low.The article mainly introduces the hot splashing method,hot sealing method,and drum method for the treatment of steel slag outside the furnace,and compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the production operation process and steel slag treatment process.At the same time,it also introduces the residual slag+double slag process and gasification dephosphorization slag circulation steelmaking technology for steel slag treatment inside the furnace,providing direction for steel enterprises to clean and comprehensively utilize steel slag.

Slag Melting Characteristic of Slag Forming and Slag Splashing for BOF Less Slag Smelting

The slag melting characteristic of slag forming and slag splashing for 300 t BOF less slag process is researched by combining the methods of the slag chemical composition, the melting point determination and the petrographic analysis. The results show that the melting point of final slag for less slag smelting is 20 ~C lower than that for conventional smelting. According to results of the petrographic analysis, the C3S （3CaO ~ SiO2） and C2S （2CaO · SiO2） content for less slag smelting are lower than those for conventional smelting, while the RO （FeO, MgO, MnO, etc） phase and C4AF （4CaO · Al2O3· Fe2O3） phase are higher than those for conventional smelting. According to results of the chemical analysis, the （CaO） content and slag basicity for less slag smelting are higher than those for conventional smelting, while （FeO） and （MgO） content in slag for less slag smelting are almost equal to those for conventional smelting. The reason why slag melting point for less slag smelting is lower than that for con- ventional smelting is that the quantity of added fluorite for less slag smelting is more than that for conventional smel- ting. According tO the analysis results the slag melting point is determined by the C3S, C2S, RO phase and C4AF content. According to the results of slag melting characteristic before and after slag splashing for less slag smelting, the present adjusting slag process has little effect. It is important to adjust the composition of BOF final slag. The （FeO） content in slag is to be reduced at the slag splashing and adjusting slag process for less slag smelting.

A Novel Method of Recycling CO_2 for Slag Splashing in Converter

Converter off-gas, an important energy resource for steel industries, is one of the weak points in the recov ery and utilization of secondary energy resources. To improve the level of recycling converter off-gas in steel plants, a novel approach to the recycle of CO2 separated from converter off-gas or other off-gas for the green slag splashing technique was developed, and the CO2 equilibrium conversion ratio of the green CO2 slag splashing under different technological conditions was calculated by the program of enthalpy （H）, entropy （S）, and heat capacity （C）, i.e. HSC software. Furthermore, the experiments of CO2 injected into molten converter slag were carried out, and the influencing factors of the green slag splashing technique using CO2 were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the carbon content for smooth slag splashing using COs was about 4.0%.

Splashing,Dancing and Making Merry at the Dai Water-Sprinkling Festival

The Water-Sprinkling Festival of the Dai ethnic group is the most widely celebrated rite among the ethnic minorities living in Yunnan province.This weeklong celebration,marking the Dai Lunar New Year,usually falls around mid-April.People of all ages,dressed in their festival best,take part in the solemn ritual of washing statues of Buddha.They later take great

Splash Zone Dynamic Analysis of A Suspended Semi-Submerged Subsea Module for Irregular Waves

Experimental and numerical studies on the dynamic cable tension of a subsea module during semi-submerged hoisting tests are performed. The experiments are carried out in irregular waves and the time-domain numerical simulations are conducted using the software “Simulation of Marine Operations”. The numerical formulation is validated through a comparison with experimental test measurements. The effects of the significant wave height, spectral peak period,and wave direction on the dynamic effect in the main sling and sub-slings are then investigated numerically. The relationship between the wave parameters and the dynamic effect is identified in the time and frequency domains,enabling the allowable sea states to be partially specified. The extreme dynamic effects in all slings under different wave conditions are estimated by using cumulative distribution functions of the Gumbel distribution. The results show that it is reasonable to model a complex subsea module via slender elements and depth-dependent coefficients in simulations of offshore operations. Lowering operations are safer if the wave height is 1 m and the wave period is larger than 8 s because the wave steepness is sufficient for the maximum possible dynamic effect to remain below 0.9. The dynamic tension may decrease when the wave direction is approximately 150°. It is dangerous for subsea modules to encounter lateral waves while entering the water because large overloads and underloads in the extreme dynamic tension may cause snap loads to occur and the slings to become slack.

Experimental Study on the Resistance and Splash Performances of Water Collecting Devices for Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

In recent years,water collecting systems,with the associated advantages of energy saving and noise reduction,have become the foundation for the development of a scheme to optimize the structure of cooling towers.To explore the feasibility of this approach for mechanical draft cooling towers,a small-scale experimental device has been built to study the resistance and splash performances of three U-type water collecting devices(WCDs)for different water flow rates and wind speeds.The experimental results show that within the considered ranges of wind speed and water flow rate,the pressure drop of the different WCDs can vary significantly.The resistance and local splash performances can also be remarkably different.Some recommendations about the most suitable system are provided.Moreover,a regression analysis of the experimental data is conducted,and the resulting fitting formulas for resistance and splash performance of WCD are reported.

SPLASH诺模图的修正及应用

介绍了采用SPLASH模式诺模图法预报登陆台风引起最大风暴潮增水的基本思路和方法,并对SPLASH模式诺模图作了一定的修正和完善,使对其的编程计算更加易于实现且结果更精确.在此基础上对SPLASH模式诺模图法进行二元插值计算编程,并用若干个算例验证,获得了较为精确的预报结果.

Study on the optimization of the combined blown converter process in Chongqing Iron and Steel Company

The effects of lance height and bottom blown flowrate on the mixed time, the splashing amount, the penetrating depth, and the level fluctuation of an 85 t combined blown converter have been studied using a water model. The results show that the maximal stirring energy is provided to the bath at the top lance height of about 50-100 mm. When the top lance height is in the range ofg0- 110 mm, the splashing amount caused by the top jet can reach the maximal value. The appropriate operational parameters of Chongqing Iron and Steel Company （CISC） converter have been established that the top lance height is 1600-1760 mm and the bottom blowing flowrate is 240-480 Nm^3/h in the primary phase of a heat, 1100-1300 mm and 160-200 Nm^3/h in the second phase, and 1040-1120 mm and 200-350 Nm^3/h in the end phase. Also, the trial shows that the metallurgical result of the studied blow pattern is better than that of the former pattern. At the starting 3-4 min of a heat, the strong splashing is eliminated. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.

基于VC++的教职工管理系统的设计与开发

阐述了如何利用VC++的应用程序向导制作应用程序的过程,在本系统中创建了一个数据库,两个数据库表,并介绍了在工程中增加对话框、调用对话框、使用应用程序向导以及使用ADODC控件引用数据源的方法,还介绍了一个应用系统封面的制作与应用。

Splash Screen功能

本文介绍了给VC++开发的MFC应用程序增加splash screen功能的实现代码。

Experimental Investigation on the Interactions Between Dam-Break Flow and a Floating Box

An experiment that investigates the interactions between dam-break flow and a floating box is reported in this paper.The interaction processes are described in detail,and the effects of reservoir depth,clearance between the structure and vertical wall,and structure motion on the observed interactions are discussed.Results indicate that interactions are mild if the reservoir depth is relatively small and most of the water flows through under the structure.However,as the reservoir depth increases,the interactions intensify,and overtopping and wave splashing occur.The incident wave is divided into two parts by the structure:1)a jet generated by wave impact and 2)the water flowing through under the structure.The water flowing through under the structure is the main factor influencing the motion of the structure.The phenomenon of secondary slamming is observed in all of the test cases,and the relative motion of the structure and free surface explains the occurrence of secondary slamming.