Establishment of a Spleen Cell Line from Large Yellow Croaker Pseudosciaena crocea and its Primitive Application in Foreign Gene Transfection

A large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea,spleen(LYCS)cell line was established and the feasibility of using it for foreign gene transfection was evaluaed in this study.Primary culture of LYCS cells was initiated from spleen tissue pieces,which were cultured at 25℃ in Dulbecco's modiced Eagle medium/F12 medium(DMEM/F12,1:1)(pH7.2),supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum,carboxymethyl chitosan,chondroitin sulfate,basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I).The cultured LYCS cells,in fibroblast shape,proliferated to 100% confluency 20 days later.Chromosome analyses indicated that the LYCS cells exhibited chromosomal aneuploidy with a modal chromosome number of 48 which displayed the normal diploid karyotype of P.crocea(6m+6sm+36t,NF=60).A LYCS cell line,with a population doubling time of 48.7 h at passage 60,has been established and subcultured to passage 70.Transgenic feasibility test demonstrated that positive green fluorescence protein(GFP)expression was observed in LYCS cells after pcDNA3.1-GFP plasmid transfection.In conclusion,a continuous foreign gene trans-fection feasible LYCS cell line has been established successfully.The cell line might serve as a valuable tool for studies of transgenic breeding and has potential applications for different kinds of cytotechnological studies.

Preoperative application of combination of portal venous injection of donor spleen cells and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin prolongs the survival of cardiac allografts in mice

Objective:To investigate the effects of preoperative portal venous injection of donor spleen cells(PVIDSC) and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin in the acute rejection of cardiac allograft in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Methods:Homogenous female B6 mice and BALB/c mice were used as recipients and donors of heart transplantation. These mice were randomly divided into different groups and received PVIDSC alone,rapamycin alone,or PVIDSC and rapamycin combined therapy. In addition,the underlying mechanism was studied by measuring a number of cytokines. Results:Preoperative combination of PVIDSC and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin significantly prolonged the survival of heterotopic cardiac allograft in mice,but had no effects on the survival time of cardiac allografts in mice pre-sensitized by skin grafting. Preoperative combination of PVIDSC and intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin increased the expression of IL-10 and Foxp3 and reduced the expression of INF-γ. Short-term preoperative administration of rapamycin promotes the expression of CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+ regulator T cells. However,preoperative using alone of rapamycin,or combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin had no effects on the inhibition of proliferation of memory T cells. Conclusions:Preoperative application of combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin significantly prolonged the survival time of cardiac allografts in mice but not in mice pre-sensitized by skin grafting. This may be explained by the fact that combination of PVIDSC and rapamycin inhibited the cellular immune response and induced the expression of IL-10 from Tr1 cells and CD4^+CD25^+FoxP3^+ regulatory T cells.

Littoral-cell angioma of the spleen:A case report

Littoral-cell angioma (LCA) is a primary splenic vascular tumor that arises from the normal littoral cells lining the sinus channels of the splenic red pulp. We report a case of LCA of the spleen, which has been infrequently communicated in the literature. A 76-year-old man with a 2-wk history of weight loss, abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits was admitted to our hospital. Imaging studies (CT and MRI) showed multiple lesions in the spleen. Splenectomy was performed. Lining cells were positive for CD31/CD68 markers. Our case was associated with a serrated colonic adenoma. LCA is a benign vascular tumor of the spleen that needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of multiple splenic nodules.

Functional distinction of rat liver natural killer cells from spleen natural killer cells under normal and acidic conditions in vitro

BACKGROUND: The microenvironment within solid tumors has often been shown to exhibit an acidic extracellular pH. Although the morphologic and functional differences in natural killer (NK) cells of the liver and spleen have been reported previously under physiological conditions, the difference under acidic conditions is still unclear. This study was to investigate the differences in the morphological and functional characteristics between rat liver and spleen NK cells under normal and acidic conditions in vitro. METHODS: Liver and spleen NK cells were isolated and purified from Sprague-Dawley rats by density gradient centrifugation and the Dynabeads FlowComp TM Flexi system, and stimulated for 4 days with or without IL-2 or treated with low pH or control for different times. Morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cell death and proliferation assays were performed by flow cytometry, IFN-γ production was tested by ELISA, and cytotoxic activity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. RESULTS: Liver NK cells had significantly higher levels of cytotoxic activity than spleen NK cells under normal and acidic conditions, and the maximum difference was observed at pH 5.6. Further analysis revealed that the cytotoxic activity of NK cells was correlated with morphology, cell death, proliferative activity and IFN-γ production. By TEM, liver NK cells contained a greater number of electron-dense granules per cell at pH 5.6.Moreover, a modest elevation of cell death and reduction of proliferation of liver NK cells occurred within a range of 5.6-7.2. Interestingly, an acidic extracellular pH only marginally, and not significantly, suppressed IFN-γ production by liver NK cells. CONCLUSION: The sharp morphological and functional differences shown by the two types of NK cells in vitro indicate that liver NK cells are unexpectedly resistant to pH shock.

Littoral-cell angioma of the spleen:a case report

Littoral-cell angioma(LCA), a primary angioma which clinically belongs to splenic hemangioma, can be mostly found in normal spleen red sinus shore cells of reticuloendothelial cell system. The cells of LCA strongly express endothelial and tissue cell associated antigens that indicate a dual differentiation characteristic; whereas only endothelial cell markers are positive in normal spleen red sinus shore cells. Diagnosis of LCA relies on histopathology. Regular follow-up is needed to monitor recurrence and metastasis.

The effect of spleen on the change of Treg cells during mouse pregnancy

Objective:To analyze the effect of spleen on the Treg cells during pregnancy. Methods: The mononuclear cells were separated from the peripheral, spleen and uterus or placenta blood. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the percent of Treg cells in total T cells in different stages of pregnancy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to make sure the distribution of Treg in spleen in different stages of pregnancy. Results: The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with spleen Treg cells in normal unpregnant mice, spleen Treg cells on day 7 and 14 of pregnancy significantly increased. After splenectomy, peripheral blood and placenta Treg cells on day 7 of pregnancy markedly decreased as compared with the normal pregnancy(P<0.01). And the cells on day 14of pregnancy were markedly recovered as compared with the normal pregnancy. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the spleen and its Treg cells might play important roles in transient tolerance during pregnancy.

Littoral cell angiomas of the spleen associated with solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas

Littoral cell angiomas(LCA) of the spleen are vascular tumors of unknown etiology arising from the littoral cells of the splenic red pulp sinuses. Usually a benign and incidental finding,LCA have been repeatedly reported in association with a variety of visceral malignancies and hold the potential for dissemination per se. We encountered a case of a 30 year old female who was diagnosed with solid pseudopapillary tumor of the head and distal pancreas by fine needle aspiration cytology. A distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed in addition to a pylorus-preserving Whipple's procedure and cholecystectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreasand showed multiple well-circumscribed anastomosing vascular channels in the spleen. The diagnosis of LCA of the spleen was confirmed by immunohistochemistry that revealed co-expression of endothelial cell marker,CD31 and CD34,along with histiocytic marker,CD68 by the vascular lining cells. LCA has been previously reported in association with colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma,malignant lymphoma,myelodysplasia and autoimmune disorders. We report the first case of LCA associated with solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas.

The Spleen and Sickle Cell Anemia: A Contrast Enhanced Computerized Tomography Based Study

The spleen is one of the most frequently affected organs in sickle cell anemia (SCA). This study aims to characterize the spleen in sickle cell anemia patients using contrast enhanced computerized tomography scanning (CECT). 67 patients with SCA from different Saudi Arabian areas were enrolled;ages are ranged from 10 months to 28 years old. The spleen was assessed with CT for abdominal pain and/or unexplained fever. The evaluation was done at different contrast enhancement scanning phases. The study showed that the least number of affected patients was from Eastern Saudi Arabia (1.5%) followed by Asseer (16.4%) then Gazan representing 82.1%. The most common type of SCA affected the Saudi children is Hemoglobin SS Disease (Hb SS) constituting 41 (61.2%). The spleen size, lymph nodes size, spleen Hounsfield (HU), splenic vein diameter and the correlation with the associated findings were evaluated for all of the patients. In children affected with SCA: 26 (38.8%) have splenomegaly, 18 (26.9%) have atrophied spleen and 2 (3.0%) are with very small tissue like structure. Lesions found in the spleen were abscess, infarction, cyst, and calcifications. At the spleen hilum region;dilated splenic vein, presence of multiple collaterals, and thrombus were also been detected. Significantly correlations were noticed between lesions type, child age, enlargement of spleen and splenic lymph nodes at P ≤ 0.033, P ≤ 0.010 and P ≤ 0.012 respectively and showed an evidence that the reduction of the HU and advanced age have significant relation with changing of the spleen size at P ≤ 0.004 and P ≤ 0.000 respectively. Spleen lesions’ enhancement pattern is well emerged in both venous and delay phase and it was significantly related with the scanning phase at P ≤ 0.000 and with different types of SCA at P ≤ 0.037, and P ≤ 0.055 in venous and delay phase in respectively. CECT offers a number of morphological criteria that can be applied to differentiate hypodense lesions of the spleen in SCA. CT characterization criteria of hypodense splenic lesions are acknowledged to aid interpretation during evaluation of abdominal CT images of the spleen in symptomatic patients with sickle cell anemia.

REGULATORY EFFECTS OF HUMAN RECOMBINANT IL-6 ON NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN FETAL SPLEENS

In the present study it was proved first that human recombinant interleukin-6(HrIL-6) significantly augmented natural killer(NK) cell activity derived from human fetal spleens against K562 target cells in a 4 hours 51Cr release assay. The enhancement of NK activity with 24 hours preincubation in HrlL-6 was dose-dependent, and significantly higher than that of fresh NK cells and controls cultured with RPMI-1640 medium alone (P<0.001). We also found that IL-6 was able to augment NK activity from different fetal spleens at 20 to 40 weeks of gestation (up to 2.24 to 2.78 times), and no difference of NK activity of fetal splenocytes treated by HrIL-6 was observed between different fetal age (32.3% to 45.4%, P>0.05). Furthermore, IL-6-augmented NK activity of fetal splenocytes was very similar to adult levels (P>0.05). These finding strongly indicated that IL-6 plays an important role in the development of NK cell function during the gestational period, suggesting that IL-6 may be of importance in the regulation of host defense mechanisms against malignancies and viral diseases.

“脾肾相赞”理论探讨不同治法对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成肌分化中TNF-α、JNK含量影响

目的在“脾肾相赞”理论指导下,比较不同中医治法对大鼠BMSCs成肌分化及过程中TNF-α、JNK蛋白表达的影响,分析中医治疗骨质疏松症的机制。方法将大鼠分为正常组、诱导组、补肾组、健脾组、补肾健脾组(随机数字表法),制备含药血清,选取第4代BMSCs进行实验,运用免疫荧光法分析各组成肌分化情况,酶联免疫吸附法检测TNF-α、JNK蛋白表达量。结果①BMSCs经诱导15d后,通过免疫荧光化学染色法检测MyoG荧光平均强度,结果显示:各组均显著高于正常组(P<0.01),补肾健脾组最高。②TNF-α蛋白检测:补肾组、补肾健脾组显著低于正常组(P<0.01)。③JNK蛋白检测:各组显著低于正常组(P<0.01)。结论①各治法中,补肾健脾法对大鼠BMSCs成肌分化的促进效果最佳,为通过脾肾、肌骨双方向治疗OP提供可能。②各中医治法均对大鼠BMSCs的成肌分化存在促进作用,这可能与降低TNF-α、JNK水平有关。

Effect of Sijunzi Decoction on the Myonuclear Domain of Rat Soleus in Spleen Qi Deficiency

Objective: To study the mechanism of Sijunzi decoction treating limb weakness in spleen Qi deficiency (SQD) based on the myonuclear domain (MND) theory. Methods: 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal group, SQD model group (model group), SQD+ still water group (SW group) and SQD+ Sijunzi decoction group (CM group), 10 rats each group;Grip-Strength Meter was used to measure limb grip strength;transmission electron microscope was employed to observe the ultrastructural changes of the myofibers, Image Pro 6.0 was used to measure the myonuclear numbers, cross-section area (CSA) and then their ratios (the MND sizes) were calculated, immunofluorescence assay was chosen to test the expressions of paired box gene 7 (Pax7) and myogenic differentiation antigen (MyoD). Results: Compared with those in the normal group, limb grip strength was decreased, sarcomeres were abnormal, and all the myonuclear numbers, CSA and MND sizes were reduced, but the Pax7+ cell numbers were increased, significantly, in the model and SW groups;Compared with those in the model and SW groups, limb grip strength was increased, sarcomeres were basically normal, the myonuclear number and CSA were both greater, and the Pax7+ and MyoD+ cell numbers were both increased, significantly, in the CM group. Conclusion: Sijunzi decoction might increase the myonuclear number by activating the MSCs to treat limb weakness in SQD.

EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL MOXIBUSTION ON SERUM GASTRIN,URINARY D-XYLOSE EXCRETORY RATE AND T CELL SUBGROUPS IN SPLEEN DEFICIENCY PATIENTS

The medicinal moxa stick made by moxa wool combining with Chinese medicines of supporting the body resistance and strengthening the spleen was used to treat 74 cases of spleen deficiency, the other 41 patients as control were treated by pure moxa stick. After treatment, the serum gastrin, urinary D - xylose excretory rate and T cell subgroups in patients with spleen deficiency have been greatly improved as compared with those before treatment in two groups (P< 0.01 or 0.05). Comparing the changes of the indexes between treatment group and control group, there were significant(P<0.05), or markedly significant(P<0.01) differences. It indicated that the medicinal moxibustion could improve the secreting and absorbing functions of digestive tract and the cellular immune function in patients with spleen deficiency.

大鼠严重腹腔感染后脾脏细胞周期的变化

目的探讨大鼠腹腔感染时动物的死亡率,脾脏细胞周期和细胞凋亡的变化。方法采用盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)制备大鼠腹腔感染的动物模型,计算术后0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h和72 h动物的死亡率,流式细胞仪检测脾脏实质细胞细胞周期及细胞凋亡的变化,Western_blot法检测不同时间点脾脏细胞周期素依赖性激酶的抑制因子p27蛋白的表达。结果在大鼠CLP诱导的全身炎症反应中,CLP术后0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h动物死亡率逐渐增加,最高达88.81%,CLP术后0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h动物腹腔感染逐渐加重,48 h及72 h后腹腔炎性局限并逐渐减轻。在CLP术后48 h内脾脏细胞出现周期G1阻滞、凋亡细胞百分数增加、p27表达增加;48 h后细胞周期G1期阻滞逐渐恢复,凋亡细胞逐渐减少,p27表达减少。在CLP术后48 h内脾脏细胞周期S和G2/M期细胞百分数减少,48 h后S和G2/M期细胞百分数逐渐增加。结论脾脏细胞周期阻滞和细胞凋亡可能参与了大鼠腹腔感染后动物死亡率变化。

基于“脾胰同源”探究从脾论治2型糖尿病胰岛细胞铁死亡

近年来,随着社会、自然环境、饮食结构与行为心理因素的不断变化,2型糖尿病(T2DM)已成为危害人类健康的主要公共卫生问题,其发病机制复杂,存在多层次、多环节代谢异常。T2DM的基础病理是胰岛素抵抗合并胰岛细胞功能障碍,而胰岛细胞功能障碍是T2DM病情进展的核心。因此,保护胰岛细胞免受损伤是治疗T2DM的重要环节。导致胰岛细胞受损的因素众多,越来越多的研究发现,铁死亡作为一种新的受调控的程序性细胞死亡与胰岛细胞受损关联密切。目前,中医治疗胰岛细胞铁死亡的理论研究依据不足,需要进一步挖掘其理论内涵,补充更多的理论基础。基于《难经》关于脾脏的记载、《内经》关于脾瘅、消渴、消瘅等病机论述、张锡纯《医学衷中参西录》“脾胰同源”学说及现代医家的研究成果,发现胰岛细胞功能障碍是中医脾功能失常的关键内涵,临床根据糖尿病分期、证候及病机特点,施以健脾益气、滋脾清热、行脾化浊等从脾论治的方法可以改善胰岛功能,抑制胰岛细胞受损。由此推论胰岛细胞铁死亡与脾失健运息息相关,而从脾论治胰岛细胞铁死亡将成为新的探索路径。

银杏外种皮提取物干预肿瘤抗原致敏淋巴细胞对Heps的杀伤作用

目的:研究在银杏外种皮提取物(GBEE)干预下,肿瘤抗原致敏淋巴细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。方法:用正常小鼠的脾脏制备脾淋巴细胞悬液(Lc);用反复冻融法处理肝癌Heps细胞,取其离心上清液制成肿瘤抗原(Ag);以脾淋巴细胞与肿瘤抗原体积比=2∶1配成的肿瘤抗原致敏淋巴细胞溶液(AgLc)和浓度为480μg/mL的GBEE充分混合置于6孔板中,培养箱中培养后,将其加入接种了Heps细胞的孔板中再培养。此为GBEE+AgLc+Heps细胞组,同时设置Heps组、Lc+Heps组、AgLc+Heps组、GBEE+Heps组、GBEE+Lc+Heps组等组别,用MTT法测定各组淋巴细胞对Heps肝癌细胞的体外杀伤活性。结果:肝癌Heps肿瘤抗原致敏的淋巴细胞对Heps细胞的杀伤作用增强,杀伤率为10.63%,与Lc+Heps对照组比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05),GBEE+AgLc+Heps组杀伤肿瘤细胞作用最为明显,杀伤率为50.59%,显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。结论:GBEE能促进肿瘤抗原致敏淋巴细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。

基于“肝病实脾”理论探讨逍遥散对肝纤维化大鼠肝星状细胞铁死亡的影响

目的:基于“肝病实脾”理论探讨逍遥散对肝纤维化大鼠肝星状细胞铁死亡的影响。方法:采用腹腔注射四氯化碳的方法建立肝纤维化大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、逍遥散组、水飞蓟宾葡甲胺组,每组12只,另选12只SD大鼠腹腔注射等剂量玉米油设为对照组,以逍遥散、水飞蓟宾葡甲胺分组处理后检测各组大鼠肝功能指标天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT);检测各组大鼠肝指数并以Masson染色检测各组大鼠肝纤维化,比较其肝胶原容积分数(CVF);以免疫组织化学染色检测各组大鼠肝星状细胞活化,比较其肝组织α-SMA阳性表达;通过16SrRNA基因测序检测各组大鼠肠道菌群改变。分离培养上述各组大鼠原代肝星状细胞(HSC),以试剂盒测定各组大鼠HSC铁死亡指标:铁含量、谷胱甘肽(GSH)及丙二醛(MDA)水平;以免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠HSC铁死亡标志蛋白[长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶4(ACSL4)、环加氧酶2(PTGS2)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶4(GPX4)]表达。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠拟杆菌目丰度、HSC铁含量、MDA水平、ACSL4与PTGS2蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.05),血清AST与ALT水平、肝指数、肝CVF、肝组织α-SMA阳性比、ACE指数、梭菌目丰度、HSC中GSH水平与GPX4蛋白表达均明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,逍遥散组、水飞蓟宾葡甲胺组大鼠拟杆菌目丰度、HSC铁含量、MDA水平、ACSL4与PTGS2蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05),血清AST与ALT水平、肝指数、肝CVF、肝组织α-SMA阳性比、ACE指数、梭菌目丰度、HSC中GSH水平与GPX4蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05);与逍遥散组相比,水飞蓟宾葡甲胺组大鼠各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:逍遥散可通过诱导肝星状细胞铁死亡而抑制其活性,进而减轻肝纤维化大鼠肝组织肝纤维化,减轻其肝功能损伤,最终对大鼠发挥明显肝保护作用。

脾氨肽冻干粉治疗肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的效果

目的:观察脾氨肽冻干粉治疗肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿的效果。方法:回顾性分析2022年9月至2023年8月该院收治的78例MPP患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方案不同将其分为对照组与研究组各39例。对照组采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法联合氨溴索治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采用脾氨肽口服冻干粉治疗,比较两组临床疗效,临床症状及体征消失时间,治疗前后T细胞亚群指标(CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、CD3^(+))水平、炎性指标[粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(s ICAM-1)、白细胞介素(IL)-12、IL-18]水平,以及不良反应发生率。结果:研究组治疗总有效率为94.87%(37/39),高于对照组的76.92%(30/39),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组发热、咳嗽、肺部啰音、气喘等临床症状及体征消失时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、CD3^(+)水平均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组G-CSF、s ICAM-1、IL-12、IL-18水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在阿奇霉素序贯疗法联合氨溴索治疗基础上采用脾氨肽冻干粉治疗MPP患儿可提高治疗总有效率和T细胞亚群指标水平,缩短临床症状及体征消失时间,降低炎性指标水平,其效果优于单纯阿奇霉素序贯疗法联合氨溴索治疗。

Liver regeneration using decellularized splenic scaffold: a novel approach in tissue engineering

BACKGROUND： The potential application of decellularized liver scaffold for liver regeneration is limited by severe shortage of donor organs. Attempt of using heterograft scaffold is accompanied with high risks of zoonosis and immunological rejection. We proposed that the spleen, which procured more extensively than the liver, could be an ideal source of decellularized scaffold for liver regeneration. METHODS： After harvested from donor rat, the spleen was processed by 12-hour freezing/thawing ×2 cycles, then circulation perfusion of 0.02% trypsin and 3% Triton X-100 sequentially through the splenic artery for 32 hours in total to prepare decellularized scaffold. The structure and component characteristics of the scaffold were determined by hematoxylin and eosin and immumohistochemical staining, scanning electron microscope, DNA detection, porosity measurement, biocompatibility and cytocompatibility test. Recellularization of scaffold by 5×106 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs） was carried out to preliminarily evaluate the feasibility of liver regeneration by BMSCs reseeding and differentiation in decellularized splenic scaffold.RESULTS： After decellularization, a translucent scaffold, which retained the gross shape of the spleen, was generated. Histological evaluation and residual DNA quantitation revealed the remaining of extracellular matrix without nucleus and cytoplasm residue. Immunohistochemical study proved the existence of collagens I, IV, fibronectin, laminin and elastin in decellularized splenic scaffold, which showed a similarity with decellularized liver. A scanning electron microscope presented the remaining three-dimensional porous structure of extracellular matrix and small blood vessels. The poros-ity of scaffold, aperture of 45.36±4.87 μm and pore rate of 80.14%±2.99% was suitable for cell engraftment. Subcutaneous implantation of decellularized scaffold presented good histocompatibility, and recellularization of the splenic scaffold demonstrated that BMSCs could locate and survive in the decellularized matrix. CONCLUSION： Considering the more extensive organ source and satisfying biocompatibility, the present study indicated that the three-dimensional decellularized splenic scaffold might have considerable potential for liver regeneration when combined with BMSCs reseeding and differentiation.

Malignant lymphoma of spleen presenting as acute pancreatitis: A case report

This is a case report of a patient who presented with acute pancreatitis without the common causes. A pancreatic biopsy revealed large B cell lymphoma. Spleen lymphoma with pancreatic involvement inducing acute pancreatitis, which is a rare disorder, was diagnosed. Here we also review the few similar cases reported in the literature.