In this paper,a novel method is proposed and employed to design a single diffractive optical element(DOE) for implementing spectrum-splitting and beam-concentration(SSBC) functions simultaneously.We develop an optimiz...In this paper,a novel method is proposed and employed to design a single diffractive optical element(DOE) for implementing spectrum-splitting and beam-concentration(SSBC) functions simultaneously.We develop an optimization algorithm,through which the SSBC DOE can be optimized within an arbitrary thickness range according to the limitations of modern photolithography technology.Theoretical simulation results reveal that the designed SSBC DOE has a high optical focusing efficiency.It is expected that the designed SSBC DOE should have practical applications in high-efficiency solar cell systems.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a class of anionic clays consisting of brucite-like host layers and interlayer anions, have been widely investigated in the last decade due to their promising applications in many are...Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a class of anionic clays consisting of brucite-like host layers and interlayer anions, have been widely investigated in the last decade due to their promising applications in many areas such as catalysis, ion separation and adsorption. Owing to the highly tunable compositi on and uniform distribution of metal cations in the brucite-like layers, as well as the facile exchangeability of intercalated anions, LDHs can be modified and functionalized to form various nanostructures/composites through versatile processes such as anion intercalation and exfoliation, decoration of nanoparticles, selfassembly with other two-dimensional (2D) materials, and controlled growth on conductive supports (e.g., nanowire arrays, nano tubes, 3D foams). In this article, we briefly review the recent advances on both the LDH nano structures and functionalized composites toward the applications in energy conversion, especially for water oxidation.展开更多
β-Ge3N4 loaded with nanoparticulate RuO2 as a cocatalyst is the first successful non-oxide photocatalyst for overall water splitting.To get an insight into the working mechanism of this particular photocatalytic syst...β-Ge3N4 loaded with nanoparticulate RuO2 as a cocatalyst is the first successful non-oxide photocatalyst for overall water splitting.To get an insight into the working mechanism of this particular photocatalytic system,we have calculated geometrical structures of low-index surfaces forβ-Ge3N4.Analysis of surface energies indicates that the most preferentially exposed surface is(100).The band gap of surface is narrower than that of bulk due to the dangling bonds.Dissociative water adsorption on(100)surface is thermodynamically favorable.The adsorption behavior of(RuO2)n(n=2,3,and 4)clusters on theβ-Ge3N4(100)surface has been explored.It is found that all the clusters bind to(100)surface strongly by forming interfacial bonds so that the adsorptions are exothermic processes.The calculation on density of states forβ-Ge3N4(100)surface loaded with(RuO2)nclusters reveals that photo-induced electrons tend to accumulate on(RuO2)nclusters and holes tend to stay inβ-Ge3N4.Based on the theoretical indication of Type-II staggered band alignment,we have proposed that in photocatalytic water splitting reaction,oxygen evolution reaction is inclined to occur on the surface ofβ-Ge3N4 while hydrogen evolution reaction is apt to occur on(RuO2)nclusters.In a word,loading RuO2 nanoparticles as a reduction cocatalyst benefits the charge separation inβ-Ge3N4.Furthermore,attaching(RuO2)nclusters ontoβ-Ge3N4(100)surface results in the redshift of absorption edge and the increase of absorption intensity.Our calculations have reasonably explained the experimental observation on the decomposition of water into H2 and O2 after loading RuO2 cocatalyst inβ-Ge3N4 photocatalyst.展开更多
In this paper,we report on a series of computational simulations on hydrogen bonding in two ice phases(Ih and Ic)using CASTEP with PW91 and RPBE exchange–correlation based on ab initio density functional theory.The s...In this paper,we report on a series of computational simulations on hydrogen bonding in two ice phases(Ih and Ic)using CASTEP with PW91 and RPBE exchange–correlation based on ab initio density functional theory.The strength of the H-bond is correlated with intramolecular O–H stretching,and the energy splitting exists for both the H-bond and covalent O–H stretching.By analyzing the dispersion relationship ofω(q),we observe the separation of the longitudinal optic(LO)mode from transverse optic(TO)mode at the gamma point,seemingly interpreting the controversial two H-bond peaks in the vibrational spectrum of ice recorded by inelastic incoherent neutron scattering experiments.The test of ambient environment on phonon density of sates(PDOS)shows that the relaxed tetrahedral structure is the most stable structural configuration for water clusters.展开更多
To better understand the effect of a new split variant of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR H1b) on ASGPR ligands' binding ability, we established a functional cell line which expresses ASGPR.The full lengt...To better understand the effect of a new split variant of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR H1b) on ASGPR ligands' binding ability, we established a functional cell line which expresses ASGPR.The full lengths of ASGPRH1a and H2c fragments from human liver were amplified by reverse transcript PCR (RT-PCR) and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2EFP, pCDNA3.1 (Zeo+) respectively.The recombinants were cotransfected into HeLa cells.After selection by using Neocin and Zeocin, a stably transfected cell line was established, which was designated 4-1-6.The transcription and expression of ASGPRH1a and H2c in 4-1-6 were confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence.The endocytosis function of the artificial "ASGPR" on the surface of 4-1-6 was tested by FACS.It was found that the cell line 4-1-6 could bind ASGPR natural ligand molecular asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR).After the eukaryotic plasmid H1b/pCDNA3.1 (neo) was transfected into cell line 4-1-6, H1b did not down-regulate the ligand binding ability of ASGPR.The eukaryotic expression plasmid H1b/pcDNA3.1 (neo) and H2c/pcDNA3.1 (neo) were co-transfected transiently into Hela cell.Neither single H1b nor H1b and H2c could bind ASOR.In conclusion, a functional cell line of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) which expresses both H1a and H2c stably was established.The new split variant H1b has no effect on ASGPR binding to ASOR.ASGPRH1b alone can't bind to ASOR, it yet can't form functional complex with ASGPRH2c.展开更多
The increased concern over global climate change and lack of long-term sustainability of fossil fuels in the projected future has prompted further research into advanced alternative fuel vehicles to reduce vehicle emi...The increased concern over global climate change and lack of long-term sustainability of fossil fuels in the projected future has prompted further research into advanced alternative fuel vehicles to reduce vehicle emissions and fuel consumption. One of the primary advanced vehicle research areas involves electrification and hybridization of vehicles. As hybrid-electric vehicle technology has advanced, so has the need for more innovative control schemes for hybrid vehicles, including the development and optimization of hybrid powertrain transmission shift schedules. The hybrid shift schedule works in tandem with a cost function-based torque split algorithm that dynamically determines the optimal torque command for the electric motor and engine. The focus of this work is to develop and analyze the benefits and limitations of two different shift schedules for a position-3 (P3) parallel hybrid-electric vehicle. a traditional two-parameter shift schedule that operates as a function of vehicle accelerator position and vehicle speed (state of charge (SOC) independent shift schedule), and a three-parameter shift schedule that also adapts to fluctuations in the state of charge of the high voltage batteries (SOC dependent shift schedule). The shift schedules were generated using an exhaustive search coupled with a fitness function to evaluate all possible vehicle operating points. The generated shift schedules were then tested in the software-in-the-loop (SIL) environment and the vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) environment and compared to each other, as well as to the stock 8L45 8-speed transmission shift schedule. The results show that both generated shift schedules improved upon the stock transmission shift schedule used in the hybrid powertrain comparing component efficiency, vehicle efficiency, engine fuel economy, and vehicle fuel economy.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB301801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (GrantNos. 91233202,10904099,11204188,61205097,and 11174211)
文摘In this paper,a novel method is proposed and employed to design a single diffractive optical element(DOE) for implementing spectrum-splitting and beam-concentration(SSBC) functions simultaneously.We develop an optimization algorithm,through which the SSBC DOE can be optimized within an arbitrary thickness range according to the limitations of modern photolithography technology.Theoretical simulation results reveal that the designed SSBC DOE has a high optical focusing efficiency.It is expected that the designed SSBC DOE should have practical applications in high-efficiency solar cell systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21505050,51672109)the Dispatch of Faculty Abroad of the University of Jinan+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2016FM30)supported in part by the WPI-MANA,Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,Japansupport from JSPS KAKENNHI(18H03869)
文摘Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a class of anionic clays consisting of brucite-like host layers and interlayer anions, have been widely investigated in the last decade due to their promising applications in many areas such as catalysis, ion separation and adsorption. Owing to the highly tunable compositi on and uniform distribution of metal cations in the brucite-like layers, as well as the facile exchangeability of intercalated anions, LDHs can be modified and functionalized to form various nanostructures/composites through versatile processes such as anion intercalation and exfoliation, decoration of nanoparticles, selfassembly with other two-dimensional (2D) materials, and controlled growth on conductive supports (e.g., nanowire arrays, nano tubes, 3D foams). In this article, we briefly review the recent advances on both the LDH nano structures and functionalized composites toward the applications in energy conversion, especially for water oxidation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 21473183the open fund of Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences(Fudan University),Ministry of Education.
文摘β-Ge3N4 loaded with nanoparticulate RuO2 as a cocatalyst is the first successful non-oxide photocatalyst for overall water splitting.To get an insight into the working mechanism of this particular photocatalytic system,we have calculated geometrical structures of low-index surfaces forβ-Ge3N4.Analysis of surface energies indicates that the most preferentially exposed surface is(100).The band gap of surface is narrower than that of bulk due to the dangling bonds.Dissociative water adsorption on(100)surface is thermodynamically favorable.The adsorption behavior of(RuO2)n(n=2,3,and 4)clusters on theβ-Ge3N4(100)surface has been explored.It is found that all the clusters bind to(100)surface strongly by forming interfacial bonds so that the adsorptions are exothermic processes.The calculation on density of states forβ-Ge3N4(100)surface loaded with(RuO2)nclusters reveals that photo-induced electrons tend to accumulate on(RuO2)nclusters and holes tend to stay inβ-Ge3N4.Based on the theoretical indication of Type-II staggered band alignment,we have proposed that in photocatalytic water splitting reaction,oxygen evolution reaction is inclined to occur on the surface ofβ-Ge3N4 while hydrogen evolution reaction is apt to occur on(RuO2)nclusters.In a word,loading RuO2 nanoparticles as a reduction cocatalyst benefits the charge separation inβ-Ge3N4.Furthermore,attaching(RuO2)nclusters ontoβ-Ge3N4(100)surface results in the redshift of absorption edge and the increase of absorption intensity.Our calculations have reasonably explained the experimental observation on the decomposition of water into H2 and O2 after loading RuO2 cocatalyst inβ-Ge3N4 photocatalyst.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11075094)
文摘In this paper,we report on a series of computational simulations on hydrogen bonding in two ice phases(Ih and Ic)using CASTEP with PW91 and RPBE exchange–correlation based on ab initio density functional theory.The strength of the H-bond is correlated with intramolecular O–H stretching,and the energy splitting exists for both the H-bond and covalent O–H stretching.By analyzing the dispersion relationship ofω(q),we observe the separation of the longitudinal optic(LO)mode from transverse optic(TO)mode at the gamma point,seemingly interpreting the controversial two H-bond peaks in the vibrational spectrum of ice recorded by inelastic incoherent neutron scattering experiments.The test of ambient environment on phonon density of sates(PDOS)shows that the relaxed tetrahedral structure is the most stable structural configuration for water clusters.
基金supported by grants from the National Major Science and Technology Special Project for Infectious Diseases of China (No.2008ZX10002-011)National High Technology Research and Development of China (Program 863) (No.2006AA02Z128)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.30700701,30571646)
文摘To better understand the effect of a new split variant of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR H1b) on ASGPR ligands' binding ability, we established a functional cell line which expresses ASGPR.The full lengths of ASGPRH1a and H2c fragments from human liver were amplified by reverse transcript PCR (RT-PCR) and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2EFP, pCDNA3.1 (Zeo+) respectively.The recombinants were cotransfected into HeLa cells.After selection by using Neocin and Zeocin, a stably transfected cell line was established, which was designated 4-1-6.The transcription and expression of ASGPRH1a and H2c in 4-1-6 were confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence.The endocytosis function of the artificial "ASGPR" on the surface of 4-1-6 was tested by FACS.It was found that the cell line 4-1-6 could bind ASGPR natural ligand molecular asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR).After the eukaryotic plasmid H1b/pCDNA3.1 (neo) was transfected into cell line 4-1-6, H1b did not down-regulate the ligand binding ability of ASGPR.The eukaryotic expression plasmid H1b/pcDNA3.1 (neo) and H2c/pcDNA3.1 (neo) were co-transfected transiently into Hela cell.Neither single H1b nor H1b and H2c could bind ASOR.In conclusion, a functional cell line of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) which expresses both H1a and H2c stably was established.The new split variant H1b has no effect on ASGPR binding to ASOR.ASGPRH1b alone can't bind to ASOR, it yet can't form functional complex with ASGPRH2c.
文摘The increased concern over global climate change and lack of long-term sustainability of fossil fuels in the projected future has prompted further research into advanced alternative fuel vehicles to reduce vehicle emissions and fuel consumption. One of the primary advanced vehicle research areas involves electrification and hybridization of vehicles. As hybrid-electric vehicle technology has advanced, so has the need for more innovative control schemes for hybrid vehicles, including the development and optimization of hybrid powertrain transmission shift schedules. The hybrid shift schedule works in tandem with a cost function-based torque split algorithm that dynamically determines the optimal torque command for the electric motor and engine. The focus of this work is to develop and analyze the benefits and limitations of two different shift schedules for a position-3 (P3) parallel hybrid-electric vehicle. a traditional two-parameter shift schedule that operates as a function of vehicle accelerator position and vehicle speed (state of charge (SOC) independent shift schedule), and a three-parameter shift schedule that also adapts to fluctuations in the state of charge of the high voltage batteries (SOC dependent shift schedule). The shift schedules were generated using an exhaustive search coupled with a fitness function to evaluate all possible vehicle operating points. The generated shift schedules were then tested in the software-in-the-loop (SIL) environment and the vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) environment and compared to each other, as well as to the stock 8L45 8-speed transmission shift schedule. The results show that both generated shift schedules improved upon the stock transmission shift schedule used in the hybrid powertrain comparing component efficiency, vehicle efficiency, engine fuel economy, and vehicle fuel economy.
