With the increasing short-circuit power of system,it is an effective way to solve the large capacity of short-circuit breaking by using parallel breaking technology which composed by a high coupling splitter reactor a...With the increasing short-circuit power of system,it is an effective way to solve the large capacity of short-circuit breaking by using parallel breaking technology which composed by a high coupling splitter reactor and two parallel breakers in series.According to research the TRV equivalent calculation circuit and initial conditions in equal current mode and limit current mode respectively,the prospective TRV of CB1and CB2have been calculated for rated voltage of 252 kV and rated short-circuit current of85 k A.The results indicate that TRV of CB1and CB2are not affected by high split coupled reactor in equal current interruption mode,and TRV of CB1is under the standard requirement values after first current zero crossing and the TRV of CB2is exceed the standard requirement values after second current zero crossing which is also higher than the ITRV and line-side TRV of SLF in limit current interruption mode.Furthermore,the research conclusions of this paper can provide the theory and reference basis for parallel breaking technology.展开更多
In the manufacturing processes of high value-added products in the pharmaceutical, fine chemical polymer and food industry, insufficient control might produce off-grade products. This can cause significant financial l...In the manufacturing processes of high value-added products in the pharmaceutical, fine chemical polymer and food industry, insufficient control might produce off-grade products. This can cause significant financial losses, or in the pharmaceutical industry, it can result in an unusable batch. In these industries, batch reactors are commonly used, the control of which is essentially a problem of temperature control. In the industry, an increasing number of heating-cooling systems utilising three different temperature levels can be found, which are advantageous from an economic point of view. However, it makes the control more complicated. This paper presents a split-range designing technique using the model of the controlled system with the aim to design a split-range algorithm more specific to the actual sys- tem. The algorithm described provides high control performance when using it with classical PID-based cascade temperature control of jacketed batch reactors;however, it can be used with or as part of other types of controllers, for ex- ample, model-based temperature controllers. The algorithm can be used in the case of systems where only two as well as where three temperature levels are used for temperature control. Besides the switching between the modes of opera- tion and calculating the value of the manipulated variable, one of the most important functions of the split-range algo- rithm is to keep the sign of the gain of the controlled system unchanged. However, with a more system-specific split-range solution, not only can the sign of the gain be kept unchanged, but the gain can also be constant or less de- pendent on the state of the system. Using this solution, the design of the PID controller becomes simpler and can be implemented in existing systems without serious changes.展开更多
输电网的短路故障电流大、危害范围广,实现高压电网的短路故障限流有非常重要的意义。为了降低超导限流器的制造成本和提高其限流能力,提出了一种分裂电抗型超导限流器拓扑,进行了限流原理理论分析和建模方法的研究。针对220 k V输电网...输电网的短路故障电流大、危害范围广,实现高压电网的短路故障限流有非常重要的意义。为了降低超导限流器的制造成本和提高其限流能力,提出了一种分裂电抗型超导限流器拓扑,进行了限流原理理论分析和建模方法的研究。针对220 k V输电网,建立了系统仿真模型,开展了限流器的参数优化方法研究和限流特性分析。并进行了电阻型超导限流单元和分裂电抗器的优化设计。研究结果表明:分裂电抗型超导限流器能够降低超导带材的使用量,提高超导限流器的限流能力和运行可靠性,为220 k V/1.5 k A示范样机的研制奠定了基础。展开更多
串联谐振型限流器(Series-Resonant type Fault Current Limiter,SRFCL)实现故障限流的关键是电容器的旁路(或短路)操作。本文通过引入双分裂电抗器,改变了电容器的旁路方法,实现了对串联谐振型限流器拓扑的改进。在理论上,分析了改进...串联谐振型限流器(Series-Resonant type Fault Current Limiter,SRFCL)实现故障限流的关键是电容器的旁路(或短路)操作。本文通过引入双分裂电抗器,改变了电容器的旁路方法,实现了对串联谐振型限流器拓扑的改进。在理论上,分析了改进型串联谐振型限流器工作原理,并详细研究了限流过程中双分裂电抗器的电感变化特点。研究了电网稳态时双分裂电抗器绕组自感对限流电抗器和电容器的谐振关系的影响,和故障限流过程中绕组漏感对限流器的限流能力的调节作用和对电容器过流的抑制作用。通过建模仿真,分析了双分裂电抗器的漏感和电容器振荡电流的频率和幅值关系,研究了避雷器(MOV1和MOV2)残压与线路电流和电容器电流的关系。最后,在参数优化的基础上,设计和研制了一台400V改进型串联谐振型限流器样机,测试结果表明了双分裂电抗器能够提高串联谐振型限流器的可靠性和限流能力。展开更多
为了降低串联谐振型限流器中流过晶闸管短路电流的幅值和上升率,提高电容器旁路电路的可靠性,提出一种双柱双分裂铁心电抗器,将晶闸管串接在双分裂电抗器的一个支路,然后再与补偿电容器并联。系统正常运行时,双分裂电抗器表现为大电感,...为了降低串联谐振型限流器中流过晶闸管短路电流的幅值和上升率,提高电容器旁路电路的可靠性,提出一种双柱双分裂铁心电抗器,将晶闸管串接在双分裂电抗器的一个支路,然后再与补偿电容器并联。系统正常运行时,双分裂电抗器表现为大电感,流过的电流很小;在电网线路发生短路故障时,晶闸管导通,双分裂电抗器表现为小电感,快速转移流过补偿电容器的短路电流,谐振状态破坏从而实现限流功能。设计并制作了一台应用于400 V串联谐振型限流器的双柱双分裂铁心电抗器样机,基于三维棱边有限元法对电抗器磁场分布和电感参数进行了计算。电抗器以单支路小电流模式运行时,电感为192 m H;以双支路大电流运行模式时,电感为151μH。通过短路电流冲击测试发现,双分裂电抗器可实现电流快速转移且两支路电流均匀分配,电感测试值与仿真值吻合较好。为了降低晶闸管的冲击电流,提出一种在保持单支路运行电感恒定的前提下调整双支路运行电感的方法,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。展开更多
特高压直流输电换流站的绝缘配合对特高压直流输电系统的安全、经济运行有着重要的意义。针对±1 100 k V换流站避雷器配置方案,基于PSCAD仿真软件建立了±1 100 k V特高压直流输电系统仿真模型,并结合系统控制参数,仿真研究了...特高压直流输电换流站的绝缘配合对特高压直流输电系统的安全、经济运行有着重要的意义。针对±1 100 k V换流站避雷器配置方案,基于PSCAD仿真软件建立了±1 100 k V特高压直流输电系统仿真模型,并结合系统控制参数,仿真研究了平波电抗器不同布置方案对换流阀系统各关键位置最高运行电压的影响,分析了直流线路发生接地故障时最高端换流变阀侧绕组电压的变化,结果表明,采用平抗分置布置方式可使关键位置的最高运行电压降低33 k V左右(3%),使阀侧绕组电压振荡幅值减小约60 k V左右,仿真数据对于±1 100 k V换流站的过电压保护具有一定的参考意义。展开更多
文摘With the increasing short-circuit power of system,it is an effective way to solve the large capacity of short-circuit breaking by using parallel breaking technology which composed by a high coupling splitter reactor and two parallel breakers in series.According to research the TRV equivalent calculation circuit and initial conditions in equal current mode and limit current mode respectively,the prospective TRV of CB1and CB2have been calculated for rated voltage of 252 kV and rated short-circuit current of85 k A.The results indicate that TRV of CB1and CB2are not affected by high split coupled reactor in equal current interruption mode,and TRV of CB1is under the standard requirement values after first current zero crossing and the TRV of CB2is exceed the standard requirement values after second current zero crossing which is also higher than the ITRV and line-side TRV of SLF in limit current interruption mode.Furthermore,the research conclusions of this paper can provide the theory and reference basis for parallel breaking technology.
文摘In the manufacturing processes of high value-added products in the pharmaceutical, fine chemical polymer and food industry, insufficient control might produce off-grade products. This can cause significant financial losses, or in the pharmaceutical industry, it can result in an unusable batch. In these industries, batch reactors are commonly used, the control of which is essentially a problem of temperature control. In the industry, an increasing number of heating-cooling systems utilising three different temperature levels can be found, which are advantageous from an economic point of view. However, it makes the control more complicated. This paper presents a split-range designing technique using the model of the controlled system with the aim to design a split-range algorithm more specific to the actual sys- tem. The algorithm described provides high control performance when using it with classical PID-based cascade temperature control of jacketed batch reactors;however, it can be used with or as part of other types of controllers, for ex- ample, model-based temperature controllers. The algorithm can be used in the case of systems where only two as well as where three temperature levels are used for temperature control. Besides the switching between the modes of opera- tion and calculating the value of the manipulated variable, one of the most important functions of the split-range algo- rithm is to keep the sign of the gain of the controlled system unchanged. However, with a more system-specific split-range solution, not only can the sign of the gain be kept unchanged, but the gain can also be constant or less de- pendent on the state of the system. Using this solution, the design of the PID controller becomes simpler and can be implemented in existing systems without serious changes.
文摘输电网的短路故障电流大、危害范围广,实现高压电网的短路故障限流有非常重要的意义。为了降低超导限流器的制造成本和提高其限流能力,提出了一种分裂电抗型超导限流器拓扑,进行了限流原理理论分析和建模方法的研究。针对220 k V输电网,建立了系统仿真模型,开展了限流器的参数优化方法研究和限流特性分析。并进行了电阻型超导限流单元和分裂电抗器的优化设计。研究结果表明:分裂电抗型超导限流器能够降低超导带材的使用量,提高超导限流器的限流能力和运行可靠性,为220 k V/1.5 k A示范样机的研制奠定了基础。
文摘串联谐振型限流器(Series-Resonant type Fault Current Limiter,SRFCL)实现故障限流的关键是电容器的旁路(或短路)操作。本文通过引入双分裂电抗器,改变了电容器的旁路方法,实现了对串联谐振型限流器拓扑的改进。在理论上,分析了改进型串联谐振型限流器工作原理,并详细研究了限流过程中双分裂电抗器的电感变化特点。研究了电网稳态时双分裂电抗器绕组自感对限流电抗器和电容器的谐振关系的影响,和故障限流过程中绕组漏感对限流器的限流能力的调节作用和对电容器过流的抑制作用。通过建模仿真,分析了双分裂电抗器的漏感和电容器振荡电流的频率和幅值关系,研究了避雷器(MOV1和MOV2)残压与线路电流和电容器电流的关系。最后,在参数优化的基础上,设计和研制了一台400V改进型串联谐振型限流器样机,测试结果表明了双分裂电抗器能够提高串联谐振型限流器的可靠性和限流能力。
文摘为了降低串联谐振型限流器中流过晶闸管短路电流的幅值和上升率,提高电容器旁路电路的可靠性,提出一种双柱双分裂铁心电抗器,将晶闸管串接在双分裂电抗器的一个支路,然后再与补偿电容器并联。系统正常运行时,双分裂电抗器表现为大电感,流过的电流很小;在电网线路发生短路故障时,晶闸管导通,双分裂电抗器表现为小电感,快速转移流过补偿电容器的短路电流,谐振状态破坏从而实现限流功能。设计并制作了一台应用于400 V串联谐振型限流器的双柱双分裂铁心电抗器样机,基于三维棱边有限元法对电抗器磁场分布和电感参数进行了计算。电抗器以单支路小电流模式运行时,电感为192 m H;以双支路大电流运行模式时,电感为151μH。通过短路电流冲击测试发现,双分裂电抗器可实现电流快速转移且两支路电流均匀分配,电感测试值与仿真值吻合较好。为了降低晶闸管的冲击电流,提出一种在保持单支路运行电感恒定的前提下调整双支路运行电感的方法,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。
文摘特高压直流输电换流站的绝缘配合对特高压直流输电系统的安全、经济运行有着重要的意义。针对±1 100 k V换流站避雷器配置方案,基于PSCAD仿真软件建立了±1 100 k V特高压直流输电系统仿真模型,并结合系统控制参数,仿真研究了平波电抗器不同布置方案对换流阀系统各关键位置最高运行电压的影响,分析了直流线路发生接地故障时最高端换流变阀侧绕组电压的变化,结果表明,采用平抗分置布置方式可使关键位置的最高运行电压降低33 k V左右(3%),使阀侧绕组电压振荡幅值减小约60 k V左右,仿真数据对于±1 100 k V换流站的过电压保护具有一定的参考意义。
