Numerical Study of the Effect of Splitter Blades on the Flow-Induced Noise of Hydraulic Turbine

In order to study the effect of splitter blades on the internal and external sound field of the hydraulic turbine,the paper chose a centrifugal pump with a specific speed ns=33 reversed as a hydraulic turbine as the research object,and added the short blades on the original impeller to form a new splitter impeller.Based on the Re-Normalization Group(RNG)k-εturbulence model to conduct numerical simulation for the hydraulic turbine,this thesis calculated the internal and external acoustic field by means of the acoustic boundary element(BEM)and finite element(FEM)and analyzed the noise radiation characteristics of the two models under different working conditions.The results show that the blade frequency is the main factor affecting the inlet and outlet sound pressure,and the optimized model decreases the inlet and outlet sound pressure levels by 6.84 and 7.24 dB in optimal working conditions.Rotor-stator interaction is the main reason for the flow-induced noise of hydraulic turbine volute appearing,the optimized model can effectively reduce the impeller and volute rotor-stator interaction and the flow-induced noise of volute.Outfield maximum sound pressure appears at the inlet and the volute tongue,which decreased by 1.84,6.07,and 5.24 dB at each operating condition.To sum up,splitter blades can improve hydraulic characteristics and flow field noise in the hydraulic turbine.

EFFECTS OF SPLITTER BLADES ON THE LAW OF INNER FLOW WITHIN CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IMPELLER

Analysis on the inner flow field of a centrifugal pump impeller with splitter blades is carfled out by numerical simulation. Based on this analysis, the principle of increasing pump head and efficiency are discussed. New results are obtained from the analysis of turbulence kinetic energy and relative velocity distribution： Firstly, unreasonable length or deviation design of the splitter blades may cause great turbulent fluctuation in impeller channel, which has a great effect on the stability of impeller outlet flow; Secondly, it is found that the occurrence of flow separation can be decreased or delayed with splitter blades from the analysis of blade loading; Thirdly, the effect of splitter blades on reforming the structure of ＂jet-wake＂ is explained from the relative velocity distribution at different flow cross-sections, which shows the flow process in the impeller. The inner flow analysis verifies the results of performance tests results and the PIV test.

Numerical simulation of cavitation turbulence in Francis turbine runner with splitter blades

Cavitation will reduce the turbine performance and even damage the turbine components.To verify the effects of splitter blades on improving the cavitation performance,the cavitation flow inside a Francis turbine runner with splitter blades was numerically simulated by using the Singhal cavitation model and the standard k-ε turbulence model.The distributions of static pressure and gas volume fractions on the surface of the runner blades were predicated under different conditions,and the cavitation in the flow field of the runner was analyzed.The results show that the static pressure and gas volume fractions are more uniformly distributed on the short blades than those on the long blades in Francis turbines with splitter blades,and there is almost no cavitation on the short blades;their distributions are more uniform under small flow conditions than those under large flow conditions;and large gas volume fractions are concentrated at the outlet tip near the band on the suction side of the long blade.The installation of splitter blades can improve the cavitation performance of conventional Francis turbines.

Effects of circumferential configuration concerning splitter blade on the aerodynamic performance in a transonic axial fan

For a certain type of transonic axial fan, the flow field of a fan rotor with splitter blade was computed by numerical simulation, and the shape of the rotor was modified. The effects of different circumferential distributions concerning the splitter cascades upon the aerodynamic performance were investigated. The studies show that the optimum splitter cascade is not very close to the suction side of main blade. The load between the main blade and the splitter blade can be soundly distributed in terms of the adjustment of circumferential position of the splitter blade. The best aerodynamic performance can be successfully obtained according to the optimum shape of the expanding fluid channel reasonably formed by the splitter blade and the main blade.

Numerical Study on Internal Flow of Small Axial Flow Fan with Splitter Blades

The splitter blades are widely used in axial compressors and play an active role in the improvement of the overall performance of compressors. However, little research on the application of splitter blades to small axial flow fans is conducted. This paper designs a splitter blade small axial flow fan (model B) with a small axial flow fan as the prototype fan (model A) by adding short blades at the second half part of the passageway among long blades of model A. The steady simulation for the two models was conducted with the help of RNG k-ε turbulence model provided by software Fluent, and static characteristics and internal flow characteristics of the two models were compared and analyzed. Results show that splitter blades can improve the unsteady flow in the small flow rate region and also have a positive role to increase static pressure rise and efficiency in the higher flow rate region. The variation of static pressure gradient on the meridian plane in model B is well-distributed. The static pressure on the blade surface of model B distributes more uniformly. Splitter blades can suppress the secondary flow from pressure side to suction side in the leading edge because the pressure difference between suction side and pressure side in model B is generally lower than that of model A. And it also can restrain the vortex shedding and flow separation, and further it may be able to get the aerodynamic noise lower because static pressure gradient on the blade surface is well-distributed and the vortex shedding is not developed. Therefore, the performance of the fan with splitter blades is better than that of the prototype fan. The findings of this paper can be a basis for the design of high performance small axial flow fans.

Unsteady Internal Flow Conditions of Mini-Centrifugal Pump with Splitter Blades

Mini centrifugal pumps having a diameter smaller than lOOmm are employed in many fields. But the design method for the mini centrifugal pump is not established because the internal flow condition for these small-sized fluid machines is not clarified and conventional theory is not suitable for small-sized pumps. Therefore, mini cen- trifugal pumps with simple structure were investigated by this research. Splitter blades were adopted in this re- search to improve the performance and the internal flow condition of mini centrifugal pump which had large blade outlet angle. The original impeller without the splitter blades and the impeller with the splitter blades were prepared for experiment. The performance tests are conducted with these rotors in order to investigate the effect of the splitter blades on performance and internal flow condition of mini centrifugal pump. On the other hand, a three dimensional unsteady numerical flow analysis was conducted to investigate the change of the internal flow according to the rotor rotation. It is clarified from the experimental results that the performance of the mini cen- trifugal pump is improved by the splitter blades. The blade-to-blade low velocity region was suppressed in the case with the splitter blades. In addition to that, the unsteady flows near the volute casing tongue were suppressed due to the splitter blades. In the present paper, the performance of the mini centrifugal pump is shown and the un- steady flow condition is clarified with the results of the numerical flow analysis. Furthermore, the effects of the splitter blades on the performance and the unsteady internal flow condition are investigated.

Performance Analysis of Mini Centrifugal Pump with Splitter Blades

Design method for a mini centrifugal pump is not established because the internal flow condition for these small-sized fluid machines is not clarified and conventional theory is not suitable for small-sized pumps. Then, a semi-open impeller for the mini centrifugal pump with 55mm impeller diameter is adopted in this research to take simplicity and maintenance into consideration. Splitter blades are adopted in this research to improve the performance and internal flow condition of mini centrifugal pump having large blade outlet angle. The performance tests are conducted with these rotors in order to investigate the effect of the splitter blades on the performance and internal flow condition of the mini centrifugal pump. A three dimensional steady numerical flow analysis is conducted to analyze rotor, volute efficiency and loss caused by a vortex. It is clarified from the experimental results that the performance of the mini centrifugal pump is improved by the effect of the splitter blades. Flow condition at outlet of the rotor becomes uniform and back flow regions are suppressed in the case with the splitter blades.Further, the volute efficiency increases and the vortex loss decreases. In the present paper, the performance of the mini centrifugal pump is shown and the flow condition is clarified with the results of the experiment and the numerical flow analysis. Furthermore, the performance analyses of the mini centrifugal pumps with and without the splitter blades are conducted.

Numerical and Experimental Study on Aerodynamic Performance of Small Axial Flow Fan with Splitter Blades

To improve the aerodynamic performance of small axial flow fan, in this paper the design of a small axial flow fan with splitter blades is studied. The RNG k-e turbulence model and SIMPLE algorithm were applied to the steady simulation calculation of the flow field, and its result was used as the initial field of the large eddy simulation to calculate the unsteady pressure field. The FW-H noise model was adopted to predict aerodynamic noise in the six monitoring points. Fast Fourier transform algorithm was applied to process the pressure signal. Experiment of noise testing was done to further investigate the aerodynamic noise of fans. And then the results obtained from the numerical simulation and experiment were described and analyzed. The results show that the static characteristics of small axial fan with splitter blades are similar with the prototype fan, and the static characteristics are improved within a certain range of flux. The power spectral density at the six monitoring points of small axial flow fan with splitter blades have decreased to some extent. The experimental results show sound pressure level of new fan has reduced in most frequency bands by comparing with prototype fan. The research results will provide a proof for parameter optimization and noise prediction of small axial flow fans with high performance.

Numerical Investigation of the Transient Flow and Frequency Characteristic in a Centrifugal Pump with Splitter Blades

To analyze the internal flow characteristics of each subchannel in a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump with splitter blades,the time histories and frequency spectra of pressure fluctuations and the distributions of the corresponding flow states in one impeller channel were investigated through the numerical analysis.Performance experiments and particle image velocimetry (PIV) tests were carried out to verify the results of the numerical calculations.The results suggested that the simulation analysis agreed well with the test results.The time histories and frequency spectra of pressure fluctuations depending on its location (close to or away from the volute tongue) present different changes.The predominant frequency of each monitor point equals to five or ten times shaft frequency.The jet-wake flow pattern at each subchannel separated by splitter blade in one impeller channel is not circumferentially uniform.For the channel away from volute tongue,the magnitude of turbulence kinetic energy in pressure side subchannel is well larger than that in suction side subchannel.With the increase in flow rate,the region close to the elbow of the volute outlet emerges a large-scale vortex.

分流叶片长度及周向偏移量对ORC向心透平性能的影响

利用分流叶片能有效改善叶片通道内的流动阻塞问题,降低流动损失。针对某带分流叶片的有机朗肯循环(ORC)向心透平,研究了不同分流叶片长度和周向偏移量对透平性能的影响,对不同叶片布置方案进行数值模拟,分析了内部流动状况、叶片载荷和损失分布。结果表明:分流叶片能有效削弱通道中的涡流,改善流动状况,使通道内部的压力分布合理;同时在一定程度上分担了主叶片的载荷。与分流叶片长度系数相比,周向偏移量对熵产率的影响较为明显;随着长度系数和周向偏移量的增加,高熵产率范围和总压损失系数均呈现先减后增的趋势,等熵效率的变化则相反,当l=0.5、d=0.5时等熵效率最大,为91.26%,而功率与叶片长度大体呈正相关;将长度系数和周向偏移量分别控制在0.5~0.6时,能保持较为理想的流动状况及叶片载荷分布,高熵产率范围较小,有利于透平性能的提升。

分流叶片对液力透平压力脉动的影响

为揭示分流叶片对低比转速液力透平性能的影响,以一台低比转速离心泵(n_(s)=33)反转作液力透平为例,设计出4种不同分流叶片数的叶轮(复合叶轮),通过CFX软件对原始叶轮和4种复合叶轮进行数值模拟并对比分析。结果表明,4种新模型在最优工况下效率和水头均有所提高,其中当分流叶片数Z=6+6时液力透平的性能最佳,在最优工况下效率、水头分别提高了2.23%、6.83%;叶轮内压力分布更加均匀;叶轮进口漩涡区域减弱;内部各个监测点压力系数、脉动幅值均小于原始模型,说明分流叶片可以降低液力透平内部的压力脉动、提升透平机组运行的稳定性。研究结果可为低比转速液力透平性能提升提供参考。

带分流叶片水泵水轮机甩负荷过渡过程中的压力脉动特征

为减轻水泵水轮机过渡过程中剧烈压力脉动对抽水蓄能电站安全产生的不利影响,需充分认识水泵水轮机的压力脉动特征。本文对某带分流叶片水泵水轮机甩负荷过渡过程中的实测压力脉动数据开展深入研究。首先从压力脉动的频域特性出发,提出了一种基于变分模态分解的时均压力和脉动压力提取方法。然后采用傅里叶变换和短时傅里叶变换分析水泵水轮机稳定运行和甩负荷过程中蜗壳进口、无叶区、顶盖和尾水锥管进口的脉动压力,揭示了带分流叶片水泵水轮机在稳定运行和甩负荷过渡过程中压力脉动的频率组成和时频变化特性的普遍规律。研究表明,带分流叶片水泵水轮机无叶区压力脉动的主频由叶片通过频率及其半次谐波共同主导,且叶片通过频率的半次谐波具有向上下游传播的特点。尾水锥管进口压力脉动频率主要由低频成分及叶片通过频率的半次谐波构成。甩负荷过渡过程中,无叶区叶片通过频率及其谐波的频率会随着时间的变化出现增大和减小现象,且变化规律与转轮转速的变化趋势一致。本文所提出的方法为压力脉动实测数据分析提供了一种新手段,为带分流叶片水泵水轮机压力脉动的特征研究提供了参考与借鉴,对结构异常振动溯源和保障机组安全运行具有重要意义。

不同水头下抽水蓄能电站标准化设想与分析

为满足抽水蓄能大规模快速发展的要求,解决抽水蓄能设备供应不足等系列问题,分析了我国抽水蓄能设备标准化的难点,从我国抽水蓄能电站运行设备的参数统计规律分析出发,提出了常规叶片与长短叶片相结合的方式,实现抽水蓄能水泵水轮机转轮尺寸标准化的构想。根据水力学基本公式,论述了不同水头下抽水蓄能电站水泵水轮机转速、转轮直径标准化的机理,分析了水泵水轮机转轮标准化的优缺点。在此基础上,提出了抽水蓄能电站机电设备、厂房等的标准化整体架构。研究结果对我国抽水蓄能的标准化工作具有重要意义。

分流叶片对多相混输泵叶轮做功性能的影响

为了提高螺旋叶片多相混输泵的做功性能,借鉴常规长短叶片离心泵的设计方法,设计了一种带有分流叶片的螺旋叶片式多相混输泵,通过采用数值计算加以试验验证的方法深入探究了设计有分流叶片后多相混输泵叶轮的做功性能。结果表明:随着进口含气量和流量的增加,原模型和分流叶片模型总功率和静功率均逐渐增加且各截面上的静功率占比远超动功率。功率分布的变化表明分流叶片会引起叶轮进口截面的静功率下降且低于原模型,出口截面的动功率增加且高于原模型,致使叶轮进口区域的做功能力被削弱,但不影响叶轮主要做功区间位置,而且还提升了叶轮总功率且该提升量主要受益于动功率的增加。研究结果对螺旋叶片式多相混输泵的结构改型和性能提升有十分重要的参考价值。

低比转速离心泵内部流场分析及试验

为了研究低比转速离心泵内部流动特性,对10种不同设计方案的低比转速离心泵进行了数值模拟和性能预测,讨论了叶轮和蜗壳的关键几何参数对内部流场和外特性的影响,分析了不同设计方案下泵内的静压、流线、速度和湍动能等分布,并针对复合式叶轮短叶片的分布位置和蜗壳喉部面积进行了对比试验。试验结果表明,该文优选的方案D,通过增加偏置短叶片后,扬程提高了5.5m,效率提高了3.23%;增大蜗壳内部和喉部面积后,5种设计方案的额定点扬程均提高了约10m,效率提高了约5%,且扩大了高效区范围。该研究将为低比转速离心泵的性能优化提供一定的科学依据。

不同叶轮形式下离心泵整机非定常流场的数值研究

针对无短叶片、有长短叶片和短短叶片三种叶轮的离心泵,采用非定常CFD方法数值分析了设计工况点的整机全三维流场,讨论了不同叶片形式对水泵扬程、进出口压力波动及叶片表面和中央回转面内参数分布的影响。其中,与无短叶片情况相比较,详细分析了短叶片的有无和短叶片尺寸对泵内流场的影响;并对一个压力波动周期内,由于叶片和蜗舌相对位置不同内部流场的变化给出了相应的分析结果。从动力学角度对降低水泵的振动和噪声提供了有益的分析结果。

分流叶片对离心泵流场和性能影响的数值预报

针对低比速离心泵IS50-32-160模型,给出不同叶片数下、不同分流叶片长度的设计方案,采用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法,对多方案的全流场进行分析。对非设计流量工况计算采用了稳态N-S方程求解,对于叶轮和蜗壳、前后腔体的交界面采用滑移网格技术进行处理。通过叶轮叶片上扭矩分析,并结合以往试验和计算经验,给出适用于低比速离心泵分流叶片长度的设计公式;流场计算结果显示:分流叶片有利于叶轮出口和蜗壳入口的压力、速度分布均匀性,能有效提高叶轮出口压力,减小压力脉动;通过不同工况的计算模拟,预测各个设计方案离心泵的性能,结果表明:含分流叶片离心泵的效率向偏大流量处偏移,扬程提高较多,且功率曲线更加陡峭。最后总结了不同叶片数对水泵性能的影响,给出不同设计要求时叶片数取值参考。

长短叶片对液力透平性能的影响

为了研究长短叶片对液力透平性能的影响,制作了液力透平样机,搭建了开式液力透平实验台,对有、无长短叶片的叶轮分别进行了数值和实验研究。研究结果表明,长短叶片的增加可以提高液力透平的效率,增加最高效率点的流量,降低液力透平的扬程。内部流场分析表明,长短叶片的增加,可以改善叶轮内部流场分布,减小叶轮内部漩涡的区域和强度,改善液力透平内部流动规律。对液力透平内部功率损失分布分析表明,液力透平内部的功率损失主要集中在叶轮内部,长短叶片的增加,改善了叶轮内部流动,减小了叶轮内部的功率损失。叶片数的增加加剧了叶轮和蜗壳之间的相互作用,因此蜗壳内部的功率损失有所增加。

分流叶片对离心泵内部非定常流动特性的影响

采用Ansys-CFX软件对5个具有不同分流叶片进口直径、不同分流叶片周向偏置度的叶轮方案进行全流场非定常数值模拟,分析了有、无分流叶片以及不同分流叶片设计对叶轮进口、蜗壳出口及叶轮-蜗壳交界面处压力脉动特性的影响规律.结果表明:分流叶片有利于降低叶轮进口压力且提高蜗壳出口压力,从而提高泵的扬程,带分流叶片设计方案的扬程比没有分流叶片设计方案提高2%～12%,但不同分流叶片设计方案的扬程绝对值差异不大;分流叶片有利于减小叶轮进、出口处的压力脉动;有利于减小叶轮-蜗壳交界面处的压力脉动,从而改善叶轮出口的'射流-尾流'结构;不同分流叶片设计对扬程的影响趋势接近,但对非定常流动特性的影响不同,当分流叶片进口直径为106 mm且向长叶片背面偏置5°时,扬程最高,压力脉动最小;带偏置分流叶片设计方案的扬程略高于带不偏置分流叶片设计方案.

分流叶片对离心泵空化性能影响的数值分析

为了研究分流叶片对离心泵空化性能的影响规律,以模型泵IS50-32-160为研究对象,设计了1种不带分流叶片与3种带分流叶片不同短叶片进口直径的叶轮,利用CFD对此离心泵的全流道进行了数值模拟,并对分流叶片离心泵在不同空化余量时泵的空化性能和叶轮内部流场分布进行分析研究.分析结果表明:添置分流叶片后,泵的扬程和效率均显著提高,但短叶片的长短对扬程和效率的影响不大;添置分流叶片后,泵的抗空化性能均有提高,且当离心泵短叶片进口直径为0.725D2时,离心泵的抗空化性能相对较好,必需空化余量比其他2个带分流叶片方案减小了0.5 m;空化发生以后,叶轮出口射流速度会增加损失,同时叶轮内部速度的减小又会减少叶轮产生的动能,因而扬程会发生突降;带分流叶片的方案气泡分布情况比无分流叶片方案均有一定的改善,添置分流叶片后,气泡发展较为缓慢.