Bioethics in the Training and Management of Sport

The aim of this paper is to examine the opportunities and problems presented by the increasing availability of technologies which is capable of enhancing sporting performance and identifying the risks in sports for creating educational and sports management practices to lead with justice, honesty, and beneficence. A questionnaire is developed to ascertain the social determinants and risks of health aspects of sports in a sample of professionals and amateurs. Descriptive and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. The study identifies health risks connected with the intensive loading of locomotors system, poor working conditions which cause working trauma and diseases as well as low level of health culture regarding the effects of performance-enhancing drugs including anabolic steroids, stimulants, human growth hormone, and supplements. There are arguments that the quality of sport education will be achieved by addressing the study of sports ethics coupled with a study of management and law.

Sports Management Education in Turkish Universities, Analysis of Undergraduate Programs

The aim of the study is to examine the undergraduate program courses of the universities providing training in Sports Management in Turkey. In this study, electronic screening method was used via web sites of universities. 80 Sports Management Departments （SMD） were found and only 20 of them which were up to date were analyzed. 2016-2017 academic year curriculums were examined. All universities examined were state universities. The courses were grouped as Compulsory-Elective, Theoretical-Practical and Total number of course-hour and credit. The percentages of the courses were calculated over the total course hours for that group.

The Dilemma and Path of China's Sports Management System in the New Era

Strong in sports is strong in China,and the prosperity of sports is the prosperity of country.Sports embody the dream of national strength and revitalization,which is not only the true meaning of national strength,but also an important component of people's healthy and happy lives.Since the 18th Party Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered a number of important speeches on sports reform and development,as well as a series of important instructions and comments.China's sports management framework is essentially complete,the sports management mechanism has been improved,and the legalization has been developed.Despite China’s success in sports governance,there are still issues that need to be addressed,such as the conflict between administration and sports management,the imperfection of the relevant sports legislation system,the lack of methods for utilizing modern technology,and unified approach to sports development.This paper will examine the evolution of sports governance in China,analyze its problems.Finally,in response to the existing problems,investigate some viable options for promoting the development of sports in China.

Analysis of Participation and Performance in Half Marathon Runners

Endurance running became a mass phenomenon throughout the 1980s around the world. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the participation and performance trends of runners in a half marathon. We analyzed a database containing the number of people who signed up and finished as well as age group, gender, placement, and runtime for all runners from a half marathon between 2003 and 2009. More than 35,000 runners participated in the half marathon, with an 80% increase in total participation during the 7 years analyzed. We verified that the annual participation increased, with a greater increase seen in female and middle-aged people of both genders, and runtimes of last finishers increased gradually in most of the age groups and both genders. However, while the number of people who signed up increased, there was a decrease in the number of participants who finished resulting in a negative correlation. This finding in association with the decrease in the percentage of finishers shows that each year the fitness deteriorated in both genders and across all ages.

An Ultrahigh‑Strength Braided Smart Yarn for Wearable Individual Sensing and Protection

The insufficient comprehensive mechanical properties and inadequate flexibility of wearable sensors limit their bodyprotection capability,durability,and comfort.There are challenges in using flexible wearable devices for high-performance practical applications,especially on large scales.Here,an ultrahigh-strength ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene braided smart yarn(UBSY)has been designed and mass produced.It is based on triboelectric nanogenerators and prepared by combining commercial ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene yarn and conductive yarn with a cored biaxial braided structure.Structural parameters,including the ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene yarn diameter,twist,and braiding pitch,are optimized to balance the mechanical properties and electrical outputs.The prepared UBSYs are characterized based on a range of reliable properties,including ultrahigh tensile strength(194.83 N),excellent abrasive resistance(up to 306 abrasive cycles),great hydrophobicity(water contact angle of 115.49°),acid and alkali splash resistance,and decent triboelectric outputs(1.5 V,3.0 nA,and 0.5 nC).An intelligent weft-knitted textile wearable sensor is fabricated with UBSY using a matured flat-knitting technique,which provides excellent mechanical strength,physical protection and comfort.Furthermore,a pair of smart elbow guards have been demonstrated to highlight UBSY-based wearable sensors’potential in outdoor sports management.In addition,equipped with a satisfactory body protective capacity against various risks and matured preparation technologies,the UBSY-based wearable sensor provides a practical solution for large-scale applications of high-performance motion sensing in complex environments.