Equality, Participation and Sharing: 70 Years of Protecting the Rights and Interests of Persons with Disabilities in the PRC

July 2019 Contents Preamble I.Development of the Cause of Persons with Disabilities II.Mechanisms for the Protection of Rights and Interests of Persons with Disabilities III.Health and Rehabilitation IV.Special Education and Inclusive Education V.Employment and Entrepreneurship VI.Basic Life and Social Security VII.Creating an Accessible Environment and Enabling Mobility.

On the Legal Protection of Sports Rights of Persons with Disabilities in China

Although China has formed a legal system for the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities and a sports legal system,it cannot be concluded that the legal protection system of sports rights of persons with disabilities has been established.The basis of the legal protection of sports rights of persons with disabilities in China originates from a“bundle of basic rights”defined by the Constitution.The legal protection is characterized by diversified standards and norms,high levels of effectiveness and various contents of legislation.Compared with the right to rehabilitation,the right to employment,and the right to education,the legal protection of sports rights of persons with disabilities still faces the problems of unclear distribution of administrative supply responsibility and lack of corresponding judicial relief in the protection model of public-private partnership.To better realize the rights and interests of persons with disabilities and ensure the goal of“equality,participation,and sharing,”it is necessary to promote the equalization and diversification of legal protection for sports rights of persons with disabilities,so as to realize equal rights,all-round development,and social integration.For the purpose of improving the legal protection of sports rights of persons with disabilities,the principle of subsidiarity should be introduced into the protection model of public-private partnership,and administrative public interest litigation should be taken as a new channel to protect rights,to realize the coordinated development of mass sports,competitive sports,and the sports industry of persons with disabilities.

Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Under the Framework of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is a manifesto for the rights of the disabled. It establishes the values and concepts, the guidelines for action, and the system of rules for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities worldwide. As one of the main drafting countries and the first signatories of the Convention, China has been actively implementing the principles of the Convention and faithfully fulfilling the responsibilities of a signatory party, and has made great achievements in building up its legal system, policy and culture. However, compared with the goals of the Convention, there still exist some gaps in rights awareness, social environment and related systems. Guided by the spirit of the Convention, and taking into account China’s national conditions, the country will continue to cultivate its human rights culture, upgrade its capability to provide public services for people with disabilities, improve the construction of barrier-free environments, guarantee the full realization of the survival, development and participation rights of the disabled, and establish a new mode of protecting the human rights of persons with disabilities in China.

无障碍视角下残障人体育参与权保护研究——以空间正义理论为基础

残障人体育参与权的充分实现,关键在于确保体育空间的无障碍化。在无障碍视角下,以整体主义的系统性制度观塑造多维的空间正义,是健全残障人体育参与权保护体系的重要路径。具体而言,纠正体育空间障碍造成的不正义现象,需要深化检察公益诉讼工作,并适时为社会组织参与公益诉讼创造制度条件;在信息无障碍方面,需要明确科技企业在道德、法律和合约方面的主体责任,推动体育信息服务和数字体育资源的公平分配;在无障碍社会服务方面,通过无障碍法律规范和体育赛事规则、技术标准和行业服务指南等社会规范的协同,有机整合不同的制度资源促进体育空间无障碍社会服务体系的良性发展。

体育科教进步:残疾人运动竞技和运动参与的知识服务体系

运用文献综述、归纳演绎等研究方法,从体育科技进步与残疾人运动竞技、体育教育进步与残疾人运动参与两个方面,归纳出体育科技和教育进步在服务残疾人运动竞技和运动参与中的知识支持功能,并进一步形成对融合体育科技和教育的载体组织———高等体育院校的社会服务功能更加深入、系统的认识。

人权保障模式下无障碍通行权利法律保护研究

无障碍通行权利是身心障碍者的基本权利和实现其其他权利的前提性权利。《"残疾人"权利公约》的人权保障模式为我国身心障碍者无障碍通行权利的法律保护提供了基本框架和指导。必须从改变"残疾人"为"身心障碍者"的观念革新做起,通过政府主导、身心障碍者参与以及权利救济的立法完善等途径实现无障碍通行权利的法律保护。

《美国残疾人法案》(ADA)对残疾青少年体育参与的影响

美国残疾人保障法是为了维护残疾人的合法权益,发展残疾人事业,保障残疾人平等地充分参与社会生活而制定的法规。以《美国残疾人法案》为研究对象,运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,通过对法案的立法过程、条款内容、保护客体、实施特点进行了阐述,并在此基础上,对该法案如何保障残疾青少年参与体育项目的选拔、参与以及比赛进行了深入地解读。研究认为,《美国残疾人法案》为消除社会对残疾人的歧视提供了法律保障;法案实施具有"易操作性",使得美国残疾人青少年参与体育避免了"不必要负担"。

我国残疾人体育权利保障路径研究

为了促进我国残疾人体育事业的发展,保障残疾人体育权利,采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法对我国残疾人体育权利保障进行了研究,为残疾人实现体育权利提供了理论依据。结果表明:残疾人体育权利保障对推进健康中国建设、提高残疾人生理和心理健康、推动残疾人体育事业发展具有重要意义;残疾人体育权利保障现状表现为:残疾人体育权利保障相关法律法规政策不健全、残疾人体育基本公共服务供给不足、残疾人生理和心理的缺陷,以及民众对残疾人参与体育运动存在偏见;并提出了残疾人体育权利的实现路径:完善残疾人体育权利相关的法律法规政策、增加残疾人体育基本公共服务供给、加强残疾人体育权利宣传力度,彰显人文关怀和纠正错误体育观念,促进残疾人体育事业发展。

残疾人体育权利法理分析与法律保障研究

残疾人体育权利是一项基本人权;法律是对人权保障最集中的体现。主要采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和比较法,对残疾人、残疾人体育权利的概念进行界定;基于法哲学原理,对残疾人体育权利的人权属性做出分析;依据残疾人体育权利的法律渊源,探究我国残疾人体育权利法律保障。研究认为:残疾人体育权利具有应有人权、法定人权和实有人权3种形态。残疾人体育实有权利的实现,需要建立健全残疾人体育法律体系。为此,提出了完善残疾人体育权利法律保障的建议:树立权利本位的法理念;规制残疾人体育侵权行为;改进残疾人体育权利保障模式;设定例外和豁免条款;加强配套法规建设,以期进一步改善残疾人体育权利保障现状,推动中国残疾人体育事业健康、持续发展。

论我国残疾人体育权利的法律保障

我国已经初步形成残疾人权益保障法律体系和体育法律体系,但不能当然得出我国残疾人体育权利法律保障体系业已确立的论断。我国残疾人体育权利法律保障的基础源于宪法学科所界定的“基本权利束”,法律保障规范呈现出规范类型多元化、效力层级完善化、立法内容多样化的特征。相比康复权、就业权和教育权,残疾人体育权利法律保障尚存在公私合作保障模式中行政给付责任分配不清和缺乏相应司法救济的问题。为更好实现残疾人权益,保障“平等、参与、共享”的目标,需要推进残疾人体育权利法律保障的均等化和多元化,实现残疾人平等权利、全面发展、融入社会。残疾人体育权利法律保障的完善应在公私合作保障模式中引入辅助性原则,以行政公益诉讼为权利保障新渠道,实现残疾人群众体育、竞技体育与体育产业的协调发展。