Xinjiang Region of China is one of the most typical and representative arid areas worldwide,along with severe soil salinization issue.Planting spring wheat and sequential cropping silage corn in Northern Xinjiang usin...Xinjiang Region of China is one of the most typical and representative arid areas worldwide,along with severe soil salinization issue.Planting spring wheat and sequential cropping silage corn in Northern Xinjiang using drip irrigation has become an effective way to relieve soil salinity stress,which improves the simple agricultural structure in the past and ensures food security in this area.However,neither the effects of different soil salinities on the growth and yield of spring wheat and silage corn,nor their desalination effect correspondingly was clear until now.Therefore,a pot experiment was conducted at Shihezi,Xinjiang from March to June 2015.The study aimed to establish the quantitative correlations between the parameters mentioned above and came up with the appropriate soil salinity threshold in Northern Xinjiang area.The results confirmed that the soils in all treatments were desalinated after the whole growth period,and the decreasing rates varied within 18.89%-44.08%and 11.06%-30.83%for two plants,which showed linear and quadratic correlations with initial soil salinity,respectively(R^(2)>0.92^(**),p<0.05).Meanwhile,higher soil salinity would inhibit crop growth and yield,and the initial soil salinity also represented the negative quadratic correlations with growth parameters(R^(2)>0.92^(**),p<0.01).The inhibition effect was enhanced with larger initial soil salinity.After the comprehensive consideration of soil salinity variation,crop growth and yield,the initial soil salinity was recommended under 8.91 g/kg and 5.54 g/kg to plant spring wheat and sequential cropping silage corn in Northern Xinjiang using drip irrigation.展开更多
在北疆气候条件下,为明确不同氮肥施用量对滴灌春小麦叶片光合特性与同化物累积的调控效应,以强筋小麦新春37号(XC37)、中筋小麦新春6号(XC6)为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,在CK1(300 kg hm^(-2))、A1(255 kg hm^(-2))、B1(210 kg hm^(-...在北疆气候条件下,为明确不同氮肥施用量对滴灌春小麦叶片光合特性与同化物累积的调控效应,以强筋小麦新春37号(XC37)、中筋小麦新春6号(XC6)为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,在CK1(300 kg hm^(-2))、A1(255 kg hm^(-2))、B1(210 kg hm^(-2))、CK2(0 kg hm^(-2))施氮水平下,研究施氮量对小麦叶片光合关键酶活性、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、干物质累积分配、产量及氮肥利用率(NUE)的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,光合关键酶活性、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、地上部干物质累积(SDM)、穗重(SPDM)及产量均呈先升后降的趋势。其中以A1处理表现出高的RuBPC酶活性、PEPC酶活性、净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))、SDM、SPDM、产量和NUE,比其余处理高出10.51%~30.45%,7.05%~64.95%,7.49%~26.66%,11.61%~63.44%,5.72%~49.85%,1.68%~28.55%,5.00%~46.01%,18.95%~96.45%,22.95%~177.44%,4.15%~46.88%,6.30%~25.42%,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)相比其余处理降低了11.73%~20.95%。相关分析表明,产量、干物质累积、NUE和P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r)、ФPSII呈极显著正相关关系,与Ci呈极显著负相关。施氮量和品种互作对RuBPC酶活性在扬花期、PEPC酶活性在扬花至乳熟期、F_(v)/F_(m)和Φ_(PSII)在拔节期和扬花期的互作效应达到显著水平。因此,新疆滴灌模式下,适量减氮(255 kg hm^(-2))能改善小麦光合性能,在增加干物质累积的基础上,促进光合产物向穗部的分配运输,有利于产量的形成。展开更多
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(51169022)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2015BAD20B03)the High-level Scientific Research of Shihezi University(RCZX201433).
文摘Xinjiang Region of China is one of the most typical and representative arid areas worldwide,along with severe soil salinization issue.Planting spring wheat and sequential cropping silage corn in Northern Xinjiang using drip irrigation has become an effective way to relieve soil salinity stress,which improves the simple agricultural structure in the past and ensures food security in this area.However,neither the effects of different soil salinities on the growth and yield of spring wheat and silage corn,nor their desalination effect correspondingly was clear until now.Therefore,a pot experiment was conducted at Shihezi,Xinjiang from March to June 2015.The study aimed to establish the quantitative correlations between the parameters mentioned above and came up with the appropriate soil salinity threshold in Northern Xinjiang area.The results confirmed that the soils in all treatments were desalinated after the whole growth period,and the decreasing rates varied within 18.89%-44.08%and 11.06%-30.83%for two plants,which showed linear and quadratic correlations with initial soil salinity,respectively(R^(2)>0.92^(**),p<0.05).Meanwhile,higher soil salinity would inhibit crop growth and yield,and the initial soil salinity also represented the negative quadratic correlations with growth parameters(R^(2)>0.92^(**),p<0.01).The inhibition effect was enhanced with larger initial soil salinity.After the comprehensive consideration of soil salinity variation,crop growth and yield,the initial soil salinity was recommended under 8.91 g/kg and 5.54 g/kg to plant spring wheat and sequential cropping silage corn in Northern Xinjiang using drip irrigation.
文摘在北疆气候条件下,为明确不同氮肥施用量对滴灌春小麦叶片光合特性与同化物累积的调控效应,以强筋小麦新春37号(XC37)、中筋小麦新春6号(XC6)为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,在CK1(300 kg hm^(-2))、A1(255 kg hm^(-2))、B1(210 kg hm^(-2))、CK2(0 kg hm^(-2))施氮水平下,研究施氮量对小麦叶片光合关键酶活性、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、干物质累积分配、产量及氮肥利用率(NUE)的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,光合关键酶活性、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、地上部干物质累积(SDM)、穗重(SPDM)及产量均呈先升后降的趋势。其中以A1处理表现出高的RuBPC酶活性、PEPC酶活性、净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))、SDM、SPDM、产量和NUE,比其余处理高出10.51%~30.45%,7.05%~64.95%,7.49%~26.66%,11.61%~63.44%,5.72%~49.85%,1.68%~28.55%,5.00%~46.01%,18.95%~96.45%,22.95%~177.44%,4.15%~46.88%,6.30%~25.42%,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)相比其余处理降低了11.73%~20.95%。相关分析表明,产量、干物质累积、NUE和P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r)、ФPSII呈极显著正相关关系,与Ci呈极显著负相关。施氮量和品种互作对RuBPC酶活性在扬花期、PEPC酶活性在扬花至乳熟期、F_(v)/F_(m)和Φ_(PSII)在拔节期和扬花期的互作效应达到显著水平。因此,新疆滴灌模式下,适量减氮(255 kg hm^(-2))能改善小麦光合性能,在增加干物质累积的基础上,促进光合产物向穗部的分配运输,有利于产量的形成。
