Weighted total least squares(WTLS)have been regarded as the standard tool for the errors-in-variables(EIV)model in which all the elements in the observation vector and the coefficient matrix are contaminated with rand...Weighted total least squares(WTLS)have been regarded as the standard tool for the errors-in-variables(EIV)model in which all the elements in the observation vector and the coefficient matrix are contaminated with random errors.However,in many geodetic applications,some elements are error-free and some random observations appear repeatedly in different positions in the augmented coefficient matrix.It is called the linear structured EIV(LSEIV)model.Two kinds of methods are proposed for the LSEIV model from functional and stochastic modifications.On the one hand,the functional part of the LSEIV model is modified into the errors-in-observations(EIO)model.On the other hand,the stochastic model is modified by applying the Moore-Penrose inverse of the cofactor matrix.The algorithms are derived through the Lagrange multipliers method and linear approximation.The estimation principles and iterative formula of the parameters are proven to be consistent.The first-order approximate variance-covariance matrix(VCM)of the parameters is also derived.A numerical example is given to compare the performances of our proposed three algorithms with the STLS approach.Afterwards,the least squares(LS),total least squares(TLS)and linear structured weighted total least squares(LSWTLS)solutions are compared and the accuracy evaluation formula is proven to be feasible and effective.Finally,the LSWTLS is applied to the field of deformation analysis,which yields a better result than the traditional LS and TLS estimations.展开更多
One-class classification problem has become a popular problem in many fields, with a wide range of applications in anomaly detection, fault diagnosis, and face recognition. We investigate the one-class classification ...One-class classification problem has become a popular problem in many fields, with a wide range of applications in anomaly detection, fault diagnosis, and face recognition. We investigate the one-class classification problem for second-order tensor data. Traditional vector-based one-class classification methods such as one-class support vector machine (OCSVM) and least squares one-class support vector machine (LSOCSVM) have limitations when tensor is used as input data, so we propose a new tensor one-class classification method, LSOCSTM, which directly uses tensor as input data. On one hand, using tensor as input data not only enables to classify tensor data, but also for vector data, classifying it after high dimensionalizing it into tensor still improves the classification accuracy and overcomes the over-fitting problem. On the other hand, different from one-class support tensor machine (OCSTM), we use squared loss instead of the original loss function so that we solve a series of linear equations instead of quadratic programming problems. Therefore, we use the distance to the hyperplane as a metric for classification, and the proposed method is more accurate and faster compared to existing methods. The experimental results show the high efficiency of the proposed method compared with several state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
In response to the complex characteristics of actual low-permeability tight reservoirs,this study develops a meshless-based numerical simulation method for oil-water two-phase flow in these reservoirs,considering comp...In response to the complex characteristics of actual low-permeability tight reservoirs,this study develops a meshless-based numerical simulation method for oil-water two-phase flow in these reservoirs,considering complex boundary shapes.Utilizing radial basis function point interpolation,the method approximates shape functions for unknown functions within the nodal influence domain.The shape functions constructed by the aforementioned meshless interpolation method haveδ-function properties,which facilitate the handling of essential aspects like the controlled bottom-hole flow pressure in horizontal wells.Moreover,the meshless method offers greater flexibility and freedom compared to grid cell discretization,making it simpler to discretize complex geometries.A variational principle for the flow control equation group is introduced using a weighted least squares meshless method,and the pressure distribution is solved implicitly.Example results demonstrate that the computational outcomes of the meshless point cloud model,which has a relatively small degree of freedom,are in close agreement with those of the Discrete Fracture Model(DFM)employing refined grid partitioning,with pressure calculation accuracy exceeding 98.2%.Compared to high-resolution grid-based computational methods,the meshless method can achieve a better balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.Additionally,the impact of fracture half-length on the productivity of horizontal wells is discussed.The results indicate that increasing the fracture half-length is an effective strategy for enhancing production from the perspective of cumulative oil production.展开更多
This article explores the comparison between the probability method and the least squares method in the design of linear predictive models. It points out that these two approaches have distinct theoretical foundations...This article explores the comparison between the probability method and the least squares method in the design of linear predictive models. It points out that these two approaches have distinct theoretical foundations and can lead to varied or similar results in terms of precision and performance under certain assumptions. The article underlines the importance of comparing these two approaches to choose the one best suited to the context, available data and modeling objectives.展开更多
Regressive formulae to calculate the quantity of plant leaf area for 13 species of ornamental plants were set up based on investigation data of 30 species on 3 major public squares (Dongfeng square, Shengli square and...Regressive formulae to calculate the quantity of plant leaf area for 13 species of ornamental plants were set up based on investigation data of 30 species on 3 major public squares (Dongfeng square, Shengli square and Guandu square) in Kun-ming City, China, which were applied to calculate quantities of plant leaf area of these 13 species. The quantities of plant leaf area for the other 17 ornamental plant species on these squares were directly measured, and the total quantity of plant leaf area of each studied square was obtained individually. The results showed that the quantity of plant leaf area on Shengli square with ornamental plants structure composed of arbor tree species, shrub tree species and turf grass was highest among the three squares. It is believed that the design model of multi-storied vertical structure and proper tending of plant community could not only increase the quantity of plant leaf area, but also play an important role in generating ecological and landscaping benefits. Some corresponding suggestions were put forward on the basis of comprehensive analyses on the plant leaf area quantity of the three representative squares in Kunming urban area.展开更多
Modern urban square landscapes have been evolved to be with more regional and cultural features, yet the phenomenon of duplication is serious in urban square landscapes in China. In this study, the connotation of indi...Modern urban square landscapes have been evolved to be with more regional and cultural features, yet the phenomenon of duplication is serious in urban square landscapes in China. In this study, the connotation of indigenous landscape is analyzed from the perspectives of local culture, integration of Chinese and western cultures, folk cultures and modern marketing, the causes of duplicated urban square landscapes are thoroughly elaborated. In view of the deficiencies of modern urban square landscapes, it is proposed that local plants, local ornamental materials and patterns should be fully applied in square designs, and the expression of detail landscapes should be attached sufficient importance, to completely demonstrate regional features of landscapes and better apply indigenous landscapes into the design of modern urban squares.展开更多
A simple and effective mechanism is proposed to realize the parsimoniousness of the online least squares support vector regression （LS-SVR）, and the approach is called the OPLS-SVR for short. Hence, the response tim...A simple and effective mechanism is proposed to realize the parsimoniousness of the online least squares support vector regression （LS-SVR）, and the approach is called the OPLS-SVR for short. Hence, the response time is curtailed. Besides, an OPLS-SVR based analytical redundancy technique is presented to cope with the sensor failure and drift problems to guarantee that the provided signals for the aeroengine controller are correct and acceptable. Experiments on the sensor failure and drift show the effectiveness and the validity of the proposed analytical redundancy.展开更多
Urban squares are significant nodes of urban spaces, which should be able to improve urban ecological environment and provide residents with outdoor activity spaces. The authors studied some excellent square designs i...Urban squares are significant nodes of urban spaces, which should be able to improve urban ecological environment and provide residents with outdoor activity spaces. The authors studied some excellent square designs in Inner Mongolia, China and even overseas countries, summarized the standards of "best urban squares" in vision, culture, craft, human-concerned design, science and technology, and then applied such standards in the landscape design of Central Plaza in Zhungeer Banner. Through analyzing surrounding environment and constructions, design schemes with regional and cultural features were created to provide references for designing better green square landscapes which can demonstrate local cultural context and regional cultures, are moderate in size, diversified in spatial form and closely integrated with the social life of citizens.展开更多
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42074016,42104025,42274057and 41704007)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2021JJ30244)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Grant No.22B0496)。
文摘Weighted total least squares(WTLS)have been regarded as the standard tool for the errors-in-variables(EIV)model in which all the elements in the observation vector and the coefficient matrix are contaminated with random errors.However,in many geodetic applications,some elements are error-free and some random observations appear repeatedly in different positions in the augmented coefficient matrix.It is called the linear structured EIV(LSEIV)model.Two kinds of methods are proposed for the LSEIV model from functional and stochastic modifications.On the one hand,the functional part of the LSEIV model is modified into the errors-in-observations(EIO)model.On the other hand,the stochastic model is modified by applying the Moore-Penrose inverse of the cofactor matrix.The algorithms are derived through the Lagrange multipliers method and linear approximation.The estimation principles and iterative formula of the parameters are proven to be consistent.The first-order approximate variance-covariance matrix(VCM)of the parameters is also derived.A numerical example is given to compare the performances of our proposed three algorithms with the STLS approach.Afterwards,the least squares(LS),total least squares(TLS)and linear structured weighted total least squares(LSWTLS)solutions are compared and the accuracy evaluation formula is proven to be feasible and effective.Finally,the LSWTLS is applied to the field of deformation analysis,which yields a better result than the traditional LS and TLS estimations.
文摘One-class classification problem has become a popular problem in many fields, with a wide range of applications in anomaly detection, fault diagnosis, and face recognition. We investigate the one-class classification problem for second-order tensor data. Traditional vector-based one-class classification methods such as one-class support vector machine (OCSVM) and least squares one-class support vector machine (LSOCSVM) have limitations when tensor is used as input data, so we propose a new tensor one-class classification method, LSOCSTM, which directly uses tensor as input data. On one hand, using tensor as input data not only enables to classify tensor data, but also for vector data, classifying it after high dimensionalizing it into tensor still improves the classification accuracy and overcomes the over-fitting problem. On the other hand, different from one-class support tensor machine (OCSTM), we use squared loss instead of the original loss function so that we solve a series of linear equations instead of quadratic programming problems. Therefore, we use the distance to the hyperplane as a metric for classification, and the proposed method is more accurate and faster compared to existing methods. The experimental results show the high efficiency of the proposed method compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
文摘In response to the complex characteristics of actual low-permeability tight reservoirs,this study develops a meshless-based numerical simulation method for oil-water two-phase flow in these reservoirs,considering complex boundary shapes.Utilizing radial basis function point interpolation,the method approximates shape functions for unknown functions within the nodal influence domain.The shape functions constructed by the aforementioned meshless interpolation method haveδ-function properties,which facilitate the handling of essential aspects like the controlled bottom-hole flow pressure in horizontal wells.Moreover,the meshless method offers greater flexibility and freedom compared to grid cell discretization,making it simpler to discretize complex geometries.A variational principle for the flow control equation group is introduced using a weighted least squares meshless method,and the pressure distribution is solved implicitly.Example results demonstrate that the computational outcomes of the meshless point cloud model,which has a relatively small degree of freedom,are in close agreement with those of the Discrete Fracture Model(DFM)employing refined grid partitioning,with pressure calculation accuracy exceeding 98.2%.Compared to high-resolution grid-based computational methods,the meshless method can achieve a better balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.Additionally,the impact of fracture half-length on the productivity of horizontal wells is discussed.The results indicate that increasing the fracture half-length is an effective strategy for enhancing production from the perspective of cumulative oil production.
文摘This article explores the comparison between the probability method and the least squares method in the design of linear predictive models. It points out that these two approaches have distinct theoretical foundations and can lead to varied or similar results in terms of precision and performance under certain assumptions. The article underlines the importance of comparing these two approaches to choose the one best suited to the context, available data and modeling objectives.
基金This research was sponsored by Educational Department of Yunnan Province (No. 03Z583B).
文摘Regressive formulae to calculate the quantity of plant leaf area for 13 species of ornamental plants were set up based on investigation data of 30 species on 3 major public squares (Dongfeng square, Shengli square and Guandu square) in Kun-ming City, China, which were applied to calculate quantities of plant leaf area of these 13 species. The quantities of plant leaf area for the other 17 ornamental plant species on these squares were directly measured, and the total quantity of plant leaf area of each studied square was obtained individually. The results showed that the quantity of plant leaf area on Shengli square with ornamental plants structure composed of arbor tree species, shrub tree species and turf grass was highest among the three squares. It is believed that the design model of multi-storied vertical structure and proper tending of plant community could not only increase the quantity of plant leaf area, but also play an important role in generating ecological and landscaping benefits. Some corresponding suggestions were put forward on the basis of comprehensive analyses on the plant leaf area quantity of the three representative squares in Kunming urban area.
文摘Modern urban square landscapes have been evolved to be with more regional and cultural features, yet the phenomenon of duplication is serious in urban square landscapes in China. In this study, the connotation of indigenous landscape is analyzed from the perspectives of local culture, integration of Chinese and western cultures, folk cultures and modern marketing, the causes of duplicated urban square landscapes are thoroughly elaborated. In view of the deficiencies of modern urban square landscapes, it is proposed that local plants, local ornamental materials and patterns should be fully applied in square designs, and the expression of detail landscapes should be attached sufficient importance, to completely demonstrate regional features of landscapes and better apply indigenous landscapes into the design of modern urban squares.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50576033)the Aeronautical ScienceFoundation of China(04C52019)~~
文摘A simple and effective mechanism is proposed to realize the parsimoniousness of the online least squares support vector regression （LS-SVR）, and the approach is called the OPLS-SVR for short. Hence, the response time is curtailed. Besides, an OPLS-SVR based analytical redundancy technique is presented to cope with the sensor failure and drift problems to guarantee that the provided signals for the aeroengine controller are correct and acceptable. Experiments on the sensor failure and drift show the effectiveness and the validity of the proposed analytical redundancy.
基金Supported by Tianjin Municipal Artistic and Scientific Planning Foundation (C08054)~~
文摘Urban squares are significant nodes of urban spaces, which should be able to improve urban ecological environment and provide residents with outdoor activity spaces. The authors studied some excellent square designs in Inner Mongolia, China and even overseas countries, summarized the standards of "best urban squares" in vision, culture, craft, human-concerned design, science and technology, and then applied such standards in the landscape design of Central Plaza in Zhungeer Banner. Through analyzing surrounding environment and constructions, design schemes with regional and cultural features were created to provide references for designing better green square landscapes which can demonstrate local cultural context and regional cultures, are moderate in size, diversified in spatial form and closely integrated with the social life of citizens.
