Genesis of the Nuri Cu-W-Mo Deposit,Tibet,China:Constraints from in situ Trace Elements and Sr Isotopic Analysis of Scheelite

The Nuri deposit is the only Cu-W-Mo polymetallic deposit with large-scale WO3 resources in the eastern section of the Gangdese metallogenic belt,Tibet,China.However,the genetic type of this deposit has been controversial since its discovery.Based on a study of the geological characteristics of the deposit,this study presents mineralization stages,focusing on the oxide stage and the quartz-sulfide stage where scheelite is mainly formed,referred to as Sch-A and Sch-B,respectively.Through LA-ICP-MS trace element and Sr isotope analyses,the origin,evolutionary process of the oreforming fluid and genesis of the ore deposit are investigated.Scanning Electron Microscope-Cathodoluminescence(SEMCL)observations reveal that Sch-A consists of three generations,with dark gray homogenous Sch-A1 being replaced by relatively lighter and homogeneous Sch-A2 and Sch-A3,with Sch-A2 displaying a gray CL image color with vague and uneven growth bands and Sch-A3 has a light gray CL image color with hardly any growth band.In contrast,Sch-B exhibits a‘core-rim’structure,with the core part(Sch-B1)being dark gray and displaying a uniform growth band,while the rim part(Sch-B2)is light gray and homogeneous.The normalized distribution pattern of rare earth elements in scheelite and Sr isotope data suggest that the early ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from granodiorite porphyry and,later on,some country rock material was mixed in,due to strong water-rock interaction.Combining the O-H isotope data further indicates that the ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from magmatic-hydrothermal sources,with contributions from metamorphic water caused by water-rock interaction during the mineralization process,as well as later meteoric water.The intense water-rock interaction likely played a crucial role in the precipitation of scheelite,leading to varying Eu anomalies in different generations of scheelite from the oxide stage to the quartz-sulfide stage,while also causing a gradual decrease in oxygen fugacity(fO2)and a slow rise in pH value.Additionally,the high Mo and low Sr contents in the scheelite are consistent with typical characteristics of magmatic-hydrothermal scheelite.Therefore,considering the geological features of the deposit,the geochemical characteristics of scheelite and the O-H isotope data published previously,it can be concluded that the genesis of the Nuri deposit belongs to porphyry-skarn deposit.

东昆仑大格勒地区碱性杂岩体中辉石岩的年代学、地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素特征及其地质意义

近年团队在东昆仑大格勒地区发现了Nb、P矿化碱性杂岩体,并对杂岩体的岩石组合、岩石学特征及含矿性开展了研究,初步圈定了Nb、P矿化体,显示东昆仑具有寻找与碱性岩-碳酸岩型稀有稀土矿潜力。对碱性岩的形成时代、地球化学组成、矿物成分以及形成环境等方面的研究,不仅对重建东昆仑古构造环境具有重要的意义,还可推动东昆仑稀有金属成矿规律研究与找矿突破。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,选取杂岩体中重要的含矿辉石岩为研究对象,开展了单矿物电子探针原位分析、磷灰石和榍石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素研究。结果显示,东昆仑大格勒地区辉石岩的形成时代为418 Ma。辉石岩主要矿物中存在似长石(霞石)、碱性暗色矿物(富铁黑云母),单斜辉石为透辉石,角闪石为钙质角闪石(铁韭闪石),黑云母为铁质黑云母和镁质黑云母。岩石地球化学特征显示辉石岩具有富K(K_(2)O>Na_(2)O)、CaO含量高、轻稀土元素强烈富集、富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,不亏损Nb、Ta元素,亏损Zr、U、Ti等高场强元素的特征。全岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.704058~0.704278,ε_(Nd)(t)为-0.4~-0.2。矿物组成、元素和同位素地球化学特征均指示大格勒辉石岩为钾质碱性岩,具有与OIB相似的特征,岩浆源区为EMⅠ型地幔端元。岩石的形成过程为母岩浆在相对较深的地幔源区经历了1%~3%较低程度的部分熔融作用,在上侵过程中经历了较强的分离结晶作用和微弱的同化混染作用,其形成时代为该地区岩浆活动最强烈的时期,可能与碰撞后软流圈地幔的上涌和岩石圈的强烈伸展相关。

东昆仑大格勒地区富铌橄榄岩矿物学、地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素特征

东昆仑大格勒地区碳酸岩-碱性杂岩富铌稀土矿化的发现,对青海省优质稀有稀土矿产的勘查及综合研究具有重要启示。本文以大格勒杂岩体中蛇纹石化富铌橄榄岩为研究对象,开展了矿物学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究。矿物学分析显示,富铌橄榄岩中铌矿物主要为铌易解石(Nb_(2)O_(5)=50.33%~52.50%)、铌钙矿(Nb_(2)O_(5)=48.20%~50.27%)、褐铈铌矿(Nb_(2)O_(5)=42.80%~43.45%)、Stefanweissite矿(Nb_(2)O_(5)=33.14%~34.78%),次为钛铁矿(Nb_(2)O_(5)=3.45%~4.89%)。样品具低SiO_(2)(20.16%~29.20%)和K_(2)O+Na_(2)O(0.02%~2.47%)含量,高Mg O(22.88%~27.69%)含量和Mg^(#)值(74~82),稀土元素总量较高(∑REE=772~1807μg/g),稀土元素配分模式强烈富集LREE、亏损HREE,Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.87~1.17)。原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图显示,样品富集Nb、Ta、Th、U、Sr、Pb,Nb含量高,为981~1753μg/g,平均1378μg/g,可能与晚阶段碳酸岩侵入流体交代作用有关。样品的(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.70378~0.70396,ε_(Nd)(t)值为-0.49~0.31,岩浆源区可能为EMⅠ型地幔端元。综合区域构造背景,大格勒岩体中富铌橄榄岩的形成可能与该地区拉张环境下岩石圈的强烈伸展和软流圈地幔的上涌相关。

Geochemical characteristics of Sr isotopes in the LS33 drill core from the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea, and their response to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau

Making full use of modern analytical and testing techniques to explore and establish new indexes or methods for extracting paleoseawater geochemical information from sediments will help to reconstruct the sedimentary paleoenvironment in different research areas.The connection between the subsidence of the South China Sea basin and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been a scientific concern in recent decades.To explore the information on the sedimentary paleoenvironment,provenance changes and uplift of Tibetan Plateau contained in core sediments(debris),we selected core samples from Well LS33 in the Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea,and analyzed the contents of typical elements(Al,Th,and rare earth elements)that can indicate changes in provenance and the Sr isotopic compositions,which can reveal the geochemical characteristics of the paleoseawater depending on the type of material(authigenic carbonate and terrigenous detritus).The results show the following:(1)during the late Miocene,the Red River transported a large amount of detrital sediments from the ancient continental block(South China)to the Qiongdongnan Basin.(2)The authigenic carbonates accurately record changes in the 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the South China Sea since the Oligocene.These ratios reflect the semi-closed marginal sea environment of the South China Sea(relative to the ocean)and the sedimentary paleoenvironment evolution process of the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin from continental to transitional and then to bathyal.(3)Since the Neogene,the variations in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the authigenic carbonates have been consistent with the variations in the uplift rate of the Tibetan Plateau and the sediment accumulation rate in the Qiongdongnan Basin.These consistent changes indicate the complex geological process of the change in the rock weathering intensity and terrigenous Sr flux caused by changes in the uplift rate of the Tibetan Plateau,which influence the Sr isotope composition of seawater.

松嫩沙地元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成特征及其对区域粉尘物源的指示

松嫩沙地位于欧亚黄土带最东端,其物质组成的研究有利于重建松嫩平原冰期—间冰期粉尘传输路径。为此,系统采集了松嫩沙地123个河流沙和风成沙样品,对其进行分粒级的常量、微量和稀土元素以及Sr-Nd同位素组成等地球化学分析,并利用Frequentist模型进行风尘物源定量重建,探讨松嫩沙地不同区域、不同粒级组分对哈尔滨黄土的贡献及搬运路径。结果表明,松嫩沙地经历了初级的化学风化过程(<63μm、<30μm、<10μm组分CIA平均值分别为55.20、57.46、57.51),有较低的再循环历史(<63μm、<30μm、<10μm组分CIA/WIP比值的平均值为0.98、1.08、1.04)。根据不同粒度组分的元素地球化学与Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,将松嫩沙地划分为西北部和西南部两个地球化学分区。不同粒度组分地球化学组成的定量重建结果表明,这两个分区不同粒级组分(<63μm、<30μm、<10μm)对哈尔滨黄土的贡献度分别为:75.7%~88.5%、73.4%~84.9%、61.0%~89.7%(西南部)和11.5%~24.3%、15.1%~26.6%、10.3%~39%(西北部)。本研究揭示了末次冰期以来松嫩平原粉尘传输路径以西南方向为主,与冰期以西北风为主导的环流模式存在差异。

滇西北浪都夕卡岩矿床致矿岩体的岩石地球化学、年代学、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成及其地质意义

滇西北浪都侵入岩体位于义敦岛弧南段的中甸弧,在空间上属浪都夕卡岩型铜矿床的致矿岩体。本文以浪都致矿岩体中石英二长斑岩为对象,对其开展了锆石SIMS(二次离子质谱)U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示浪都石英二长斑岩的成岩年龄为219.2±1.8 Ma(2σ,MSWD=1.3,n=13),与中甸弧中晚三叠世侵入岩体成岩年龄基本一致。浪都石英二长斑岩具有中等SiO2含量(w(SiO_(2))为60.42%~66.44%),高Al_(2)O_(3)(w(Al2O3)为14.56%~16%)和高K2O(w(K_(2)O)为3.49%~4.49%)含量,以富集LREE和Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损HREE和Ta、Nb、Ti等高场强元素为特征,在化学成分上属于高钾钙碱性系列。此外,浪都石英二长斑岩的87Sr/86Sr初始值为0.7054~0.7061,εNd(t)值为-3.5~-2.5,且所有样品在Pb同位素构造模式图上均落在造山带演化线附近。结合浪都石英二长斑岩的成岩时代、岩石化学和同位素特征,本文认为浪都致矿岩体形成于晚三叠世甘孜-理塘洋壳西向俯冲增生的构造背景,是交代地幔部分熔融形成的熔体在上升过程中受到下地壳物质混染,并经历分离结晶作用形成的产物。浪都石英二长斑岩的高Sr/Y比值和高V/Sc比值,指示岩浆具有高含量H2O和较高的氧逸度,是该区斑岩-夕卡岩铜矿床形成的关键。

A Study of Sr, Nd and O Isotopes of the K-rich Melanocratic Dykes in the Late Mesozoic Gold Field in the Jiaodong Peninsula

Geologic, petrographic and petrochemical studies of the late Mesozoic K-rich melanocratic dykes, including lamprophyres, andesite porphyrites and dacite-porphyry in the gold field system in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China, have shown that these dykes are characterized by rich potassium and alkali but poor titanium. They belong to an ultra-high potassic, shoshonitic and high potassic calc-alkaline rock series. The parental magma has relatively high initial strontium ratios ((87Sr/86Sr),=0.70895-0.71140) and low (143Nd/144Nd)1 ratios (varying from 0.51135 to 0.51231); and its δ18Osmow, whole rock values vary from +5.8%c to +10.6%c with a mean of +7.1%c. These features suggest that the source region of the magma is an enriched mantle wedge transformed from a continental lithosphere mantle which has experienced metasomatism by mantle-derived fluids with H2O-dominated fluids that were provided during the underthrusting of an ocean crust. The initial magma was generated by low-degree partial melting of the enriched mantle in its mature stage in the back-arc spreading environment. The evolution of magmas is associated with two trends, i.e., fractional crystallization and mixing with or intensive contamination by palaeo-crust materials or metamorphic rocks. The former process is evident in the gold field system of quartz-vein type, whereas the latter is dominated in the gold field system of the altered-rock type. This conclusion is very important for more detailed study of petrogenesis and mineralization through the crust-mantle interaction (exchange) in the Mesozoic in this region.

Molar-tooth Carbonate Sequences and Sr Isotopes in the Neoproterozoic for Stratigraphic Correlation: Research in the Jilin-Liaoning-Xuzhou-Huaiyang Area of the Sino-Korean Plate and Its Correlation with the Yangtze Plate

Based on a study of Neoproterozoic carbonates in the Jilin-Liaoning-Xuzhou-Huaiyang area, especially its cyclic sequence stratigraphy and Sr isotopes, two maximum sea flooding events (at 820 Ma and 835 Ma) have been identified. The resulting isochronous stratigraphic correlation proves that these Precambrian strata were connected between the Qingbaikou and the Nanhuan systems with a time range from 750 Ma to 850 Ma. The disappearance of microsparite carbonate and coming of a glacial stage offer important evidence for worldwide stratigraphic correlation and open a window for further correlation of the stratigraphic successions across the Sino-Korean and Yangtze Plates. A new correlation scheme is therefore provided based on our work.

Refnement of the supercontinent cycle with Hf, Nd and Sr isotopes

The combined use of Hf,Nd and Sr isotopes is more useful in understanding the supercontinent cycle than the use of only Hf isotopic data from detrital zircons.Sr and Nd seawater isotopes,although not as precise as εNd and εHf distributions,also record input from ocean ridge systems.Unlike detrital zircons where sources cannot be precisely located because of crustal recycling,both the location and tectonic setting often can be constrained for whole-rock Nd isotopic data.Furthermore,primary zircon sources may not reside on the same continent as derivative detrital zircons due to supercontinent breakup and assembly.Common to all of the isotopic studies are geographic sampling biases reflecting outcrop distributions,river system sampling,or geologists,and these may be responsible for most of the decorrelation observed between isotopic systems.Distributions between 3.5 and 2 Ga based on εHf median values of four detrital zircon databases as well as our compiled εNd database are noisy but uniformly distributed in time,whereas data between 2 and 1 Ga data are more tightly clustered with smaller variations.Grouped age peaks suggest that both isotopic systems are sampling similar types of orogens.Only after 1 Ga and before 3.5 Ga do we see wide variations and significant disagreement between databases,which may partially reflect variations in both the number of sample locations and the number of samples per location.External and internal orogens show similar patterns in εNd and εHfwith age suggesting that both juvenile and reworked crustal components are produced in both types of orogens with similar proportions.However,both types of orogens clearly produce more juvenile isotopic signatures in retreating mode than in advancing mode.Many secular changes in εHf and εNd distributions correlate with the supercontinent cycle.Although supercontinent breakup is correlated with short-lived decreasing εHf and εNd （≤ 100 Myr） for most supercontinents,there is no isotopic evidence for the breakup of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna.Assembly of supercontinents by extroversion is recorded by decreasing εNd in granitoids and metasediments and decreasing εHf in zircons,attesting to the role of crustal reworking in external orogens in advancing mode.As expected,seawater Sr isotopes increase and seawater Nd isotopes decrease during supercontinent assembly by extroversion.Pangea is the only supercontinent that has a clear isotopic record of introversion assembly,during which median εNd and εHf rise rapidly for ≤ 100 Myr.Although expected to increase,radiogenic seawater Sr decreases （and seawater Nd increases） during assembly of Pangea,a feature that may be caused by juvenile input into the oceans from new ocean ridges and external orogens in retreating mode.The fact that a probable onset of plate tectonics around 3 Ga is not recorded in isotopic distributions may be due the existence of widespread felsic crust formed prior to the onset of plate tectonics in a stagnant lid tectonic regime,as supported by Nd and Hf model ages.

Sources of Cretaceous Bimodal Volcanic Rocks in the Coastal Region of Southeastern China -- Constrains of the Sr content and its isotopes

Cretaceous volcanism in the coastal region of southeastern China was characteristized by occurrenceof bimodal volcanics consisting of basalts and rhyolites, the geneses of which are still controversial. Based on the factthat their isotopic compositions are similar but the Sr content of the former is much higher than that of the latter, thispaper discusses the respective sources of the two end-member rocks, and concludes that basalts were derived fromthe subduction-related enriched upper mantle wedge and their isotopic compositions had not been affected by crustalassimilation, whereas rhyolites were formed by remelting of the old metamorphic basement, but they were mixed upwith the underplating basaltic magmas to various degrees so that their Sr isotopic compositions varied significantlyfrom the sources and tended to be homogeneous to the latter.

Geodynamic Background of Intracontinental Cenozoic Alkaline Volcanic Rocks in Laojiezi, Western Yangtze Craton: Constraints from Sr-Nd-Hf-O Isotopes

The Laojiezi alkaline volcanic rocks, which are located in the intraplate region of the Yangtze craton, coincide with the formation of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Red River alkaline rock belt. Although this belt has been widely studied by geologists because of its porphyry-related Pb-Ag-Au polymetallic deposit and geotectonic location, the material sources of this belt are still debate. Whole-rock analyses show that these rocks have high total alkali contents(3.73–11.08 wt%), and their aluminum saturation index(ASI) values widely vary from 0.82 to 3.07, which comprise a metaluminous-peraluminous magma series. These rocks are characterized by high K(K2 O/Na2 O>1) and low Ti and Mg contents; enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, such as Rb, Ba, K and light rare earth elements; and depletion in high field strength elements, such as Ta, Nb, P, and Ti. These rocks exhibit moderate Eu(Eu/Eu*=0.86–1.04) and Ce(Ce/Ce*=0.63–0.96) anomalies. Their(87 Sr/86 Sr)i, εNd(t), zircon εHf(t) and δ18 O values range from 0.70839 to 0.71013, from-10.16 to-12.45, from-19.6 to-5.8, and from 5.69‰ to 8.54‰, respectively, and their Nd and Hf two-stage model ages(TDM2) are 1.67–1.86 Ga and 1.27–2.02 Ga, respectively. These data reflect the primary partial melting of Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic lower crust with minor residual continental lithospheric mantle and supracrustal metasediments. The lithosphere was likely thickened along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau following the Indian-Asian continentcontinent collision(65–41 Ma). During the post-collision phase(36–16 Ma), the transition from a compressional to extensional setting triggered the convective removal of the over-thickened CLM beneath the Yangtze craton, which led to the upwelling of asthenospheric materials. This process created alkali-rich and high-K magma through the partial melting of the thickened lower crust. Magma that carried Cu-Au-Pb-Ag minerals was emplaced by strike-slip motion along the E-to W-or ENE-to WSWtrending tectonically weak zone, finally forming an alkaline porphyry Cu-Au-Pb-Ag polymetallic deposit.

Magma Origin and Evolution of Tengchong Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks from West Yunnan,China:Evidence from Whole Rock Geochemistry and Nd-Sr-Pb Isotopes

Tengchong Cenozoic volcanics that have record key information on the tectonic evolution and mantle features of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau are of great importance because of its unique eruption history spanning the entire Quaternary period. Magma origin and evolution of Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks were studied on the basis of Nd-Sr-Pb isotope and major and trace element data from different eruptions in the Ma＇anshan area. Different samples within one eruption show relative identical lithologies, chemical and isotopic compositions. However, the geochemical features for the five eruptions are distinct from each other. These volcanic rocks show low Mg# values （〈45）, moderate to high fractionation of LREEs and HREEs, and enrichment of Pb and Ba and depletion of Nb. Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks were derived from an enriched mantle based on Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic studies. And lines of evidence show that crustal contamination should be involved before the eruption of different periods of Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks. Older subducted components may be responsible for adakite recycling at various stages of evolution, which results in the origin of the enriched mantle source magma accounting for the isotopic features of Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks. Segregated primitive magma pulsating injected into magma chamber, fractional crystallized and contaminated with crust component. Finally, magmas with distinct chemical and isotopic compositions for each eruption formed. The extension of the northeast segment of the Yingjiang tectonic belt triggered the pulsating eruption of the Cenozoic volcanics in the Tengchong area.

Geochronology, Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotopes of No. I Complex from the Shitoukengde Ni–Cu Sulfide Deposit in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen, Western China: Implications for the Magmatic Source, Geodynamic Setting and Genesis

The Shitoukengde Ni-Cu deposit, located in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen, comprises three mafic-ultramafic complexes, with the No. I complex hosting six Ni-Cu orebodies found recently. The deposit is hosted in the small ultramafic bodies intruding Proterozoic metamorphic rocks. Complexes at Shitoukengde contain all kinds of mafic-ultramafic rocks, and olivine websterite and pyroxene peridotite are the most important Ni-Cu-hosted rocks. Zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the Shitoukengde Ni-Cu deposit formed in late Silurian （426-422 Ma）, and their zircons have ~Hf（t） values of-9.4 to 5.9 with the older TDMm ages （0.80-1.42 Ga）. Mafic-ultramafic rocks from the No. I complex show the similar rare earth and trace element patterns, which are enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion iithophile elements （e.g., K, Rb, Th） and depleted in heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements （e.g., Ta, Nb, Zr, Ti）. Sulfides from the deposit have the slightly higher ~34S values of 1.9-4.3%o than the mantle （0 ~ 2%o）. The major and trace element characteristics, and Sr-Nd-Pb and Hf, S isotopes indicate that their parental magmas originated from a metasomatised, asthenospheric mantle source which had previously been modified by subduction-related fluids, and experienced significant crustal contamination both in the magma chamber and during ascent triggering S oversaturation by addition of S and Si, that resulted in the deposition and enrichment of sulfides. Combined with the tectonic evolution, we suggest that the Shitoukengde Ni-Cu deposit formed in the post-collisional, extensional regime related to the subducted oceanic slab break-off after the Wanbaogou oceanic basalt plateau collaged northward to the Qaidam Block in late Silurian.

Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopes of the Granites from the Hashitu Mo Deposit of Inner Mongolia, China： Constraints on Their Origin and Tectonic Setting

The Hashitu molybdenum deposit is located in the southern part of the Great Hinggan Range, NE China. Molybdenum mineralization is hosted by and genetically associated with monzogranite and porphyritic syenogranite. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of the intrusions show that the porphyritic syenogranite has initial ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios of 0.70418-0.70952, ENd（t） values of 1.3 to 2.1 （t=143 Ma）, ^206Pb/^204Pb ratios of 19.191-19.573, ^207Tpb/^204pb ratios of 15.551-15.572, and ^208Pb/^204Pb ratios of 38.826-39.143. The monzogranite has initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70293-0.71305, εNd（t） values of 1.1 to 2.0 （t=-147 Ma）, ^206Pb/^204pb ratios of 19.507-20.075, ^207Pb/^204Pb ratios of 15.564-15.596, and ^208Pb/^204Pb ratios of 39.012-39.599. The calculated Nd model ages （TDM） for monzogranite and porphyritic syenogranite range from 866 to 1121 Ma and 795 to 1020 Ma, respectively. The granitic rocks in the Hashitu area have the same isotope range as granites in the southern parts of the Great Hinggan Range. The isotope composition indicates that these granites are derived from the partial melting of a juvenile lower crust originating from a depleted mantle with minor contamination by ancient continental crust. The integrating our results with published data and the Late Mesozoic regional tectonic setting of the region suggest that the granites in the Hashitu area formed in an intra-continent extensional setting, and they are related to the thinning of the thickened lithosphere and upwelling of the asthenosphere.

Petrogenesis of Late Cretaceous Jiangla＇angzong I-Type Granite in Central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet, China： Constraints from Whole-Rock Geochemistry, Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotopes

The Jiangla＇angzong granite in the northern part of the Central Lhasa Terrane is composed of syenogranite and adamellite. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses suggest that syenogranite has a weighted mean 2±6pb/23SU age of 86±1 Ma （mean square weighted deviation=0.37）, which is in accordance with the muscovite Ar-Ar age （85±1 Ma） of Cu-Au ore-bearing skarns and the zircon U-Pb age （84±1 Ma） of adamellite. This suggests that the Jiangla＇angzong magmatism and Cu-Au mineralization events took place during the Late Cretaceous. The granite contains hornblende, biotite, and pyroxene, and does not contain Al-bearing minerals, such as muscovite, cordierite, and garnet. It has high contents of SiO2 （65.10 -70.91wt%）, K20 （3.44-5.17wt%）, and total K20＋Na20 （7.13-8.15wt%）, and moderate contents of A12Oa （14.14-16.45wt%） and CaO （2.33-4.11wt%）, with a Reitman index （δ43） of 2.18 to 2.33, and A/ CNK values of 0.88 to 1.02. The P205 contents show a negative correlation with SiO2, whereas Pb contents show a positive correlation with SiO2. Th and Y contents are relatively low and show a negative correlation with the Rb contents. These characteristics suggest that the Jiangla＇angzong granite is a high K calc-alkaline metaluminous I-type granite. It is enriched in light rare earth elements （LREE） and large ion lithofile elements （LILE）, and depleted in heavy rare earth elements （HREE） and high field strength elements （HFSE）, with LREE/HREE ratios of 11.7 to 18.1. The granite has negative Eu anomalies of 0.58 to 0.94 without obvious Ce anomalies （δCe=l.00-1.04）. The relatively low initial a7Sr/a6Sr ratios of 0.7106 to 0.7179, positive ε±nt（t） values of 1.0 to 4.1, and two-stage Hf model ages （TDM2） ranging from 889 Ma to 1082 Ma, These geochemical features indicate that the granite derived from a juvenile crust. The （143Nd/144Nd）t values from the Jiangla＇angzong granite range from 0.5121 to 0.5123, its eNd（t） values range from -10.17 to -6.10, its （^206pb /^204pb）t values range from 18.683 to 18.746, its （^207pb /^204pb）t values range from 15.695 to 15.700, and its （^208pb /^204pb）t values range from 39.012 to 39.071. These data indicate that the granite was formed by melting of the upper crust with the addition of some mantle materials. We propose that the Jiangla＇angzong granite was formed during the post- collision extension of the Qiangtang and Lhasa terranes.

Geochemistry, U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes of the Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Da Hinggan Mountains

Whole-rock geochemical, zircon U-Pb geochronological and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data are presented for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the northern Da Hinggan Mountains. The volcanic rocks generally display high SiO2 （73.19-77.68 wt%） and Na20＋K20 （6.53-8.98 wt%） contents, with enrichment in Rb, Th, U, Pb and LREE, and depletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. Three rhyolite samples, one rhyolite porphyry sample, and one volcanic breccia sample yield weighted mean 206pb/23SU ages of 135.1±1.2 Ma, 116.5±1.1 Ma, 121.9±1.0 Ma, 118.1±0.9 Ma and 116.9±1.4 Ma, respectively. All these rocks have moderate （STSr/S6Sr）i values of 0.704912 to 0.705896, slightly negative eNd（t） values of -1.4 to -0.1, and positive Cur（t） values of 3.7 to 8. Their zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic model ages range from 594 to 1024 Ma. These results suggest that the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks were originated from melting of subducted oceanic crust and associated sediments during the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.

Geochemistry of trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopes of foraminifera shell from the Okinawa Trough

Trace elemental associations and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions are of important to recognition of biogenic material from mixed marine sediments. The foraminifera shell from the Okinawa Trough strongly enriches Sr,P,Mn and Ba, enriches Li,U,Th,Sc,Co,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Rb,Y,Sb and light rare earth elements,slightly enriches V,Ga,Zr,Nb,Cd and middle rare earth elements,is short of Mo,In,Sn,Cs,Hf,Ta,W,Ti,Bi and heavy rare earth elements. The mechanism of elemental enrichment in forminifera is the concentrations of trace elements in sea water and selective absorption of trace elements during foraminifera living, as well as the geochemical affinity between major elements and trace elements.The REE (rare earth elements)partition pattern of foraminifera shell of the Okinawa Trough shows enrichment of middle rare earth elements with slightly negative Ce anomaly,which are different from those of foraminifera of the Pacific Ocean.The Sr,Nd isotopic ratios of the Okinawa Trough foraminifera are 0 709 769 and 0 512 162,respectively, which are different not only from those of oceanic water, but also from those of river water of China's Mainland, the former is slightly higher than those of oceanic water,but much lower than those of river water;the latter is slightly lower than those of oceanic water,but higher than those of river water,demonstrating that the Okinawa Trough sea water has been influenced by river water of China's Mainland.

Devonian alkaline magmatism in the northern North China Craton:Geochemistry,SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes

The Wulanhada pluton is among the rare suite of Devonian alkaline plutons occurring along the northern margin of the North China Craton（NCC）.The intrusion is mainly composed of quartz-monzonite.Here we report zircon SHRIMP U-Pb data from this intrusion which shows emplacement age of ca.381.5 Ma.The rock is metaluminous with high（Na2O ＋ K2O） values ranging from 8.46 to 9.66 wt.%.The REE patterns of the rocks do not show any Eu anomaly whereas the primitive-mantle-normalized spider diagram shows strong positive Sr and Ba anomalies.The Wulanhada rocks exhibit high initial values of（87Sr/86Sr）t = 0.70762-0.70809,low εNd（t） =-12.76 to-12.15 values and negative values of εHf（t） =-23.49 to-17.02 with small variations in（176Hf/177Hf）,（0.281873-0.282049）.These geochemical features and quantitative isotopic modeling results suggest that the rocks might have been formed through the partial melting of Neoarchean basic rocks in the lower crust of the NCC.The Wulanhada rocks,together with the Devonian alkaline rocks and mafic-ultramafic complex from neighboring regions,constitute a post-collisional magmatic belt along the northern NCC.

华北克拉通南缘大庄铌-稀土矿床地质、地球化学和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征

碱性岩型铌-稀土矿床是重要的铌-稀土矿资源类型。河南省方城县大庄铌-稀土矿位于华北克拉通南缘,是近年来新发现的一例赋存于霞石正长岩中的,具有中型规模的碱性岩型矿床。大庄矿区内共圈定17个NW—SE向带状展布的,呈囊状、不规则状、透镜状产出的铌-稀土矿体。铌-稀土矿石主要赋存于角闪霞石正长岩和黑云母正长岩中。矿石矿物主要为烧绿石、氟碳铈镧矿、褐钇铌矿和富铌榍石等。矿石的结构主要有斑状结构、他形粒状结构、半自形粒状结构、包含结构、交代结构、共生结构、伟晶结构等。矿石构造分为块状、脉状和片麻状构造等。热液蚀变包括萤石化、绢云母化、绿帘石化和绿泥石化等。碱性岩样品具有低SiO2、富碱、高铝的特征,稀土元素总量较高,轻重稀土分异明显,具有明显的负Eu异常,富集Nb、Ta、Th、U、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,明显亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素。碱性岩全岩(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.68158~0.71090,εNd(t)=―1.11~―0.37,两阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为1601~1540 Ma,(206Pb/204Pb)i=16.018~17.502、(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.358~15.489、(208Pb/204Pb)i=36.684~40.340。地球化学特征显示方城地区碱性岩的岩石类型为A型岩套A1亚型,岩浆演化主要受分离结晶控制,其原始岩浆形成于富金云母的地幔源区。总体上看,华北克拉通南缘大庄铌-稀土矿成矿主体受岩浆结晶分异控制,Nb、REE在岩浆结晶晚期大量富集,后期热液活动对铌-稀土成矿有一定的制约作用。方城地区碱性岩形成于板内拉张的构造背景,推测是Rodinia超大陆裂解的响应。

A Study of REE and Pb, Sr and N d Isotopes in Garnet-Lherzolite Xenoliths from Mingxi, Fujian Province

The REE and Pb ,Sr,Nd isotopes in three xenoliths from limburgite and scoria-breccias,including spinel-lherzolite,spinel-gamet-1herzolite and phlogopite-gamet-1herzolite,were analysed.The REE contentso of the xenoliths are 1.3 to 3.3 times those of the chondrites with their REE pattems characterized by weak LREE depletion.The ^143Nd/^144Nd values of whole rocks and minerals range from 0.51306 to 0.51345 with εNd=+8.2-+15.8,^206Pb/^204Pb<18.673,and ^207Pb/^204Pb<15.574,All this goes to show that the upper mantle in Mingxi at the depth of 67-82km is a depleted mantle of MORB type,with ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios 0.70237-0.70390.In Nd-Sr diagram the data points of whole rocks are all out of the mantle array,implying that the xenoliths from Mingxi have more radiogenic Sr isotopes than those of the mantle array.