通过甘氨酸硝酸盐法（GNP）合成了钙钛矿型Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ（BSCF）复合氧化物粉体。经压制、烧结后,得到了BSCF烧结体试样,还通过硝酸溶液浸蚀处理对烧结体试样进行了表面浸蚀处理。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）对煅烧后的粉体进...通过甘氨酸硝酸盐法（GNP）合成了钙钛矿型Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ（BSCF）复合氧化物粉体。经压制、烧结后,得到了BSCF烧结体试样,还通过硝酸溶液浸蚀处理对烧结体试样进行了表面浸蚀处理。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）对煅烧后的粉体进行了相成分分析;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及能谱仪（EDS）对烧结体和表面浸蚀后烧结体样品的微观组织和成分进行了表征;对烧结体的致密度、电导率进行了测试分析,并在自制的氧渗透装置上测定了BSCF钙钛矿膜的透氧量,分析了温度和不同氧分压差等对膜透氧性能的影响。实验结果表明,甘氨酸-硝酸盐法所制备的前驱体粉末在900℃煅烧3 h后可获得具有单一钙钛矿结构的BSCF粉体,1100℃煅烧的BSCF烧结体的电导率在600℃时最大达到38.15 S·cm-1。其透氧量随着温度和氧分压差的升高而增大,且硝酸表面浸蚀处理后,BSCF膜片的透氧性能有明显提高,透氧速率提高1.6~4.5倍。850℃,20%O2-80%N2混合气体/He条件下,浸蚀后的透氧膜片的透氧量达到2.36 m L/cm2·min,而未浸蚀透氧膜片的透氧量仅为1.36 m L/cm2·min。展开更多
Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.5Fe0.2O3-σ(BSCF), a new cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), was synthesized by polyacrylicacid (PAA) method. The lattice structures of samples calcined at different temperatures were char...Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.5Fe0.2O3-σ(BSCF), a new cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), was synthesized by polyacrylicacid (PAA) method. The lattice structures of samples calcined at different temperatures were characterized by XRD, Shrinkage, porosity and pore size of the porous BSCF as a function of sintering temperature were investigated. It was found that the cubic perovskite structure could be formed after calcination at 800 ℃ for 2 h, but not well crystallized as seen from some unknown phases, and the pure cubic perovskite structure was formed after calcination at 1150 ℃ for 2 h. The panicle size of BSCF was less than 1-2 μm. The shrinkage of the porous BSCF increased with sintering temperature, but the opposite was true for the porosity. After sintering at 1100 ℃ for 4 h, the porous BSCF was still in an appropriate structure, with porosity of 29% and electrical conductivity above 400 S·cm^-1.展开更多
采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐自蔓延燃烧法分别合成了Pr_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(PSCF)和Gd_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(2-δ)(GDC)粉体,高温固相法合成La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LSGM)电解质粉体。以LSGM为电解质,PSCF同时...采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐自蔓延燃烧法分别合成了Pr_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(PSCF)和Gd_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(2-δ)(GDC)粉体,高温固相法合成La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LSGM)电解质粉体。以LSGM为电解质,PSCF同时作为阴极和阳极,GDC作为功能层材料,构建了对称固体氧化物燃料电池PSCF│GDC│LSGM│GDC│PSCF。利用X射线衍射法研究材料的成相以及相互间的化学稳定性,交流阻抗法记录界面极化行为,用扫描电子显微镜观察电池的断面微结构,用自组装的测试系统评价电池输出性能。结果表明,合成的PSCF粉体呈立方钙钛矿结构,具有良好的氧化–还原可逆性。使用GDC功能层明显改善了氢气环境下PSCF与LSGM材料间的化学相容性以及电池的输出性能,800℃时,电极│电解质界面极化电阻从6.892?·cm^2下降到0.314?·cm^2;以加湿H_2(含体积分数3%的水蒸气)为燃料气,空气为氧化气时,单电池输出功率密度由269 m W/cm2增大至463 m W/cm^2。研究结果显示,PSCF是对称固体氧化物燃料电池良好的候选电极材料,GDC功能层对改善电池长期稳定性能具有潜在的应用价值。展开更多
文摘通过甘氨酸硝酸盐法（GNP）合成了钙钛矿型Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ（BSCF）复合氧化物粉体。经压制、烧结后,得到了BSCF烧结体试样,还通过硝酸溶液浸蚀处理对烧结体试样进行了表面浸蚀处理。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）对煅烧后的粉体进行了相成分分析;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及能谱仪（EDS）对烧结体和表面浸蚀后烧结体样品的微观组织和成分进行了表征;对烧结体的致密度、电导率进行了测试分析,并在自制的氧渗透装置上测定了BSCF钙钛矿膜的透氧量,分析了温度和不同氧分压差等对膜透氧性能的影响。实验结果表明,甘氨酸-硝酸盐法所制备的前驱体粉末在900℃煅烧3 h后可获得具有单一钙钛矿结构的BSCF粉体,1100℃煅烧的BSCF烧结体的电导率在600℃时最大达到38.15 S·cm-1。其透氧量随着温度和氧分压差的升高而增大,且硝酸表面浸蚀处理后,BSCF膜片的透氧性能有明显提高,透氧速率提高1.6~4.5倍。850℃,20%O2-80%N2混合气体/He条件下,浸蚀后的透氧膜片的透氧量达到2.36 m L/cm2·min,而未浸蚀透氧膜片的透氧量仅为1.36 m L/cm2·min。
文摘Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.5Fe0.2O3-σ(BSCF), a new cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), was synthesized by polyacrylicacid (PAA) method. The lattice structures of samples calcined at different temperatures were characterized by XRD, Shrinkage, porosity and pore size of the porous BSCF as a function of sintering temperature were investigated. It was found that the cubic perovskite structure could be formed after calcination at 800 ℃ for 2 h, but not well crystallized as seen from some unknown phases, and the pure cubic perovskite structure was formed after calcination at 1150 ℃ for 2 h. The panicle size of BSCF was less than 1-2 μm. The shrinkage of the porous BSCF increased with sintering temperature, but the opposite was true for the porosity. After sintering at 1100 ℃ for 4 h, the porous BSCF was still in an appropriate structure, with porosity of 29% and electrical conductivity above 400 S·cm^-1.
文摘采用柠檬酸-硝酸盐自蔓延燃烧法分别合成了Pr_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(PSCF)和Gd_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(2-δ)(GDC)粉体,高温固相法合成La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LSGM)电解质粉体。以LSGM为电解质,PSCF同时作为阴极和阳极,GDC作为功能层材料,构建了对称固体氧化物燃料电池PSCF│GDC│LSGM│GDC│PSCF。利用X射线衍射法研究材料的成相以及相互间的化学稳定性,交流阻抗法记录界面极化行为,用扫描电子显微镜观察电池的断面微结构,用自组装的测试系统评价电池输出性能。结果表明,合成的PSCF粉体呈立方钙钛矿结构,具有良好的氧化–还原可逆性。使用GDC功能层明显改善了氢气环境下PSCF与LSGM材料间的化学相容性以及电池的输出性能,800℃时,电极│电解质界面极化电阻从6.892?·cm^2下降到0.314?·cm^2;以加湿H_2(含体积分数3%的水蒸气)为燃料气,空气为氧化气时,单电池输出功率密度由269 m W/cm2增大至463 m W/cm^2。研究结果显示,PSCF是对称固体氧化物燃料电池良好的候选电极材料,GDC功能层对改善电池长期稳定性能具有潜在的应用价值。
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0700102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21703237,21573222,91545202)+1 种基金Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP DMTO201702)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB17020200)and CAS Youth Innovation Promotion(2015145)~~
文摘化石燃料的使用排放了大量CO_2,对气候和环境造成了日益严重的危害.固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)能够利用可再生能源产生的电能将CO_2高效转化成CO,降低CO_2排放的同时,又能减少化石燃料的使用,近年来受到研究者的广泛关注.相比于低温液相CO_2电还原,SOEC高的运行温度保证了其较高的反应速率,即较高的电流密度.典型的SOEC单电池由多孔阴极、致密电解质和多孔阳极以三明治的方式组装而成.CO_2分子在阴极得到两个电子解离成CO和一个O_2^-;生成的O_2-通过致密电解质传导至阳极,在阳极失去四个电子发生析氧反应(OER)生成一个O_2.相比于两电子的阴极反应,阳极四电子的析氧反应更难进行,可能是整个电极过程的速控步,因此开发高性能的阳极材料有望显著提高SOEC的CO_2电还原性能.La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(LSCF)因具有较高的混合离子-电子导电性而被用作SOEC阳极材料,但受LSCF-气体两相界面的限制,其OER性能较低.研究表明,LSCF-掺杂的Ce O2-气体所构成的三相界面相比于LSCF-气体两相界面具有更高的电化学反应活性,即OER反应更易在三相界面进行.因此,本文将Gd_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9)(GDC)纳米颗粒浸渍到SOEC LSCF阳极来提高其OER活性,考察了纳米颗粒浸渍量(3,5,10和20 wt%)对SOEC电化学性能的影响.结果表明,SOEC的电化学性能随浸渍量的增加而逐渐升高,当GDC纳米颗粒浸渍量为10 wt%时(10GDC/LSCF),SOEC的电化学性能达到最高,在800 oC和1.6V的电流密度为0.555 A cm^(-2),是LSCF阳极SOEC性能的1.32倍.继续增加浸渍量到20 wt%,电化学性能反而开始下降.电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明,GDC纳米颗粒的加入减小了SOEC的极化电阻.对应的弛豫时间分布函数解析结果表明10GDC/LSCF阳极上的OER由四个基元反应构成.电镜和O_2^-程序升温脱附结果表明,GDC纳米颗粒的加入显著增加了10GDC/LSCF阳极三相界面和表面氧空位的数量以及体相氧的流动性,从而促进了OER四个基元反应的反应速率,降低了这几个过程的极化电阻,因而降低了OER反应的极化电阻,提高了SOEC电还原CO2的电化学性能.
