Plasma levels of omentin-1 and visfatin in senile patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure

Objective:To investigate the alteration of plasma levels of omentin-1 and visfatin in elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and heart failure.Methods:Plasma omentin-1 and visfatin levels were measured in 90 subjects(29 stable angina pectoris(SAP)cases,30 unstable angina pectoris(UAP)cases and 31 age-and sex-matched healthy controls(age≥60 years)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.According to the New York Heart Association classification.59 CHDs were divided into three groups:functional I class,11 cases;functional II/III class,36 cases;and functional IV class,12 cases.Results:The plasma level of omentin-1in CHO patients was significantly lower than thai of the control group.Otnenlin-lin SAP group and UAP group were significantly lower compared to the control group(there was no statistical significance between UAP group and SAP group;P>0.05).The plasma level of visfatin in CHD patients was significandy higher than that of the control group.Similarly,visfatin in SAP group and UAP group were all significantly higher compared to the control group,while there was no statistical significance between UAP group,and SAP group.The plasma omentin-1 level was negatively correlated with SBP(r=-0.264,P<0.05),positively correlated with HDL-c level(r=0.271,P<0.05);the plasma visfatin level was positively correlated with TC(r=0.292,P<0.05),negatively correlated with HDL-c level(r=-0.266,P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between plasma omentin-1 and visfatin levels(r=-0.280,P<0.05).Moreover,multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that omentin-1 and visfatin levels might be affected by HDL-c level.Logistic regression analysis showed that visfatin could be an independent risk factor of CHD.Conclusions:Decreased levels of omentin-1 and increased levels of visfatin may be involved in the occurrence and development of CHD.Omentin-1 and visfatin,independently,may be protective and pro-inflammatory cytokines.Additionally,both omentin-1 and visfatin may be related to lipid metabolism.Visfatin may be an independent risk factor of CHD.

C-reactive Protein Level,Apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1 Ratio,and Risks of Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease among Inner Mongolians in China

Objective We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1（ApoB/ApoA-1） ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke（IS） or coronary heart disease（CHD） in a Mongolian population in China.Methods From June 2003 to July 2012,2589 Mongolian participants were followed up for IS and CHD events based on baseline investigation.All the participants were divided into four subgroups according to C-reactive protein（CRP） level and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio.Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios（HRs） and 95% confidence intervals（CIs） for the IS and CHD events in all the subgroups.Results The HRs（95% CI） for IS and CHD were 1.33（0.84-2.12）,1.14（0.69-1.88）,and 1.91（1.17-3.11） in the ‘low CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1＇,‘high CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1＇,and ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1＇ subgroups,respectively,in comparison with the ‘low CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1＇ subgroup.The risks of IS and CHD events was highest in the ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1＇ subgroup,with statistical significance.Conclusion High CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was associated with the highest risks of IS and CHD in the Mongolian population.This study suggests that the combination of high CRP and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio may improve the assessment of future risk of developing IS and CHD in the general population.

Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Male Veterans:A 30-year Cohort Study

Objective Evidence is lacking regarding the combined effects of smoking and obesity on mortality from coronary heart disease in male veterans.This study aimed to explore the combined effect of smoking and obesity on coronary heart disease mortality in male veterans in China.Methods A cohort of 1,268 male veterans from 22 veteran centers in Xi’an(Shaanxi Province,China)were followed up once every 2 years from February 1,1987 to October 30,2016.The endpoint was death from any cause.The hazard ratio(HR)of each risk factor and the 95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.Results The total follow-up was 24394.21 person-years;each subject was followed up for a mean duration of 19.24 years.By the end of the study,of the 1,268 veterans,889 had died,363 were alive,and 16 were lost to follow-up.Cox regression analysis results revealed that current smoking(HR:1.552,95%CI:1.074–2.243),obesity(HR:1.625,95%CI:1.024–2.581),and the combined effect of the two factors(HR:2.828,95%CI:1.520–5.262)were associated with coronary heart disease mortality.Conclusion Our results suggest that obese veterans who smoke might be an important target population for coronary heart disease mortality control.

Factors Influencing the Diferent Incidences between Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke

To search factors influencing morbidity between coronary heart disease(CHD) and stroke, a longitudinal prospective study was done in a cohort of 1 809 participants aged 3574 at entry of Jiangsu province, China. The average annual agedadjusted incidence of stroke was 142.3/\{100 000\}, being over 1315 years more than that of coronary event(CE)(49.1/100 000), the difference of the incidences between the two diseases was very significant(P<0.01). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the main risk factors of CHD include increase of serum total cholecsterol, hypertension and mental stress, whereas the most important risk factors for stroke consist of elevation of systolic blood pressure(SBP) as well as smoking and alcohol drinking habit. It was noted that these participants in cohort usually had high salt intake, low animal protein diet, and low level of serum cholecsterol with high level of blood presure and smoking and alcohol habit. We suggest that rational dietary food, stopping smoking, limited alcohol and community control of hypertension are the preventive strategy against these diseases.

Contemporary Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease

The overall goals of therapy for patients with stable ischemic heart disease are to minimize the likelihood of death while maximizing health and function.Initial risk assessment with noninvasive testing is indicated to determine whether invasive evaluation is needed in addition to medical therapy.All patients with stable ischemic heart disease need optimal medical therapy,which includes risk factor management with lifestyle modifi cations and pharmacologic therapy.First-line pharmacologic therapy is focused on preventing myocardial infarction and death with antiplatelet agents,lipid-lowering therapy,and antihypertensive therapies.In addition,antianginal therapy and anti-ischemic therapy are indicated to alleviate symptoms,reduce ischemia,and improve quality of life.The commonly used antianginal agents include nitrates,beta-blockers,calcium channel blockers,and ranolazine.When medical therapy is not adequate to relieve angina,revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting is indicated.We review the indications and evidence for antianginal agents and other therapies for angina.

Clinical characteristics of Danshen Ligustrazine injection in the treatment of coronary heart disease with hypertension-A real world study

Objective:To explore the characteristics and rules of Danshen Ligustrazine Injection in the treatment of coronary heart disease with hypertension.Methods:From the information systems of 12 tertiary tier-one hospitals across the country,we extracted the medical data of the application of Danshen Ligustrazine Injection in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension.After normalization,the model was established by Apriori algorithm,and the association rules were analyzed by Clementine 12.0 software.Results:Most of the 1928 patients were between 75 and 90 years old(54.26%).There were more males than females,most with type 2 diabetes,cerebral infarction,etc.Each dose was more than 10 mL(52.78%).Aspirin enteric-coated tablets(67.63%),L-carnitine injection(58.77%),and atorvastatin calcium capsules(50.93%)were often used in combination with safflower yellow pigment(22.20%),Shexiang Baoxin Pill(16.55%),Suxiao Jiuxin Pill(15.09%);the most commonly used combination of western medicine was anticoagulant thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs(85.84%),and the type of Chinese medicine was Huoxuehuayu(72.98%);The most common combination of two western medicines was L-carnitine injection+aspirin enteric-coated tablets,with a support of 41.9%;The most common combination of two Chinese and western medicines is western medicine·anti-anginal medicine+western medicine·anticoagulant thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs with a support of 67.6%.Conclusion:Danshen Ligustrazine injection is mainly used in elderly patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension,with many comorbidities.The dosage standard needs to be optimized.The combination of drugs and guidelines should coordinate with each other,which provide clues for clinical diagnosis and treatment and optimization of medication.

Stable ischemic heart disease in the older adults

1 Introduction Ischemic heart disease is caused by atherosclerotic and/or thrombotic obstruction of coronary arteries.Clinical spectrum of ischemic heart disease expands from asymptomatic atherosclerosis of coronary arteries to acute coronary syndromes (ACS) including unstable angina,acute myocardial infarction (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and ST elevation myocardial infarction).

Review of Medical Treatment of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease

Medical treatment is the initial treatment strategy and is the cornerstone of management in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (IHD). Many patients are not suitable for percutaneous or surgical revascularization because of unfavourable anatomy, or the presence of co-morbidities. In addition, many patients have recurrence of angina following revascularization due to restenosis or incomplete revascularization. Furthermore, randomized clinical trials comparing optimal medical treatment to revascularization have not clearly shown that myocardial revascularization is superior to optimal medical treatment. Traditional drugs for angina treatment include b-blockers, calcium channel blockers and nitrates. Newer drugs are available with different mechanisms of action and with equal efficacy that do not cause significant hemodynamic deterioration. The availability of these newer drugs expands the therapeutic potential of medical treatment to even a wider population with stable IHD. Revascularization in patients with stable ischemic heart disease has never been shown to reduce hard endpoints (death or myocardial infarction) in randomized clinical trials.

Novel Imaging Approaches for the Diagnosis of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease in Women

Conventional recommendations for diagnostic testing for the evaluation of stable ischemic heart disease in women have largely paralleled those in men.Although they are designed primarily for the identifi cation of obstructive coronary artery disease(CAD),traditional approaches can lead to overtesting in women without differentiating who is truly at risk.Several unique factors related to the presentation,diagnosis,and underlying pathophysiology of stable ischemic heart disease in women necessitate a more specific approach to the assessment of their risk,complete with separate guidelines when appropriate.This overview highlights how advanced noninvasive imaging tools,including cardiac computed tomography angiography,positron emission tomography,and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging,are enabling very sensitive assessments of anatomic atherosclerotic plaque burden,macrovessel-and microvessel-related ischemia,and myocardial fi brosis,respectively.Moving forward,effective diagnostic testing will need to identify women at high risk of adverse cardiovascular events(not anatomically obstructive CAD per se)without overtesting those at low risk.Judicious application of novel imaging approaches will be critical to broadening the defi nitions of CAD and ischemia to better refl ect the whole spectrum of pathological phenotypes in women,including nonobstructive CAD and coronary microvascular dysfunction,and aid in the development of needed evidence-based strategies for their management.

艾灸联合曲美他嗪对老年冠心病稳定型心绞痛患者血小板聚集功能的影响

目的 探讨艾灸联合曲美他嗪用于老年冠心病稳定型心绞痛的效果,观察血小板聚集功能变化。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年1月收治的冠心病稳定型心绞痛患者96例,随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组48例。对照组给予曲美他嗪治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用艾灸治疗。观察2组患者临床疗效,比较2组患者治疗前后中医证候评分、心功能[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)]、血小板聚集功能、心绞痛发作次数、持续时间及西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)评分,观察不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组胸痛胸闷、面色暗紫、痰多体胖、倦态乏力评分均低于治疗前且低于对照组治疗后(P<0.05);治疗后观察组2.5μmol/L、5μmol/L、300μmol/L诱导剂下的血小板聚集均显著低于治疗前且低于对照组治疗后(P<0.05);观察组LVEF、SAQ量表高于治疗前及对照组,LVEDD、LVESD、心绞痛发作次数、持续时间低于治疗前及对照组(P<0.05);2组患者不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 艾灸联合曲美他嗪可改善老年冠心病稳定型心绞痛患者心功能、血小板聚集功能,减少患者心绞痛频率及持续时间,安全性高。

基于隐结构模型结合关联规则研究冠心病稳定型心绞痛中医证候特征

目的探讨冠心病稳定型心绞痛中医证候的分布及特征,为今后冠心病稳定型心绞痛的辨证论治提供客观可靠的依据。方法计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方(WanFang)、维普(VIP)等数据库内自建库以来至2022年1月的名老中医治疗冠心病稳定型心绞痛的医案及临床经验,采用孔明灯Lantern5.0软件,应用爬山法(LTM-EAST)算法建立症状隐结构模型并进行综合聚类分析;采用SPSS Modeler 15.1软件,用Apriori算法,对中医证素进行关联规则分析并绘制复杂网络图。结果①纳入的206例医案共涉及24个中医证候,其中频次较高(>5%)的分别为心血瘀阻证、痰瘀互结证、气滞血瘀证、痰湿阻滞证、气虚血瘀证、心阳虚证、气阴两虚证。②将共计121个症状作为显变量,应用LTM-EAST算法构建结构模型,得出30个隐变量,对得出的30个隐变量进行综合聚类,共得出9个综合聚类模型即9个中医证候,分别为气滞血瘀证、心血瘀阻证、气虚血瘀证、心阳虚证、气阴两虚证、痰瘀互结证、痰湿内阻证、痰热内闭证、心肾阳虚证。③对24个中医证候提取的17个证素进行关联规则分析,推导出7个中医证候,分别为心血瘀阻证、心阳虚衰证、痰瘀互结证、气阴两虚证、阳虚血瘀证、气虚血瘀证、气滞血瘀证。结论综合归纳,最终得出6个中医常见证候,分别为:气滞血瘀证、心血瘀阻证、气虚血瘀证、心阳虚证、气阴两虚证、痰瘀互结证。

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨丹参治疗冠心病和脑卒中的“异病同治”作用机制研究

目的:基于网络药理学及分子对接方法探讨丹参有效成分治疗冠心病和脑卒中“异病同治”的作用机制及关键靶点。方法:通过中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)、在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)、DrugBank等数据库筛选丹参治疗冠心病及脑卒中的潜在靶点,并通过Metascape在线平台进行靶点蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)、基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析,使用Cytoscape 3.9.1构建活性成分-关键靶点-核心通路网络,筛选出核心成分。采用分子对接模拟核心成分与关键靶点的结合程度。结果:筛选丹参治疗冠心病与脑卒中“异病同治”的潜在靶点52个,主要富集于糖基化终末产物/糖基化终末产物受体(AGE/RAGE)、血小板激活、脂质与动脉粥样硬化、流体剪应力与动脉粥样硬化等通路。核心药效成分与磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS3,eNOS)、B淋巴细胞瘤相关蛋白-2(Bcl-2)、环氧合酶2(PTGS2)、整合素亚基α2b(ITGA2B)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)等靶点结合稳定。结论:丹参“异病同治”冠心病与脑卒中主要通过抗血小板活化与聚集、保护心脑血管细胞、稳定斑块、减轻炎症等机制改善动脉粥样硬化,并存在靶点竞争及协同疗效的潜在可能。

Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction Analysis of the Correlation of Chinese Medicine Syndrome Evolvement and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease

Objective： To analyze the correlation of Chinese medicine syndrome evolvement and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods： This prospective cohort study investigated and collected the clinical information of patients with stable CHD and observed the syndrome type at the baseline and 6-month at follow-up, as well as the cardiovascular events during the 6-month and 12-month follow-up. The patients were divided into the event group and the non-event group. The interaction and the impact of syndrome evolvement on cardiovascular events were examined through multifactor dimensionality reduction （MDR） analysis and the results were verified by Chi-square test. Results： Totally 1,333 of 1,503 stable CHD patients enrolled met the inclusion criteria of MDR analysis. Among them, 959 （71.9%） cases were males and 374 （28.1%） cases were females. Thirty seven cases had cardiovascular events during 6 to 12 months after the study began. The results of the MDR analysis and verification using Chi-square test showed that the development of cardiovascular events was positively correlated with interaction between blood stasis and toxic syndrome at the baseline, blood stasis at the baseline and qi deficiency at the 6-month follow-up, toxic syndrome at the baseline and qi deficiency at the 6-month follow-up, toxic syndrome at the base line and blood stasis at the 6-month follow-up, qi deficiency and blood stasis at the 6-month follow-up （P〈0.05 for all）. Conclusions： Blood stasis, toxic syndrome and qi deficiency are important factors of stable CHD. There are positive correlation between cardiovascular events and syndrome evolution from blood stasis to qi deficiency, from toxic syndrome to qi deficiency and from toxic syndrome to blood stasis, indicating the pathogenesis of toxin consuming qi, toxin leading to blood-stasis in stable CHD patients prone to recurrent cardiovascular events.

血清尿酸与心脑血管疾病相关性研究进展

尿酸(UA)是机体代谢的关键物质,随着生活质量改善、饮食结构变化,高尿酸血症(HUA)发生率呈逐年上升趋势,并与高血压、冠心病(CAD)、心力衰竭、心律失常、脑卒中等心脑血管疾病发生密切相关。现就血清UA水平与心脑血管疾病相关性研究作一概述,以期为心血管病早期防治提供参考。

心脏康复治疗改善稳定性冠心病合并糖尿病患者的预后观察

目的探讨心脏康复治疗对稳定性冠心病合并糖尿病患者的预后影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年10月期间就诊于郑州市第七人民医院心内科的70例稳定性冠心病合并糖尿病患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各35例。对照组采用常规药物治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上增加心脏康复治疗。比较两组治疗效果、心功能、血糖水平、最大运动耐量及并发症指标。结果观察组患者治疗有效率(97.14%)高于对照组(80.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组左室舒张末期内径、左心室射血分数较治疗前有所好转,观察组好转幅度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后治疗组糖化血红蛋白、餐后2 h血糖以及空腹血糖皆低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组6 min步行距离远于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率(5.71%)低于对照组(22.86%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脏康复治疗对稳定性冠心病合并糖尿病患者的预后具有积极影响,可改善患者的心功能、控制血糖水平、提高最大运动耐量,并减少并发症的风险。

稳定性冠心病患者血清Perilipin5水平及与心功能的相关性分析

目的分析Perilipin5(Plin5)在稳定性冠心病(SCAD)患者血清中的表达水平,并探讨其与患者心功能的相关性。方法病例对照研究。选取2020年11月至2021年6月于河北省人民医院住院治疗的183例SCAD患者作为病例组,根据是否存在心力衰竭(HF)分为SCAD组(62例)和SCAD+HF组(121例)。选取同期就诊的57例非冠心病患者作为对照组。对所有纳入的患者进行临床资料的采集,并检测血清N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)和检查超声心动图。Pearson相关分析评估Plin5与心功能的相关性。结果121例合并HF的SCAD患者中,58例为射血分数保留的HF,32例为射血分数中间值HF(HFmrEF),31例为射血分数降低的HF(HFrEF)。对照组血清Plin5水平明显高于SCAD组和SCAD+HF组,差异有统计学意义(H=28.156,P<0.001)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,血清Plin5水平与左心室射血分数呈正相关,与左心房内径、左心室收缩末内径、左心室舒张末内径和NT-proBNP呈负相关(均为P<0.01)。多元logistic回归分析显示,Plin5是SCAD患者发生HFmrEF和HFrEF的负向影响因素(均为P<0.05)。结论SCAD患者血清Plin5水平显著降低是其发生HFmrEF和HFrEF的负向影响因素。

基于病证结合的冠心病动物模型制备研究进展与思考

冠心病的临床研究和动物实验研究一直是心血管领域的常见病。病证结合动物模型体现了中西医结合的理念,不仅有西医的疾病特点,而且借助中医思维用不同实验方法来表现独特的中医证候特点,是中医药研究冠心病预防和治疗的有效工具。文章对常用冠心病中医证候的动物模型建立方法进行总结,并以冠心病痰瘀互结证动物模型为例提出思考。

代谢综合征合并冠心病案——仝小林院士教学查房实录

以广安门医院内分泌科1例代谢综合征合并冠心病患者为例邀请仝小林院士进行教学查房,对代谢综合征合并冠心病的中医辨治思路、疾病发展、诊疗要点进行阐述。强调辨别脾瘅与消瘅异同,把握疾病发展的不同趋势,脾瘅易合并大血管、微血管并发症,消瘅则微血管并发症多见。注重脉络并治,从肝论治,注重运用态靶辨治体系,减少西药的使用。

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨血府逐瘀汤“异病同治”治疗冠心病和缺血性脑卒中的作用机制

目的 通过网络药理学方法结合分子对接技术探讨血府逐瘀汤“异病同治”治疗冠心病和缺血性脑卒中的作用机制。方法 在TCMSP数据库检索并结合文献筛选血府逐瘀汤11味中药的活性成分和作用靶点,通过Uniprot数据库匹配靶点官方名称。从OMIM、DrugBank、DisGNET、TTD、GeneCards数据库获取冠心病和缺血性脑卒中相关疾病靶点,取交集靶点,构建“单味药—共有靶点—疾病”网络。建立蛋白间相互作用网络,利用Centiscape插件筛选关键靶点,利用MetaScape数据库进行GO功能分析和KEGG通路富集分析。通过AutoDockTools-1.5.6进行分子对接预测。结果 筛选后得到血府逐瘀汤活性成分192个,作用靶点394个;与冠心病和缺血性脑卒中相关且排序靠前的通路有脂质和动脉粥样硬化、缺氧诱导因子-1、松弛素、核因子-κB信号通路等,主要与脂质代谢、炎症反应、氧化应激、血管生成和细胞凋亡等生物学过程相关。本方中主要活性成分木犀草素、山柰酚、柚皮素与靶点蛋白蛋白激酶1、白蛋白、胰岛素结合较好。结论 基于网络药理学的方法发现血府逐瘀汤通过多靶点、多途径治疗冠心病和缺血性脑卒中,且多个成分表现出良好的活性;可能通过抗氧化、抗炎、抑制细胞凋亡、调节激素水平、促进血管生成等作用,改善局部缺血缺氧状态,发挥“异病同治”作用。

基于高效通道注意力机制和特征融合网络的冠心病诊断算法研究

针对冠心病重要特征不确定、诊断模型预测性能低等因素而导致冠心病早期诊断精度低的问题,提出一种基于高效通道注意力机制和特征融合的网络。通过XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)来确定冠心病重要特征,设计数据生成图片的特征组合算法以适用该模型;为提高诊断模型预测性能,采用可以提升模型学习能力和特征利用率的高效通道注意力机制模块和特征融合模块。实验结果表明,在UCI克利夫兰心脏病数据集上,与其他诊断算法相比,该算法优于传统机器学习方法,预测精度可达100%且稳定性好。