Ethanol Evaporation Characteristics of the Blends of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester and Ethanol

The evaporation characteristics of fatty acid methyl ester(FAME)mixed with four concentrations of ethanol at 873 K and normal atmospheric pressure are studied herein.FAME is used as base oils,and et hanol mass fractions vary from 10%,20%,30%to 40%。The experimental results show that the evaporation process of the binary component droplets of FAME-ethanol can be divided into two stages:a fuctuation evaporation stage,and an equilibrium evaporation stage.In these four concentration gradients,micro-explosions occur in the droplet evaporation process.The fuctuation evaporation stage is divided into two stages:a strong fuctuation stage and a weak fluctuation stage.After the micro-explosion,there is still a small amount of ethanol in the droplet.Due to the surface tension of the droplet,a small amount of ethanol cannot make the droplet violently fuctuate.The results show that the earlier the droplet micro-explosion occurs,the more intense it is,and the shorter the lifetime of the droplet is.Different concentrations of ethanol have different improvements in droplet evaporation characteristics.Generally,the higher the ethanol concentration is,the shorter the lifetime of the droplet is.However,increasing the ethanol concentration from 20%to 30%has the most obvious effect on the lifetime of the droplet.

Green process to recover magnesium chloride from residue solution of potassium chloride production plant

The green process to recover magnesium chlor-ide from the residue solution of a potassium chloride pro-duction plant,which comes from the leach solution of a potash mine in Laos,is designed and optimized.The res-idue solution contains magnesium chloride above 25 wt-%,potassium chloride and sodium chloride together below 5 wt-%and a few other ions such as Br-,SO_(2)-4and Ca2+.The recovery process contains two steps:the previous impurity removal operation and the two-stage evapora-tion-cooling crystallization procedure to produce magnes-ium chloride.The crystallized impurity carnallite obtained from the first step is recycled to the potassium chloride plant to recover the potassium salt.The developed process is a zero discharge one and thus fulfills the requirements for green chemical industrial production.The produced magnesium chloride is up to industrial criteria.

Design and application of a novel coal-fired drum boiler using saline water in heavy oil recovery

In this paper,the design and operation of a novel coal-fired circulating fluidized bed(CFB)drum boiler that can generate superheated steam using saline water were introduced.The natural circulation water dynamics with a drum was adopted instead of the traditional once-through steam generator(OTSG)design,so that superheated steam can be generated for the better performance of the steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)technology in heavy oil recovery.The optimized staged evaporation method was proposed to further decrease the salinity of water in the clean water section of the boiler.The evaporating pipes of the salted water section were rearranged in the back pass of the boiler,where the heat load is low,to further improve the heat transfer safety.A CFB combustion technology was used for coal firing to achieve a uniform heat transfer condition with low heat flux.Pollutant control technologies were adopted to reduce pollutant emissions.Based on the field test,the recommended water standard for the coal-fired CFB drum boilers was determined.With the present technology,the treated recovery wastewater can be reused in steam-injection boilers to generate superheated steam.The engineering applications show that the boiler efficiency is higher than 90%,the blowdown rate is limited within 5.5%,and the superheat of steam can reach up to 30 K.Besides,the heavy oil recovery efficiency is significantly improved.Moreover,the pollutant emissions of SO2,NOV and dust are controlled within the ranges of 20-90 mg/(N·m^(3)),30-90 mg/(N·m^(3))and 2-10 mg/(N·m^(3))respectively.