Present and future of new systemic therapies for early and intermediate stages of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a high mortality neoplasm which usually appears on a cirrhotic liver.The therapeutic arsenal and subsequent prognostic outlook are intrinsically linked to the HCC stage at diagnosis.Notwithstanding the current deployment of treatments with curative intent(liver resection/local ablation and liver transplantation)in early and intermediate stages,a high rate of HCC recurrence persists,underscoring a pivotal clinical challenge.Emergent systemic therapies(ST),particularly immunotherapy,have demonstrate promising outcomes in terms of increase overall survival,but they are currently bound to the advanced stage of HCC.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature,encompassing studies up to March 10,2024,evaluating the impact of novel ST in the early and intermediate HCC stages,specially focusing on the findings of neoadjuvant and adjuvant regimens,aimed at increasing significantly overall survival and recurrence-free survival after a treatment with curative intent.We also investigate the potential role of ST in enhancing the downstaging rate for the intermediate-stage HCC initially deemed ineligible for treatment with curative intent.Finally,we critically discuss about the current relevance of the results of these studies and the encouraging future implications of ST in the treatment schedules of early and intermediate HCC stages.

Single-cell profiling of the pig cecum at various developmental stages

The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding of cellular diversity,functional heterogeneity,and their importance in intestinal tract development and disease.Although such profiling has been extensively conducted in humans and mice,the single-cell gene expression landscape of the pig cecum remains unexplored.Here,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 45572 cells obtained from seven cecal samples in pigs at four different developmental stages(days(D)30,42,150,and 730).Analysis revealed 12 major cell types and 38 subtypes,as well as their distinctive genes,transcription factors,and regulons,many of which were conserved in humans.An increase in the relative proportions of CD8^(+)T and Granzyme A(low expression)natural killer T cells(GZMA^(low)NKT)cells and a decrease in the relative proportions of epithelial stem cells,Tregs,RHEX^(+)T cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)were noted across the developmental stages.Moreover,the post-weaning period exhibited an up-regulation in mitochondrial genes,COX2 and ND2,as well as genes involved in immune activation in multiple cell types.Cell-cell crosstalk analysis indicated that IBP6^(+)fibroblasts were the main signal senders at D30,whereas IBP6^(−)fibroblasts assumed this role at the other stages.NKT cells established interactions with epithelial cells and IBP6^(+)fibroblasts in the D730 cecum through mediation of GZMA-F2RL1/F2RL2 pairs.This study provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity and function in the pig cecum at different development stages.

Lymph node dissection does not affect the survival of patients with tumor node metastasis stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND The effect of the number of lymph node dissections(LNDs)during radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)on overall survival(OS)remains controver-sial.AIM To investigate the association between the number of LNDs and OS in patients with tumor node metastasis(TNM)stage Ⅰ–Ⅱ CRC undergoing radical resection.METHODS Patients who underwent radical resection for CRC at a single-center hospital between January 2011 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of OS at different T stages.RESULTS A total of 2850 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection for CRC were enrolled.At stage T1,age[P<0.01,hazard ratio(HR)=1.075,95%confidence interval(CI):1.019-1.134]and tumour size(P=0.021,HR=3.635,95%CI:1.210-10.917)were independent risk factors for OS.At stage T2,age(P<0.01,HR=1.064,95%CI:1.032-1.098)and overall complications(P=0.012,HR=2.297,95%CI:1.200-4.397)were independent risk factors for OS.At stage T3,only age(P<0.01,HR=1.047,95%CI:1.027-1.066)was an independent risk factor for OS.At stage T4,age(P<0.01,HR=1.057,95%CI:1.039-1.075)and body mass index(P=0.034,HR=0.941,95%CI:0.890-0.995)were independent risk factors for OS.However,there was no association between LNDs and OS in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ.CONCLUSION The number of LDNs did not affect the survival of patients with TNM stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ CRC.Therefore,insufficient LNDs should not be a cause for alarm during the surgery.

Novel method for identifying the stages of discharge underwater based on impedance change characteristic

It is difficult to determine the discharge stages in a fixed time of repetitive discharge underwater due to the arc formation process being susceptible to external environmental influences. This paper proposes a novel underwater discharge stage identification method based on the Strong Tracking Filter(STF) and impedance change characteristics. The time-varying equivalent circuit model of the discharge underwater is established based on the plasma theory analysis of the impedance change characteristics and mechanism of the discharge process. The STF is used to reduce the randomness of the impedance of repeated discharges underwater, and then the universal identification resistance data is obtained. Based on the resistance variation characteristics of the discriminating resistance of the pre-breakdown, main, and oscillatory discharge stages, the threshold values for determining the discharge stage are obtained. These include the threshold values for the resistance variation rate(K) and the moment(t).Experimental and error analysis results demonstrate the efficacy of this innovative method in discharge stage determination, with a maximum mean square deviation of Scrless than 1.761.

Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis may play a critical role in early stages of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy(DR),as one of the most common and significant microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus(DM),continues to elude effective targeted treatment for vision loss despite ongoing enrichment of the understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms from perspectives such as inflammation and oxidative stress.Recent studies have indicated that characteristic neuroglial degeneration induced by DM occurs before the onset of apparent microvascular lesions.In order to comprehensively grasp the early-stage pathological changes of DR,the retinal neurovascular unit(NVU)will become a crucial focal point for future research into the occurrence and progression of DR.Based on existing evidence,ferroptosis,a form of cell death regulated by processes like ferritinophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy,mediates apoptosis in retinal NVU components,including pericytes and ganglion cells.Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related factors,including BECN1 and FABP4,may serve as both biomarkers for DR occurrence and development and potentially crucial targets for future effective DR treatments.The aforementioned findings present novel perspectives for comprehending the mechanisms underlying the early-stage pathological alterations in DR and open up innovative avenues for investigating supplementary therapeutic strategies.

Nutritional Composition and Distribution of Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.at Different Growth Stages

Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.(HD)with high edible and medicinal values is distributed in Northeast Asia.To provide a reference for selecting appropriate parts and periods to harvest HD,the nutrient contents in different parts of HD at three growth stages were determined.The nutrients being determined are essential nutrients closely related to human needs,and the crude protein content of HD was 3.58‒28.43 g•100 g^(-1)DW(dry weight),sugar content was 2.33‒30.92 g•100 g^(-1)DW,and soluble dietary fiber content was 9.71‒26.09 g•100 g^(-1)DW.Crude protein was mainly distributed in leaf blades and inflorescences,sugar was primarily found in roots,and dietary fiber was predominantly located in leaves.From the leaf development stage to the flowering stage and then to the late seed harvest stage,the content of moisture,crude protein and soluble sugar first decreased and then increased.In contrast,the content of dietary fiber and crude fat first increased and then decreased.

Design,modeling and control of high-bandwidth nano-positioning stages for ultra-precise measurement and manufacturing:a survey

High-bandwidth nano-positioning stages(NPSs)have boosted the advancement of modern ultra-precise,ultra-fast measurement and manufacturing technologies owing to their fast dynamic response,high stiffness and nanoscale resolution.However,the nonlinear actuation,lightly damped resonance and multi-axis cross-coupling effect bring significant challenges to the design,modeling and control of high-bandwidth NPSs.Consequently,numerous advanced works have been reported over the past decades to address these challenges.Here,this article provides a comprehensive review of high-bandwidth NPSs,which covers four representative aspects including mechanical design,system modeling,parameters optimization and high-bandwidth motion control.Besides,representative high-bandwidth NPSs applied to atomic force microscope and fast tool servo are highlighted.By providing an extensive overview of the design procedure for high-bandwidth NPSs,this review aims to offer a systemic solution for achieving operation with high speed,high accuracy and high resolution.Furthermore,remaining difficulties along with future developments in this fields are concluded and discussed.

Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen in Rubber Plantations Soil at Different Age Stages in the Western Region of Hainan Island

[Objective]The aim was to study on the characteristics of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in rubber （Hevea brasiliensis Muell-Arg） plantations at different age stages in the western region of Hainan Island,so as to evaluate the ecological benefits of rubber plantations and provide basic data for studying the effect of tropical land utilization/cover change on the global carbon and nitrogen cycle. [Method]The situs was in Danzhou city,western region of Hainan Island,and the samples were four kinds of rubber plantations soil at different ages and one kind of control check （pepper,Piper nigrum L.） soil. In this research,four quadrats were set up in each sample,and the size of each was 20 cm×20 cm. Four specimens were gathered from four layers of 0-15,15-30,30-45,45-60,and the average of them was the last analysis result of each sample. Soil density was measured by cutting ring method,soil containing and hygroscopic water was detected by oven drying method,soil organic carbon （SOC） was measured by low temperature heated outside potassium dichromate oxidation-colorimetry method,and soil total nitrogen （STN） was detected by semimicro Kjeldahl method. [Result]SOC contents of different layers in rubber plantations soil at different age stages （including the CK pepper soil,the same as below） varied little,and the content of SOC in surface layer （0-15 cm） was higher,while the underlayer （45-60 cm） was lower than the average value; there was significant difference in SOC content among different kinds of soil,and the content was of 6.03-7.78 g/kg,tapping young trees （7 years） CK pepper mature age trees （30 years） prophase of young trees （2 years） tapping trees （16 years）; there was no significant difference in SOC storage among different kinds of soil,and the storage was of 61.33-74.29 t/hm2,mature age trees （30 years） tapping young trees （7 years） prophase of young trees （2 years） CK pepper tapping trees （16 years）; there was significant difference in STN content among rubber plantations soil at different age stages,the content was of 410.86-664.14 mg/kg2,CK pepper tapping young trees （7 years） prophase of young trees （2 years） mature age trees （30 years） tapping trees （16 years）,and STN content of tapping trees （16 years） soil was extremely lowest; there was significant difference in C/N ratio among different kinds of soil,the ratio was of 10.94-14.47,and the ratio of tapping trees （16 years） mature age trees （30 years） tapping young trees （7 years） CK pepper prophase of young trees （2 years）. [Conclusion]There wasn＇t unhealthy effect of rubber trees planted in tropical area on the content and storage of SOC,the content of STN and the ratio of C/N. there was no significant difference between rubber plantations and CK pepper soil,and the effects of rubber plantation on soil carbon-nitrogen was similar to that of other tropical crops （such as pepper）.

Effects of Short-term High Temperature Stress on the Photosynthesis of Potato in Different Growth Stages

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of short-term high temperature stress on the photosynthesis of potato in different growth stages. [Method] Choosing powder potato named Longshu No.3 widely cultivated in Ningxia as test material,the changes of stomata conductance （Gs）,transpiration rate （Tr） and CO2 concentration difference between internal and external leaf chamber,net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and photosynthetic water use efficiency （WUE） in different growth stages under short-term high temperature were analyzed. [Result] During seedling stage,the hysteretic nature of net photosynthetic rate and CO2 concentration difference between internal and external leaf chamber of potato could be found under high temperature stress,while the change trends of stomata conductance and transpiration rate under high temperature stress were consistent to that at normal temperature,but stomata conductance and transpiration rate were higher than those at normal temperature,and CO2 concentration difference between internal and external leaf chamber affected net photosynthetic rate most obviously. During branching stage,the change trends of net photosynthetic rate,CO2 concentration difference between internal and external leaf chamber,stomata conductance and transpiration rate under high temperature stress and normal temperature were similar,but they changed abruptly and reached peak value at noon under high temperature stress,while there existed consistent variation of water use efficiency under high temperature stress and at normal temperature,and CO2 concentration difference between internal and external leaf chamber also affected net photosynthetic rate most greatly,next came transpiration rate. [Conclusion] High temperature stress affected the photosynthesis of potato in different growth stages,and it was more obvious during branching stage than seedling stage,while CO2 concentration difference between internal and external leaf chamber had the most important influence on net photosynthetic rate.

Effects of Waterlogging in Different Growth Stages on Nitrogen Uptake, Distribution, and Utilization of Cotton

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of waterlogging in different growth stages on nitrogen （N） uptake, distribution, and utilization of cotton. [Method] A pool-culture experiment in field was conducted to investigate the effects of wateriogging through comparing WL1 （waterlogging at peak squaring stage） and WL2 （waterlogging at flowering and boll-forming stage） treatments with their controls respectively. [Result] The results showed that the effect of WL1 on N uptake of cotton root was stronger than WL2. At 20 days （d） after WL1 treatment, the root biomass （RB）, N uptake （NU）, and N uptake rate （NUR） significantly decreased by 38.1%, 48.6%, and 53.0% respectively. At 20 d after WL2 treatment, the RB, NU, and NUR significantly decreased by 27.3%, 46.0%, and 44.8% respectively. More N was distributed to root and leaf after WL1 treatment, and to square, flower, and boll after WL2 treatment. N physiological use efficiency increased by 11.4% and 44.4% after WL1 and WL2 treatments respectively. Further analysis showed that the effects of WL1 on yield and its components of cotton were stronger than WL2. The boll number, boll weight, and lint yield per plant significantly reduced by 40.5%, 12.4%, and 49.5% after WL1 treatment, and significantly decreased by 23.1%, 6.9%, and 29.9% after WL2 treatment, respectively. [Conclusion] The negative effects of water- logging at peak squaring stage on N nutrition and yield of cotton were stronger than waterlogging at flowering and boll-forming stage, indicating that more attention should be paid to waterlogging at peak squaring stage and sound N management can improve cotton regrowth and reduce yield loss after waterlogging.

Histologic Classification of Thymoma and Its Relationship with Myasthenia Gravis and Clinical Stages of the Tumor

Objective： To investigate the relationship among the latest WHO classification of thymoma, myasthenia gravis （MG） and clinical stages. Methods： To review the pathological sections of 74 patients with thymoma from 1980-2004 using WHO classification （1999）, the statistical software was used to analyze the relationship among the WHO classification, MG and clinical stages. Results： （1） Two cases of type A, 23 cases of type AB, 4 cases of type B1, 27 cases of type B2, 16 cases of type B3 and 2 cases of type C were classified. Type B2 more likely accompanied MG （P〈0.05）, while none with MG occurred for type C. （2） One patient was in stage Ⅰ, 30 were in stage Ⅱ, 38 were in stage Ⅲ, and 5 were in stage Ⅳ. The latest histologic classification was significantly correlated with Masaoka stages （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The latest WHO classification was correlated with occurrence of MG and finely reflected clinical stage. It can also evaluate the prognosis of patients.

Improvement of pump-probe optical measurement technique using double moving stages

In order to improve the measurement precision and increase the reliability of the femtosecond laser transient thermoreflectance system, the relative optical path difference between pump and probe beams is prolonged, which can improve the fitting accuracy of the experimental data to the theoretical model. A modified experimental setup is devised with the pump path intercalated a moving stage identical to the one in the probe path, which extends the optical path difference of the probe beam relative to the pump beam from 4 to 8 ns. The measured results indicate that the uncertainty from the misalignment and divergence of both beams can be ignored when the last 4 ns experimental data are connected with those of the first 4 ns smoothly. The as-obtained thermal conductance of AI/Si and Cr/Si interfaces agrees well with the reported experimental values, which verifies the reliability of this modified version of this measurement.

Coagulation indices and fibrinogen degradation products as predictive biomarkers for tumor-node-metastasis staging and metastasis in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignancy with a substantial health burden and high mortality rate,despite advances in prevention,early detection,and treatment.Compared with the global average,Asia,notably China,reports disproportionately high GC incidences.The disease often progresses asymptoma-tically in the early stages,leading to delayed diagnosis and compromised out-comes.Thus,it is crucial to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and enhance treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality.METHODS Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 148 patients with GC treated at the Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital between December 2022 and December 2023.The associations of coagulation indices-partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen,fibrinogen degradation products(FDP),fasting blood glucose,and D-dimer(D-D)with TNM stage and distant metastasis were examined.RESULTS Prolongation of APTT,PT,and TT was significantly correlated with the GC TNM stage.Hence,abnormal coagulation system activation was closely related to disease progression.Elevated FDP and D-D were significantly associated with distant metastasis in GC(P<0.05),suggesting that increased fibrinolytic activity contributes to increased metastatic risk.CONCLUSION Our Results reveal coagulation indices,FDPs as GC biomarkers,reflecting abnormal coagulation/fibrinolysis,aiding disease progression,metastasis prediction,and helping clinicians assess thrombotic risk for early intervention and personalized treatment plans.

Descriptions of the Immature Stages of Three Species of the Tribe Ozophorini (Heteroptera:Lygaeidae:Rhyparochrominae) from China

Immature stages of 3 species of the tribe Ozophorini from China are described for the first time, they are Bryanellocoris orientalis Hidaka (3rd^5th instars), Primierus longispinus Zheng (4th^5th instars) and Vertomannus brevicollum Zheng (4th^5th instars). Abrief study on fine structure of pale spots on head, pronotum and abdomen of 5th instar nymph of Bryanellocoris orientalis Hidaka was also given.

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Dianjiang Peony at Different Growth Stages

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the nutritional characteristics of Dianjiang peony at different growth stages.[Method] The yield,nutrient content and nutrient uptake of Dianjiang peony at different growth stages and available nutrient content in soil were investigated by field survey and indoor chemical analysis.[Resuit] The results showed that biomass,leaf weight,tender stem weight and cortex moutan weight （yield） of 1-4 years old peony exhibited a significant quadratic regression relationship with the cultivation duration.The average content and uptake of 12 nutrients in leaves exhibited an overall order of Ca＞N＞K＞Mg＞S＞P＞Fe＞Mn＞ Zn＞Cu,which was consistent to that in tender stems.However,the average content and uptake of various nutrient elements in cortex moutan exhibited an overall order of N＞Ca＞K＞Mg＞P＞S＞Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn,which was different from that in leaves and tender stems.In addition,the average content and uptake of various nutrient elements in petioles exhibited an overall order of Ca＞K＞N＞Mg＞S＞P＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu.The content of organic matter in soil of Dianjiang peony at different growth stages varied greatly; to be specific,contents of N,S,Mn and Zn were higher.[Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for the production of high-quality and high-yield peony.

Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and 13 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their role in predicting lymph node metastasis

BACKGROUND One of the main characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is that it metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes frequently with a high degree of local invasiveness.A primary feature of malignant tumors is their penetration of neighboring tissues,such as lymphatic and blood arteries,due to the tumor cells'capacity to break down the extracellular matrix(ECM).Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)constitute a family of proteolytic enzymes that facilitate tissue remodeling and the degradation of the ECM.MMP-9 and MMP-13 belong to the group of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and their expression has been studied in OSCC because of their specific functions.MMP-13,a collagenase family member,is thought to play an essential role in the MMP activation cascade by breaking down the fibrillar collagens,whereas MMP-9 is thought to accelerate the growth of tumors.Elevated MMP-13 expression has been associated with tumor behavior and patient prognosis in a number of malignant cases.AIM To assess the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in OSCC.METHODS A total of 40 cases with histologically confirmed OSCC by incisional biopsy were included in this cross-sectional retrospective study.The protocols for both MMP-9 and MMP-13 immunohistochemical staining were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations along with the normal gingival epithelium as a positive control.All the observations were recorded and Pearson’sχ²test with Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS Our study showed no significant correlation between MMP-9 and MMP-13 staining intensity and tumor size.The majority of the patients were in advanced TNM stages(III and IV),and showed intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13.CONCLUSION The present study suggests that both MMP-9 and MMP-13 play an important and independent role in OSCC progression and invasiveness.Intense expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13,irrespective of histological grade of OSCC,correlates well with TNM stage.Consequently,it is evident that MMP-9 and MMP-13 are important for the invasiveness and progression of tumors.The findings may facilitate the development of new approaches for evaluating lymph node metastases and interventional therapy techniques,hence enhancing the prognosis of patients diagnosed with OSCC.

Descriptions of Male and Immature Stages of Cryptococcus ulmi Tang et Hao (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) with Brief Notes on Its Biology

In this paper, the crawler, second instar female and male, prepupa, pupa and adult male of Cryptococcus ulmi are described and illustrated for the first time; adult female is redescribed; a key to all stages is given and the biology is briefly repor ted.

Mesozoic multi-direction collision tectonic evolution of the Ordos Basin, China: Insights from the detrital zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He analyses

The Ordos Basin(OB)in the western part of the North China Craton(NCC),was located at the jointed area of multi-plates and has recorded the Mesozoic tectonic characteristics.Its tectonic evolution in the Mesozoic is significant to understand the tectonic transformation of the northern margin of the NCC.In this work,the detrital zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He chronological system were analyzed in the northern part of the OB,and have provided new evidence for the regional tectonic evolution.The(U-Th)/He chronological data states the weighted ages of 240‒235 Ma,141 Ma with the peak distribution of 244 Ma,219 Ma,173 Ma,147‒132 Ma.The thermal evolution,geochronological data,and regional unconformities have proved four stages of regional tectonic evolution for the OB and its surroundings in the Mesozoic:(1)The Late Permian-Early Triassic;(2)the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic;(3)the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous;(4)the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene.It is indicated that the multi-directional convergence from the surrounding tectonic units has controlled the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the OB.Four-stage tectonic evolution reflected the activation or end of different plate movements and provided new time constraints for the regional tectonic evolution of the NCC in the Mesozoic.

Innovative approaches in predicting outcomes for rectal neuroendocrine tumors

Rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms pose significant challenges due to their varied presentations and prognoses.Traditional prognostic models,while useful,often fall short of accurately predicting clinical outcomes for these patients.This article discusses the development and implications of a novel prognostic tool,the GATIS score,which aims to enhance predictive accuracy and guide treatment strategies more effectively than current methods.Utilizing data from a large cohort and employing sophisticated statistical models,the GATIS score integrates clinical and pathological markers to provide a nuanced assessment of prognosis.We evaluate the potential of this score to transform clinical decision-making processes,its integration into current medical practices,and future directions for its develo-pment.The integration of genetic markers and other biomarkers could further refine its predictive power,highlighting the ongoing need for innovation in the management of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging provides accurate staging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but is less preferred by patients

BACKGROUND Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging(wbMRI)allows general assessment of systemic cancers including lymphomas without radiation burden.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of wbMRI in the staging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),determine the value of individual MRI sequences,and assess patients’concerns with wbMRI.METHODS In this single-center prospective study,adult patients newly diagnosed with systemic DLBCL underwent wbMRI on a 3T scanner[diffusion weighted images with background suppression(DWIBS),T2,short tau inversion recovery(STIR),contrast-enhanced T1]and fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)positron emission tomo-graphy/computed tomography(PET/CT)(reference standard).The involvement of 12 nodal regions and extranodal sites was evaluated on wbMRI and PET/CT.The utility of wbMRI sequences was rated on a five-point scale(0=not useful,4=very useful).Patients received a questionnaire regarding wbMRI.RESULTS Of 60 eligible patients,14(23%)were enrolled and completed the study.The sensitivity of wbMRI in the nodal involvement(182 nodal sites)was 0.84,with 0.99 specificity,positive predictive value of 0.96,negative predictive value of 0.97,and 0.97 accuracy.PET/CT and wbMRI were concordant both in extranodal involvement(13 instances)and staging(κ=1.0).The mean scores of the utility of MRI sequences were 3.71±0.73 for DWIBS,2.64±0.84 for T1,2.14±0.77 for STIR,and 1.29±0.73 for T2(P<0.0001).Patients were mostly concerned about the enclosed environment and duration of the MRI examination(27%of patients).CONCLUSION The wbMRI exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity in staging DLBCL.DWIBS and contrast-enhanced T1 were rated as the most useful sequences.Patients were less willing to undergo wbMRI as a second examination parallel to PET/CT,especially owing to the long duration and the enclosed environment.