Background:TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)staining is the most commonly used method in identifying and assessing cerebral infarct volumes in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model.Given that mic...Background:TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)staining is the most commonly used method in identifying and assessing cerebral infarct volumes in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model.Given that microglia exhibit different morphologies in different regions after ischemic stroke,we demonstrate the superiority and necessity of using TTC-stained brain tissue to analyze the expression of various proteins or genes in different regions based on microglia character.Methods:We compared brain tissue(left for 10 min on ice)from the improved TTC staining method with penumbra from the traditional sampling method.We identified the feasibility and necessity of the improved staining method using real time(RT)-PCR,Western blot,and immunofluorescence analysis.Results:There was no protein and RNA degradation in the TTC-stained brain tissue group.However,the TREM2 specifically expressed on the microglia showed a significant difference between two groups in the penumbra region.Conclusions:TTC-stained brain tissue can be used for molecular biology experiments without any restrictions.In addition,TTC-stained brain tissue shows greater superiority due to its precise positioning.展开更多
Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is frequently encountered in obstetric practice. Literature on the subject is still poorly documented in the African setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to ...Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is frequently encountered in obstetric practice. Literature on the subject is still poorly documented in the African setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes in case of meconium stained amniotic fluid observed during term labour. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study enrolling all consenting pregnant women with term singleton fetus in cephalic presentation admitted for labour with ruptured fetal membranes in the maternity units of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH) of Cameroon between December 2014 and April 2015. The exposed grouped was considered as participants having MSAF, while the non-exposed group comprised those with clear amniotic fluid (CAF). The two groups were monitored during labor using the WHO partograph, and then followed up till 72 hours after delivery. Variables studied included the colour and texture of amniotic fluid as well as maternal and fetal complications. Data was analyzed using Epi-info version 3.5.4. The chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests were appropriately used to compare the two groups. A p-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant. Results: 2376 vaginal deliveries were recorded during the study period among which MSAF was observed in 265 cases, hence a prevalence rate of MSAF of 11.15%. Among these cases of MSAF, 52.1% was thick meconium and 47.9% was light meconium. Maternal morbidity was high in the group with MSAF;these included: Higher proportions of caesarean delivery (RR = 2.35 p -4) and prolonged labor (RR = 3 p -4). In this same group, the incidences of chorioamnionitis and puerperal sepsis were low (0.94% and 0.70% respectively), although there was a three-fold higher risk that was not statistically significant (RR = 3, P = 0.31). Fetal and neonatal outcomes were poorer in the MSAF group compared to the CAF group. The complications included fetal heart rate abnormalities, low Apgar score at the 5th minute, need for neonatal resuscitation, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal infection which were significantly higher in the MSAF group (all p < 0.05). Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) was found in 2.34% of MSAF cases. Perinatal mortality was 2.34% and all cases of death occurred in the thick MSAF group. Conclusion: MSAF observed during labour is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Its detection during labor should strongly indicate very rigorous intra partum and postpartum monitoring. This will ensure optimal management and reduction in the risks of complications.展开更多
We explored the discoloration of rattan cane using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). XPS analysis showed that after the cane was stained by Lasiodiplodia theobrom...We explored the discoloration of rattan cane using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). XPS analysis showed that after the cane was stained by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, carbon and oxygen elements and the ratio of oxygen to carbon decreased. Considering atomic binding,C_1 and C_4 contents increased, while C_2 and C_3 contents decreased, and the ratio of O_2 to O_1 decreased sharply. The relative contents of lignin, cellulose and polysaccharides increased and new substances with low O_2/O_1 ratio occurred. FTIR analysis showed that the absorption peaks of O–H at 3346 cm^(-1), aliphatic C–H at 2921, 2853 and1464 cm^(-1), and C=O at 1723 cm^(-1), were characteristic peaks of fungal melanin intensified, indicating that cane discoloration was primarily caused by fungal melanin. The absorption peaks characterizing cellulose and lignin like polysaccharides at 800 cm^(-1), C–H at 1374 cm^(-1), C–O at1058 and 1038 cm^(-1), phenolic hydroxyl at 1245 cm^(-1),aromatic ether bonds at 1270 cm^(-1), carbon skeleton at1608 cm^(-1) and benzene ring at 1500 cm^(-1) were enhanced since the fungus mainly consumed the extractives in cane cell lumens and the main composition content increased relatively. Regardless of the discoloration caused by natural fungi or inoculated fungi, the discoloring feature and composition changes were identical except that the fungusinoculated cane had more melanin.展开更多
[ Objective ] In order to observe the morphological structure of Taenia solium and improve the dyeing method of Taenia solium. [ Method ] Taenia soli- um was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method and obs...[ Objective ] In order to observe the morphological structure of Taenia solium and improve the dyeing method of Taenia solium. [ Method ] Taenia soli- um was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method and observed under microscope. Taenia solium specimens with clear structure and bright color were made. [ Results] Male reproductive system and excretory system of Taenia solium segment could be observed under the optical microscope, structures of uterus and eggs in Taenia solium gravid proglottid could also be observed. [ Conclusion] Aiming at providing a reference for the identification of Taenia solium and the diagnosis of the tapeworm disease.展开更多
Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy(V-PDT)is an effective treatment for port wine stains(PWS).However,repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes,possibly due to the limited treatment...Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy(V-PDT)is an effective treatment for port wine stains(PWS).However,repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes,possibly due to the limited treatment light penetration depth in the PWS lesion.The optical clearing technique can increase light penetration in depth by reducing light scattering.This study aimed to investigate the V-PDT in combination with an optical clearing agent(OCA)for the therapeutic enhancement of V-PDT in the rodent skinfold window chamber model.Vascular responses were closely monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI),optical coherence tomography angiography,and stereo microscope before,during,and after the treatment.We further quantitatively demonstrated the effects of V-PDT in combination with OCA on the blood flow and blood vessel size of skin microvasculature.The combination of OCA and V-PDT resulted in significant vascular damage,including vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow.Our results indicate the promising potential of OCA for enhancing V-PDT for treating vascular-related diseases,including PWS.展开更多
The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response ...The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response to Al toxicity in five transgenic miniature dwarf tomatoes cv. Micro-Tom (MT). MT and MT transgenics to acid indole acetic, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing different Al concentrations. Root growth elongation was measured and cellular damage was visualized by staining Evans’s blue. The GUS reporter gene staining technique was used to visualize hormonal changes in MT apex root tissues. Data indicated that the MT is sensitive to Al that induced significant growth inhibition and cellular damage. Al concentration of 27 μM was significantly toxic, inducing root apex darkening and inhibition of root development. The qualitative evaluation of GUS reporter gene expression showed intense crosstalk among all hormones studied, underscoring the complexity of signaling induced by Al in apex roots. Results point out to a major understanding of the hormonal signaling in response to Al toxicity, which may induce a change of root growth and architecture with growth inhibition and cell constraints modulated by all different hormones evaluated.展开更多
The fluoroehrome DAPI(4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), possessing binding properties with adenine-thymine-rich DNA of various origins, characterized by its high specificity, sensitivity and simplicity has been used fo...The fluoroehrome DAPI(4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), possessing binding properties with adenine-thymine-rich DNA of various origins, characterized by its high specificity, sensitivity and simplicity has been used for the in situ studies of both cellular and extra-cellular DNA in various prokaryotie and enkaryotic organisms, but it has not yet been used in blue green algae. This note reports the observations on the variations of DNA in the differentiated cells of Anabaena azollae by means of DAPI staining.展开更多
Syzygium jambolanum is a promising natural treatment for diabetes.The potential benefits of S jambolanum for diabetes include lowering blood sugar levels,increasing insulin sensitivity,protecting pancreatic beta cells...Syzygium jambolanum is a promising natural treatment for diabetes.The potential benefits of S jambolanum for diabetes include lowering blood sugar levels,increasing insulin sensitivity,protecting pancreatic beta cells,and slowing the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream.The anti-diabetic activity of the crude extract of S jambolanum was evaluated in L6 myotubes and the lipid deposition in tissue was measured using Nile red Staining.Nile red staining confirmed that a considerable quantity of lipids had been deposited in the tissue treated with a crude extract of S jambolanum,comparable to the quantity of lipids deposited with a standard drug known as Rosiglitazone.This study analyzed the anti-diabetic activity of a crude extract of S jambolanum to understand its potential as a feedstock for extracting bioactive constituents to screen for bioactive molecules in the treatment of diabetes.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-...BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-1 activation could be involved in the pathophysiological process of DCM by promoting oxidative stress,the inflammatory response,apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis.AIM To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide in improving myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats,further clarified the protective effect of liraglutide on the heart,and provided a new option for the treatment of DCM.METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats aged 6 wk were randomly divided into two groups,a normal control group(n=10)and a model group(n=30),which were fed an ordinary diet and a high-sugar and high-fat diet,respectively.After successful modeling,the rats in the model group were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 4 wk and randomly divided into a model group and an intervention group(further divided into a high-dose group and a low-dose group).The rats were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 wk and then started drug intervention.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to detect fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles.Intact heart tissue was dissected,and its weight was used to calculate the heart weight index.Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium and the expression of PARP-1 in the heart by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight and heart weight index of rats in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal control group,and those in the intervention group were decreased compared with those in the model group,with a more obvious decrease observed in the high-dose group(P<0.05).In the model group,myocardial fibers were disordered,and inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis were observed.The cardiomyopathy of rats in the intervention group was improved to different degrees,the myocardial fibers were arranged neatly,and the myocardial cells were clearly striated;the improvement was more obvious in the high-dose group.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue of the model group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After liraglutide intervention,compared with the model group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue was decreased,and the reduction was more obvious in the high-dose group(P<0.05)but still higher than that in the normal control group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may improve myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of myocardial PARP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.展开更多
According to clinical statistics,the mortality of patients with early brainstem hemorrhage is high.In this study,we established rat models of brainstem hemorrhage by injecting type Ⅶ collagenase into the right basote...According to clinical statistics,the mortality of patients with early brainstem hemorrhage is high.In this study,we established rat models of brainstem hemorrhage by injecting type Ⅶ collagenase into the right basotegmental pontine and investigated the pathological changes of early brainstem hemorrhage using multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological methods.We found that brainstem hematoma gradually formed in the injured rats over the first 3 days and then reduced after 7 days.The edema that occurred was mainly of the vasogenic type.No complete myelin sheath structure was found around the focus of the brainstem hemorrhage.The integrity and continuity of nerve fibers gradually deteriorated over the first 7 days.Neuronal degeneration was mild in the first 3 days and then obviously aggravated on the 7^(th)day.Inflammatory cytokines,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factorαappeared on the 1st day after intracerebral hemorrhage,reached peak levels on the 3^(rd)day,and decreased from the 7^(th)day.Our findings show the characteristics of the progression of early brainstem hemorrhage.展开更多
BACKGROUND Invasive breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells(OGCs) is an extremely rare morphology of breast carcinomas.To the best of our knowledge,the most recent case report describing this rare pa...BACKGROUND Invasive breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells(OGCs) is an extremely rare morphology of breast carcinomas.To the best of our knowledge,the most recent case report describing this rare pathology was published six years ago.The mechanism controlling the development of this unique histological formation is still unknown.Further,the prognosis of patients with OGC involvement is also controversial.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 48-year-old woman,who presented to the outpatient department with a palpable,growing,painless mass in her left breast for about one year.Sonography and mammography revealed a 26.5 mm ×18.8 mm asymmetric,lobular mass with circumscribed margin and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System was category 4C.Sono-guided aspiration biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma.The patient underwent breast conserving surgery and was diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma with OGCs,grade Ⅱ,with intermediate grade of ductal carcinoma in situ(ER:80%,3+,PR:80%,3+,HER-2:negative,Ki 67:30%).Adjuvant chemotherapy and post-operation radiotherapy were initiated thereafter.CONCLUSION As a rare morphology of breast cancer,breast carcinoma with OGC occurs most often in relatively young women,has less lymph node involvement,and its occurrence is not racedependent.展开更多
Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of statins combined with trimetazidine on the regulation of inflammatory factors and the improvement of ventricular remodeling in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease...Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of statins combined with trimetazidine on the regulation of inflammatory factors and the improvement of ventricular remodeling in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease based on the inflammasomes/immune damage response theory.Methods:Using computer to search for EMbase,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,MEDLINE,PubMed,WanFang Data,CNKI,China Biomedical Document Service System(CBM),VIP database(VIP),9 databases in total.The search time limit is from the inception of the databases to June 7,2021.All reference documents included in the study were manually searched.According to the Cochrane systematic review method,the information on atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine and conventional treatment(antiplatelet,control blood pressure,diuresis,coronary artery dilation and other expectant treatments)contrast the use of trimetazidine or stains combined with expectant treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients in Chinese and English randomized controlled trials(RCT),and conduct the extraction and quality evaluation of the included literature data,using RevMan5.4 software for Meta analysis.Outcome indicators include inflammatory factors:C-reactive protein(CRP),IL-6(interleukin 6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),and ventricular remodeling related outcome indicators:left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left Ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD).Results:12 randomized controlled trials were included,a total of 1120 patients with coronary heart disease.Meta-analysis results:(1)inflammatory factors:the statin combined with trimetazidine group can significantly reduce the CRP,IL-6,TNF-α’s expression degree in the blood of patients with coronary heart disease compared with the control group(only statins or trimetazidine).CRP[n=770,SMD=-2.70,95%CI(-2.55,-1.40),P<-0.00001],TNF-α[n=678,SMD=-2.25,95%CI(-3.39,-1.12),P<-0.0001],IL-6[n=770,SMD=-2.10,95%CI(-3.10,-1.10),P<0.00001].(2)Ventricular remodeling:Compared with the control group(using statins or trimetazidine alone),the statin combined with trimetazidine group can significantly reduce the left ventricular end-systolic diameter of patients with coronary heart disease before treatment[n=626,SMD=-1.55,95%CI(-2.10,-0.99),P<-0.00001]and leftVentricular end diastolic diameter[n=626,SMD=-1.18,95%CI(-1.56,-0.80),P<-0.00001].Conclusion:Compared with the control group,statins combined with trimetazidine can significantly reduce the level of inflammatory factors based on the inflammasomes/immune injury response theory,and improve the ventricular remodeling in patients with coronary heart disease.展开更多
Stains are applied to impart contrast to the tissue and identify particular features of interest. However, the use of synthetic dyes as staining reagents has been associated with significant human health challenges an...Stains are applied to impart contrast to the tissue and identify particular features of interest. However, the use of synthetic dyes as staining reagents has been associated with significant human health challenges and pollution of the ecosystem. These developments have necessitated a shift towards using natural dyes that are eco-friendlier and readily available. We investigated the staining reaction patterns of teak tree leaves (Tectona grandis) dye extracts and explored their suitability as a cytoplasmic stain in micromorphological assessments. Dye extracts were prepared using acetone, methanol, and ethanol as solvents from air-dried (under shade) teak tree young leaves. The dye extracts were applied as a counterstain and evaluated against eosin in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bovine tissue sections at varying concentrations and different staining times. Teak tree leaves (Tectona grandis) dye extracts produced relatively varying staining intensities of reddish-brown cytoplasmic coloration when used on bovine tissue at different concentrations and staining times comparable to eosin and with blue-purple hematoxylin nuclear stain. The present study showed that Tectona grandis leaf dye extracts provide an excellent cytoplasmic staining pattern and can be used as an alternative counterstain in routine H&E staining techniques.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the spasticity of rat tail and the expression of dopamine receptor-1(DRD1)mRNA in the spinal cord after spinal cord injury(SCI)induced tail spasticity in rats.[Methods]Adult male Wistar rats...[Objectives]To investigate the spasticity of rat tail and the expression of dopamine receptor-1(DRD1)mRNA in the spinal cord after spinal cord injury(SCI)induced tail spasticity in rats.[Methods]Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into Sham group and SCI group.The second sacral spinal cord(S2)segment of SCI rats was completely transected.60 d after operation,the rat tail spasticity was scored,and then the spinal cord tissues below the level of S2 spinal cord transection were taken.The expression of DRD1 mRNA in the sacrococcygeal spinal cord was detected by qPCR.In addition,3 normal rats were used for DAR/neuronal nuclei(NeuN)and DRD1/choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)immunofluorescence staining to study the distribution of DRD1 in spinal cord and the properties of DRD1 positive cells.[Results]60 d after operation in SCI group,the tail spasticity of rats developed fully,and the symptoms of spasticity were typical.qPCR results showed that the expression of DRD1 mRNA in SCI group was significantly lower than that in Sham group(P<0.05).DRD1 was widely distributed in the dorsal horn,intermediate zone and ventral horn at the sacrococcygeal end of the rat spinal cord.[Conclusions]The decrease of DRD1 mRNA expression after SCI may be related to the occurrence and development of spasticity.展开更多
Port-wine stain(PWS)is a congenital capillary malformation that occurs in 0.3%–0.5%of newborns.The pulsed dye laser is the current gold standard treatment for PWS;however,its efficacy is poor.Photosensitizer photodyn...Port-wine stain(PWS)is a congenital capillary malformation that occurs in 0.3%–0.5%of newborns.The pulsed dye laser is the current gold standard treatment for PWS;however,its efficacy is poor.Photosensitizer photodynamic therapy(PDT)is considered a promising treatment for PWS.Here we provide a comprehensive overview of PDT.展开更多
Background: In Gabon, the epidemiology of tuberculosis has been considerably reshaped by the AIDS virus. It is in this context that the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis an...Background: In Gabon, the epidemiology of tuberculosis has been considerably reshaped by the AIDS virus. It is in this context that the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among patients at the Amissa Bongo Regional Hospital in Franceville, Gabon. Patients and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the biomedical analysis laboratory of the Amissa Bongo Regional University Hospital in Franceville from 19 June 2021 to 22 January 2022. After agreeing to take part in the study, participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire to collect their socio-demographic data and habits. Clinical signs were also observed. Sputum and gastric fluid samples were collected and examined using the Xpert MTB/RIF test and BAAR smear microscopy. Data were analysed using R software version 3.6.1. The results of the univariate and multivariate analyses were considered significant for p ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 309 patients were included in this study, 50.81% (n = 157) men and 49.19% (n = 152) women. Of these, 98 had a positive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, giving an overall prevalence rate of 31.72%. There were 40 women or 40.82% (95% CI: [0.30 - 0.51]) and 58 men or 59.18% (95% CI: [0.48 - 0.69]). A univariate analysis of the prevalence of tuberculosis according to risk factors and clinical signs indicated a certain association between certain variables. However, an in-depth multivariate logistic regression analysis of this prevalence, according to the risk factors and clinical signs observed in the patients in the study, indicated that the age group 15 and 49 years (Adjusted OR = 47.77;95% CI: [4.4;519.7] p = 0.001*), fever (Adjusted OR = 4.83;95% CI: [1.16, 20.12] p = 0.031*), alcohol consumption (Adjusted OR = 12.2;95% CI: 12.2 [2.5;5.9] p = 0. 002*), smoking (Adjusted OR = 9.83;95% CI: [1.78;54.24] p = 0.037), HIV infection (Adjusted OR = 4.63;95% CI: [1.25;17.1] p = 0.022), cough (Adjusted OR = 4.31;95% CI: [1.21, 15.4] p = 0. 025*), chest pain (Adjusted OR = 103.6;95% CI: [19.4;55.2] p = 0.000), night sweating cough (Adjusted OR = 10.84;95% CI: [3.18;36.98] p = 0.000*) were significant risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was greatest among males in Franceville and the surrounding area. The 15 - 49 age group, fever, alcohol consumption, smoking, HIV infection, chest pain, night sweats and cough were significant risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Consequently, screening for tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients, public awareness and community mobilisation should be encouraged.展开更多
Introduction: This study aimed to perform routine seminal fluid analysis, sperm DNA fragmentation, and sperm function tests at the chromatin maturation level and evaluate pregnancy in the patients passing intrauterine...Introduction: This study aimed to perform routine seminal fluid analysis, sperm DNA fragmentation, and sperm function tests at the chromatin maturation level and evaluate pregnancy in the patients passing intrauterine insemination before starting Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) method. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 111 couples who underwent Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) in unexplained infertility patients were admitted to Al-Farah IVF and assisted reproductive center in Baghdad, Iraq between November 2020 and February 2021 were evaluated. Semen fluid analysis was performed based on (WHO 4th) guiding rules. In addition, Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (halo test) and sperm maturation were performed with Aniline Blue Stain (ABS). Results: Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) groups were compared in terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be above in the normal SCD groups (p = 0.0005). In addition, Aniline Blue Stain (ABS) groups were compared in the terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be higher in the normal ABS group (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Our study showed that the use of DNA fragmentation (SCD) and sperm maturation tests (ABS) together with routine semen analysis in intrauterine insemination cases will make a significant contribution to the prediction of Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) increased results. So, these results indicate a defect in the effect of DNA fragmentation on the outcome of intrauterine insemination.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81730031 to lili and 82001395 to yingwei wangthe Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty,Grant/Award Number:shslczdzk06901 to yingwei wang。
文摘Background:TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)staining is the most commonly used method in identifying and assessing cerebral infarct volumes in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model.Given that microglia exhibit different morphologies in different regions after ischemic stroke,we demonstrate the superiority and necessity of using TTC-stained brain tissue to analyze the expression of various proteins or genes in different regions based on microglia character.Methods:We compared brain tissue(left for 10 min on ice)from the improved TTC staining method with penumbra from the traditional sampling method.We identified the feasibility and necessity of the improved staining method using real time(RT)-PCR,Western blot,and immunofluorescence analysis.Results:There was no protein and RNA degradation in the TTC-stained brain tissue group.However,the TREM2 specifically expressed on the microglia showed a significant difference between two groups in the penumbra region.Conclusions:TTC-stained brain tissue can be used for molecular biology experiments without any restrictions.In addition,TTC-stained brain tissue shows greater superiority due to its precise positioning.
文摘Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is frequently encountered in obstetric practice. Literature on the subject is still poorly documented in the African setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes in case of meconium stained amniotic fluid observed during term labour. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study enrolling all consenting pregnant women with term singleton fetus in cephalic presentation admitted for labour with ruptured fetal membranes in the maternity units of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH) of Cameroon between December 2014 and April 2015. The exposed grouped was considered as participants having MSAF, while the non-exposed group comprised those with clear amniotic fluid (CAF). The two groups were monitored during labor using the WHO partograph, and then followed up till 72 hours after delivery. Variables studied included the colour and texture of amniotic fluid as well as maternal and fetal complications. Data was analyzed using Epi-info version 3.5.4. The chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests were appropriately used to compare the two groups. A p-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant. Results: 2376 vaginal deliveries were recorded during the study period among which MSAF was observed in 265 cases, hence a prevalence rate of MSAF of 11.15%. Among these cases of MSAF, 52.1% was thick meconium and 47.9% was light meconium. Maternal morbidity was high in the group with MSAF;these included: Higher proportions of caesarean delivery (RR = 2.35 p -4) and prolonged labor (RR = 3 p -4). In this same group, the incidences of chorioamnionitis and puerperal sepsis were low (0.94% and 0.70% respectively), although there was a three-fold higher risk that was not statistically significant (RR = 3, P = 0.31). Fetal and neonatal outcomes were poorer in the MSAF group compared to the CAF group. The complications included fetal heart rate abnormalities, low Apgar score at the 5th minute, need for neonatal resuscitation, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal infection which were significantly higher in the MSAF group (all p < 0.05). Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) was found in 2.34% of MSAF cases. Perinatal mortality was 2.34% and all cases of death occurred in the thick MSAF group. Conclusion: MSAF observed during labour is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Its detection during labor should strongly indicate very rigorous intra partum and postpartum monitoring. This will ensure optimal management and reduction in the risks of complications.
基金supported by the National Key Project of S&T Supporting Programs Funded by MOST of China during the 12th Five-year Plan(No.2012BAD23B0104)
文摘We explored the discoloration of rattan cane using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). XPS analysis showed that after the cane was stained by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, carbon and oxygen elements and the ratio of oxygen to carbon decreased. Considering atomic binding,C_1 and C_4 contents increased, while C_2 and C_3 contents decreased, and the ratio of O_2 to O_1 decreased sharply. The relative contents of lignin, cellulose and polysaccharides increased and new substances with low O_2/O_1 ratio occurred. FTIR analysis showed that the absorption peaks of O–H at 3346 cm^(-1), aliphatic C–H at 2921, 2853 and1464 cm^(-1), and C=O at 1723 cm^(-1), were characteristic peaks of fungal melanin intensified, indicating that cane discoloration was primarily caused by fungal melanin. The absorption peaks characterizing cellulose and lignin like polysaccharides at 800 cm^(-1), C–H at 1374 cm^(-1), C–O at1058 and 1038 cm^(-1), phenolic hydroxyl at 1245 cm^(-1),aromatic ether bonds at 1270 cm^(-1), carbon skeleton at1608 cm^(-1) and benzene ring at 1500 cm^(-1) were enhanced since the fungus mainly consumed the extractives in cane cell lumens and the main composition content increased relatively. Regardless of the discoloration caused by natural fungi or inoculated fungi, the discoloring feature and composition changes were identical except that the fungusinoculated cane had more melanin.
文摘[ Objective ] In order to observe the morphological structure of Taenia solium and improve the dyeing method of Taenia solium. [ Method ] Taenia soli- um was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method and observed under microscope. Taenia solium specimens with clear structure and bright color were made. [ Results] Male reproductive system and excretory system of Taenia solium segment could be observed under the optical microscope, structures of uterus and eggs in Taenia solium gravid proglottid could also be observed. [ Conclusion] Aiming at providing a reference for the identification of Taenia solium and the diagnosis of the tapeworm disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 62205025 and 61835015)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7222309)+2 种基金the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(2020WNLOKF025)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2019-I2M-5-061)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(XSQD-202123001).
文摘Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy(V-PDT)is an effective treatment for port wine stains(PWS).However,repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes,possibly due to the limited treatment light penetration depth in the PWS lesion.The optical clearing technique can increase light penetration in depth by reducing light scattering.This study aimed to investigate the V-PDT in combination with an optical clearing agent(OCA)for the therapeutic enhancement of V-PDT in the rodent skinfold window chamber model.Vascular responses were closely monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI),optical coherence tomography angiography,and stereo microscope before,during,and after the treatment.We further quantitatively demonstrated the effects of V-PDT in combination with OCA on the blood flow and blood vessel size of skin microvasculature.The combination of OCA and V-PDT resulted in significant vascular damage,including vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow.Our results indicate the promising potential of OCA for enhancing V-PDT for treating vascular-related diseases,including PWS.
文摘The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response to Al toxicity in five transgenic miniature dwarf tomatoes cv. Micro-Tom (MT). MT and MT transgenics to acid indole acetic, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing different Al concentrations. Root growth elongation was measured and cellular damage was visualized by staining Evans’s blue. The GUS reporter gene staining technique was used to visualize hormonal changes in MT apex root tissues. Data indicated that the MT is sensitive to Al that induced significant growth inhibition and cellular damage. Al concentration of 27 μM was significantly toxic, inducing root apex darkening and inhibition of root development. The qualitative evaluation of GUS reporter gene expression showed intense crosstalk among all hormones studied, underscoring the complexity of signaling induced by Al in apex roots. Results point out to a major understanding of the hormonal signaling in response to Al toxicity, which may induce a change of root growth and architecture with growth inhibition and cell constraints modulated by all different hormones evaluated.
文摘The fluoroehrome DAPI(4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), possessing binding properties with adenine-thymine-rich DNA of various origins, characterized by its high specificity, sensitivity and simplicity has been used for the in situ studies of both cellular and extra-cellular DNA in various prokaryotie and enkaryotic organisms, but it has not yet been used in blue green algae. This note reports the observations on the variations of DNA in the differentiated cells of Anabaena azollae by means of DAPI staining.
文摘Syzygium jambolanum is a promising natural treatment for diabetes.The potential benefits of S jambolanum for diabetes include lowering blood sugar levels,increasing insulin sensitivity,protecting pancreatic beta cells,and slowing the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream.The anti-diabetic activity of the crude extract of S jambolanum was evaluated in L6 myotubes and the lipid deposition in tissue was measured using Nile red Staining.Nile red staining confirmed that a considerable quantity of lipids had been deposited in the tissue treated with a crude extract of S jambolanum,comparable to the quantity of lipids deposited with a standard drug known as Rosiglitazone.This study analyzed the anti-diabetic activity of a crude extract of S jambolanum to understand its potential as a feedstock for extracting bioactive constituents to screen for bioactive molecules in the treatment of diabetes.
基金Supported by Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.201701D121159Shanxi Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission,No.2014016Health Commission of Shanxi Province,No.2019020.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,studies have found that the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is closely related to an increase in polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)activity.PARP-1 activation could be involved in the pathophysiological process of DCM by promoting oxidative stress,the inflammatory response,apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis.AIM To investigate the mechanism of liraglutide in improving myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats,further clarified the protective effect of liraglutide on the heart,and provided a new option for the treatment of DCM.METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats aged 6 wk were randomly divided into two groups,a normal control group(n=10)and a model group(n=30),which were fed an ordinary diet and a high-sugar and high-fat diet,respectively.After successful modeling,the rats in the model group were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 4 wk and randomly divided into a model group and an intervention group(further divided into a high-dose group and a low-dose group).The rats were fed a high-glucose and high-fat diet for 8 wk and then started drug intervention.Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta to detect fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles.Intact heart tissue was dissected,and its weight was used to calculate the heart weight index.Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium and the expression of PARP-1 in the heart by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The body weight and heart weight index of rats in the model group were significantly increased compared with those in the normal control group,and those in the intervention group were decreased compared with those in the model group,with a more obvious decrease observed in the high-dose group(P<0.05).In the model group,myocardial fibers were disordered,and inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis were observed.The cardiomyopathy of rats in the intervention group was improved to different degrees,the myocardial fibers were arranged neatly,and the myocardial cells were clearly striated;the improvement was more obvious in the high-dose group.Compared with the normal control group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue of the model group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After liraglutide intervention,compared with the model group,the expression of PARP-1 in myocardial tissue was decreased,and the reduction was more obvious in the high-dose group(P<0.05)but still higher than that in the normal control group.CONCLUSION Liraglutide may improve myocardial injury in type 2 diabetic rats by inhibiting the expression of myocardial PARP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 2020D01A13 (to CWW)Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau, No. 2019-YF05-00511-SN (to MT)1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Nos. ZY2016102 (to MT), and ZY2016203 (to CY)
文摘According to clinical statistics,the mortality of patients with early brainstem hemorrhage is high.In this study,we established rat models of brainstem hemorrhage by injecting type Ⅶ collagenase into the right basotegmental pontine and investigated the pathological changes of early brainstem hemorrhage using multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological methods.We found that brainstem hematoma gradually formed in the injured rats over the first 3 days and then reduced after 7 days.The edema that occurred was mainly of the vasogenic type.No complete myelin sheath structure was found around the focus of the brainstem hemorrhage.The integrity and continuity of nerve fibers gradually deteriorated over the first 7 days.Neuronal degeneration was mild in the first 3 days and then obviously aggravated on the 7^(th)day.Inflammatory cytokines,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factorαappeared on the 1st day after intracerebral hemorrhage,reached peak levels on the 3^(rd)day,and decreased from the 7^(th)day.Our findings show the characteristics of the progression of early brainstem hemorrhage.
文摘BACKGROUND Invasive breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells(OGCs) is an extremely rare morphology of breast carcinomas.To the best of our knowledge,the most recent case report describing this rare pathology was published six years ago.The mechanism controlling the development of this unique histological formation is still unknown.Further,the prognosis of patients with OGC involvement is also controversial.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 48-year-old woman,who presented to the outpatient department with a palpable,growing,painless mass in her left breast for about one year.Sonography and mammography revealed a 26.5 mm ×18.8 mm asymmetric,lobular mass with circumscribed margin and the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System was category 4C.Sono-guided aspiration biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma.The patient underwent breast conserving surgery and was diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma with OGCs,grade Ⅱ,with intermediate grade of ductal carcinoma in situ(ER:80%,3+,PR:80%,3+,HER-2:negative,Ki 67:30%).Adjuvant chemotherapy and post-operation radiotherapy were initiated thereafter.CONCLUSION As a rare morphology of breast cancer,breast carcinoma with OGC occurs most often in relatively young women,has less lymph node involvement,and its occurrence is not racedependent.
基金General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973686)National Key Research and Development Program Project(2019YFC0840608)。
文摘Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of statins combined with trimetazidine on the regulation of inflammatory factors and the improvement of ventricular remodeling in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease based on the inflammasomes/immune damage response theory.Methods:Using computer to search for EMbase,The Cochrane Library,Web of Science,MEDLINE,PubMed,WanFang Data,CNKI,China Biomedical Document Service System(CBM),VIP database(VIP),9 databases in total.The search time limit is from the inception of the databases to June 7,2021.All reference documents included in the study were manually searched.According to the Cochrane systematic review method,the information on atorvastatin combined with trimetazidine and conventional treatment(antiplatelet,control blood pressure,diuresis,coronary artery dilation and other expectant treatments)contrast the use of trimetazidine or stains combined with expectant treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients in Chinese and English randomized controlled trials(RCT),and conduct the extraction and quality evaluation of the included literature data,using RevMan5.4 software for Meta analysis.Outcome indicators include inflammatory factors:C-reactive protein(CRP),IL-6(interleukin 6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),and ventricular remodeling related outcome indicators:left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left Ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD).Results:12 randomized controlled trials were included,a total of 1120 patients with coronary heart disease.Meta-analysis results:(1)inflammatory factors:the statin combined with trimetazidine group can significantly reduce the CRP,IL-6,TNF-α’s expression degree in the blood of patients with coronary heart disease compared with the control group(only statins or trimetazidine).CRP[n=770,SMD=-2.70,95%CI(-2.55,-1.40),P<-0.00001],TNF-α[n=678,SMD=-2.25,95%CI(-3.39,-1.12),P<-0.0001],IL-6[n=770,SMD=-2.10,95%CI(-3.10,-1.10),P<0.00001].(2)Ventricular remodeling:Compared with the control group(using statins or trimetazidine alone),the statin combined with trimetazidine group can significantly reduce the left ventricular end-systolic diameter of patients with coronary heart disease before treatment[n=626,SMD=-1.55,95%CI(-2.10,-0.99),P<-0.00001]and leftVentricular end diastolic diameter[n=626,SMD=-1.18,95%CI(-1.56,-0.80),P<-0.00001].Conclusion:Compared with the control group,statins combined with trimetazidine can significantly reduce the level of inflammatory factors based on the inflammasomes/immune injury response theory,and improve the ventricular remodeling in patients with coronary heart disease.
文摘Stains are applied to impart contrast to the tissue and identify particular features of interest. However, the use of synthetic dyes as staining reagents has been associated with significant human health challenges and pollution of the ecosystem. These developments have necessitated a shift towards using natural dyes that are eco-friendlier and readily available. We investigated the staining reaction patterns of teak tree leaves (Tectona grandis) dye extracts and explored their suitability as a cytoplasmic stain in micromorphological assessments. Dye extracts were prepared using acetone, methanol, and ethanol as solvents from air-dried (under shade) teak tree young leaves. The dye extracts were applied as a counterstain and evaluated against eosin in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bovine tissue sections at varying concentrations and different staining times. Teak tree leaves (Tectona grandis) dye extracts produced relatively varying staining intensities of reddish-brown cytoplasmic coloration when used on bovine tissue at different concentrations and staining times comparable to eosin and with blue-purple hematoxylin nuclear stain. The present study showed that Tectona grandis leaf dye extracts provide an excellent cytoplasmic staining pattern and can be used as an alternative counterstain in routine H&E staining techniques.
基金Supported by Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81501080)Funding Project for Introducing Overseas Students in Hebei Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(C20190174)Construction of Chengde Biomedical Industry Research Institute(202205B086)。
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the spasticity of rat tail and the expression of dopamine receptor-1(DRD1)mRNA in the spinal cord after spinal cord injury(SCI)induced tail spasticity in rats.[Methods]Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into Sham group and SCI group.The second sacral spinal cord(S2)segment of SCI rats was completely transected.60 d after operation,the rat tail spasticity was scored,and then the spinal cord tissues below the level of S2 spinal cord transection were taken.The expression of DRD1 mRNA in the sacrococcygeal spinal cord was detected by qPCR.In addition,3 normal rats were used for DAR/neuronal nuclei(NeuN)and DRD1/choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)immunofluorescence staining to study the distribution of DRD1 in spinal cord and the properties of DRD1 positive cells.[Results]60 d after operation in SCI group,the tail spasticity of rats developed fully,and the symptoms of spasticity were typical.qPCR results showed that the expression of DRD1 mRNA in SCI group was significantly lower than that in Sham group(P<0.05).DRD1 was widely distributed in the dorsal horn,intermediate zone and ventral horn at the sacrococcygeal end of the rat spinal cord.[Conclusions]The decrease of DRD1 mRNA expression after SCI may be related to the occurrence and development of spasticity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.81971847)Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(grant no.YG2019QNB10)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty(grant no.shslczdzk00901)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(grant no.202240150)。
文摘Port-wine stain(PWS)is a congenital capillary malformation that occurs in 0.3%–0.5%of newborns.The pulsed dye laser is the current gold standard treatment for PWS;however,its efficacy is poor.Photosensitizer photodynamic therapy(PDT)is considered a promising treatment for PWS.Here we provide a comprehensive overview of PDT.
文摘Background: In Gabon, the epidemiology of tuberculosis has been considerably reshaped by the AIDS virus. It is in this context that the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among patients at the Amissa Bongo Regional Hospital in Franceville, Gabon. Patients and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the biomedical analysis laboratory of the Amissa Bongo Regional University Hospital in Franceville from 19 June 2021 to 22 January 2022. After agreeing to take part in the study, participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire to collect their socio-demographic data and habits. Clinical signs were also observed. Sputum and gastric fluid samples were collected and examined using the Xpert MTB/RIF test and BAAR smear microscopy. Data were analysed using R software version 3.6.1. The results of the univariate and multivariate analyses were considered significant for p ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 309 patients were included in this study, 50.81% (n = 157) men and 49.19% (n = 152) women. Of these, 98 had a positive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, giving an overall prevalence rate of 31.72%. There were 40 women or 40.82% (95% CI: [0.30 - 0.51]) and 58 men or 59.18% (95% CI: [0.48 - 0.69]). A univariate analysis of the prevalence of tuberculosis according to risk factors and clinical signs indicated a certain association between certain variables. However, an in-depth multivariate logistic regression analysis of this prevalence, according to the risk factors and clinical signs observed in the patients in the study, indicated that the age group 15 and 49 years (Adjusted OR = 47.77;95% CI: [4.4;519.7] p = 0.001*), fever (Adjusted OR = 4.83;95% CI: [1.16, 20.12] p = 0.031*), alcohol consumption (Adjusted OR = 12.2;95% CI: 12.2 [2.5;5.9] p = 0. 002*), smoking (Adjusted OR = 9.83;95% CI: [1.78;54.24] p = 0.037), HIV infection (Adjusted OR = 4.63;95% CI: [1.25;17.1] p = 0.022), cough (Adjusted OR = 4.31;95% CI: [1.21, 15.4] p = 0. 025*), chest pain (Adjusted OR = 103.6;95% CI: [19.4;55.2] p = 0.000), night sweating cough (Adjusted OR = 10.84;95% CI: [3.18;36.98] p = 0.000*) were significant risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was greatest among males in Franceville and the surrounding area. The 15 - 49 age group, fever, alcohol consumption, smoking, HIV infection, chest pain, night sweats and cough were significant risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis. Consequently, screening for tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients, public awareness and community mobilisation should be encouraged.
文摘Introduction: This study aimed to perform routine seminal fluid analysis, sperm DNA fragmentation, and sperm function tests at the chromatin maturation level and evaluate pregnancy in the patients passing intrauterine insemination before starting Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) method. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 111 couples who underwent Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) in unexplained infertility patients were admitted to Al-Farah IVF and assisted reproductive center in Baghdad, Iraq between November 2020 and February 2021 were evaluated. Semen fluid analysis was performed based on (WHO 4th) guiding rules. In addition, Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (halo test) and sperm maturation were performed with Aniline Blue Stain (ABS). Results: Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) groups were compared in terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be above in the normal SCD groups (p = 0.0005). In addition, Aniline Blue Stain (ABS) groups were compared in the terms of pregnancy outcome;the positive pregnancy rate was found to be higher in the normal ABS group (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Our study showed that the use of DNA fragmentation (SCD) and sperm maturation tests (ABS) together with routine semen analysis in intrauterine insemination cases will make a significant contribution to the prediction of Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) increased results. So, these results indicate a defect in the effect of DNA fragmentation on the outcome of intrauterine insemination.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700071 )Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Y2008D03 )Science and Technology Program of Qingdao City(08-1-27-jch)~~