How Egypt can attempt to revert back to its former glory OPTIMISTS who entertained thoughts that Egypt would revert to its former state of peace and tranquility after parliamentary elections must have been badly jolte...How Egypt can attempt to revert back to its former glory OPTIMISTS who entertained thoughts that Egypt would revert to its former state of peace and tranquility after parliamentary elections must have been badly jolted in early February.This is when a fairly innocuous event,a football match between two traditionally rival teams,ended with the death of over 70 people.How a sporting event can lead to such sectarian-motivated carnage underpins the deep-seated animosities unleashed after the January 25,2011 revo-展开更多
The reforms of China's financial system have significantly changed the country's financial sector. One noteworthy phenomenon is that many nonfinancial firms have obtained equity stakes in financial institution...The reforms of China's financial system have significantly changed the country's financial sector. One noteworthy phenomenon is that many nonfinancial firms have obtained equity stakes in financial institutions. This study investigates the motivations behind and economic consequences of this recent proliferation of investments in financial institutions by nonfinancial listed firms. We find that the motivations for holding equity stakes in financial institutions include alleviating the pressure of industry competition, reducing transaction costs, and diversification to reduce risk. These investments, however, have double-edged effects on the performance of the investing firms. While their investment income increases, their operating income and overall return on assets decrease, as the investment income cannot compensate for the decrease in other operating income. The investing firms' cost of debt also increases, their cash-holding decreases, and stock price performance does not improve after investing in financial institutions. These effects contrast with the enthusiasm nonfinancial listed firms have for investing in financial institutions. The empirical findings in this study can inform financial industry regulators and decision-makers in listed firms. We advise nonfinancial firms to be cautious when considering investing in financial institutions.展开更多
This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is t...This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is to comprehensively investigate prominent mechanisms’security features and vulnerabilities,emphasizing their security considerations,applications,challenges,and future directions.The existing literature offers valuable insights into various consensus mechanisms’strengths,limitations,and security vulnerabilities and their real-world applications.However,there remains a gap in synthesizing and analyzing this knowledge systematically.Addressing this gap would facilitate a structured approach to understanding consensus mechanisms’security and vulnerabilities comprehensively.The study adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and computer science standards and reviewed 3749 research papers from 2016 to 2024,excluding grey literature,resulting in 290 articles for descriptive analysis.The research highlights an increased focus on blockchain consensus security,energy efficiency,and hybrid mechanisms within 60%of research papers post-2019,identifying gaps in scalability,privacy,and interoperability for future exploration.By synthesizing the existing research and identifying the key trends,this SLR contributes to advancing the understanding of blockchain consensus mechanisms’security and guiding future research and structured innovation in blockchain systems and applications.展开更多
With Tehran clinging to its hard-line policy, experts are extremely cautious about the future of the Iranian nuclear issue Recent moves have once again high- lighted the complexity of the Iranian nuclear issue. In a m...With Tehran clinging to its hard-line policy, experts are extremely cautious about the future of the Iranian nuclear issue Recent moves have once again high- lighted the complexity of the Iranian nuclear issue. In a meeting in London on February 26,展开更多
The term "stakeholder," first used by U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick in a speech on U.S.-China relations last September, has since been frequently quoted and discussed as a buzzword in bilate...The term "stakeholder," first used by U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick in a speech on U.S.-China relations last September, has since been frequently quoted and discussed as a buzzword in bilateral relations. According to Wang Jianwei, a political science professor at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and a senior associate at the Shanghai Institute for American Studies, "stakeholder" was "mainly put forward as a demand upon China by the United States," which implies that China is no...展开更多
Following a welcome that included a 21-gun salute, Chinese President Hu Jintao delivered a clear message on the South Lawn of the White House on January 19. In the moderate
In the 21<sup>st</sup> Century, Food and Agricultural stakes are sinuously rushing in a difficult legible heading. Crossing a transitory phase period between Agriculture, Traditional, Urban and Modern, the...In the 21<sup>st</sup> Century, Food and Agricultural stakes are sinuously rushing in a difficult legible heading. Crossing a transitory phase period between Agriculture, Traditional, Urban and Modern, the affirmation of a conquering alimentary identity and Nationalist openings is confuse with an Extraordinary Demographic Period of human scale history. Millions of people are worried about the innovation of urban agriculture for food and health security. Food education at the confines of the world’s greatest stakes proves necessary, since the order oneself retreat combines with the passion of solidarity and social progress, advance in technology, facilitating our life at same time generating new threats for citizenship. In this Article, we propose another way of reading the heterogeneous world of yesterday, today and tomorrow. Not only for Historians but also by associating Scientific Relations of Social and Human Researchers. Such a step is necessary to endorse the word of reading, for comparism and review of an agriculture in full mutation. It also instigates by referring to History, Social force, Economic stakes and Diplomatic globalization food teste, intention and invention, which change with the everyday society. You will find out that analysis done in this article are sometime completely done events through original texts, assembled around the five fundamental notions: International Relations and Geopolitical Agriculture of yesterday;Yesterday Urban Economic Agriculture;Environmental and Food Climate Stakes, Science and Culture adapted to agriculture and food mutations.展开更多
先来看摘自一篇英语散文中的段落：地点哈瓦那,一个匈牙利人与倒卖雪茄的黑人烟贩子讨价还价。＂You’re crazy!＂cries the Hungarian in slightly accented English,taking one of the boxes from the trunk and waving it in Howard ...先来看摘自一篇英语散文中的段落：地点哈瓦那,一个匈牙利人与倒卖雪茄的黑人烟贩子讨价还价。＂You’re crazy!＂cries the Hungarian in slightly accented English,taking one of the boxes from the trunk and waving it in Howard Bingham’s face.＂These are Cohiba Esplendidos!The best in the world!You will pay one thousand dollars for a box like this in the States.＂展开更多
In the blockchain,the consensus mechanism plays a key role in maintaining the security and legitimation of contents recorded in the blocks.Various blockchain consensus mechanisms have been proposed.However,there is no...In the blockchain,the consensus mechanism plays a key role in maintaining the security and legitimation of contents recorded in the blocks.Various blockchain consensus mechanisms have been proposed.However,there is no technical analysis and comparison as a guideline to determine which type of consensus mechanism should be adopted in a specific scenario/application.To this end,this work investigates three mainstream consensus mechanisms in the blockchain,namely,Proof of Work(PoW),Proof of Stake(PoS),and Direct Acyclic Graph(DAG),and identifies their performances in terms of the average time to generate a new block,the confirmation delay,the Transaction Per Second(TPS)and the confirmation failure probability.The results show that the consensus process is affected by both network resource(computation power/coin age,buffer size)and network load conditions.In addition,it shows that PoW and PoS are more sensitive to the change of network resource while DAG is more sensitive to network load conditions.展开更多
On February 19,2012,WalMart Stores,Inc.disclosed its additional investment in Yihaodian,a fast-growing electronic commerce website in China,making Walmart’s total ownership stake in Yihaodian to reach approximately 5...On February 19,2012,WalMart Stores,Inc.disclosed its additional investment in Yihaodian,a fast-growing electronic commerce website in China,making Walmart’s total ownership stake in Yihaodian to reach approximately 51%.It was Wal-Mart’s second investment for the purpose展开更多
An Ethereum blockchain based on proof of stake ( PoS) consensus mechanism is used to achieve the data sharing within the civil aviation service platform for both airport group management and passengers. Considering th...An Ethereum blockchain based on proof of stake ( PoS) consensus mechanism is used to achieve the data sharing within the civil aviation service platform for both airport group management and passengers. Considering the Gas consumption of Ethereum, the dynamic batch-service capacity constraint by the Block Gas Limit and the priority mechanism depending on the different Gas Price of transactions, M/ G/1 queuing theory with batch-service is used to construct the service model of transactions confirmation process in the proposed blockchain system, where the effects of transactions arrival rate, block capacity, service rate and number of nodes on the average confirmation time of transactions with different priority are analyzed, and eventually a performance analysis model of blockchain for civil aviation business data is proposed. The simulation results prove the usability and accuracy of the model, which can provide both theoretical basis for data sharing of civil aviation using Ethereum blockchain and the further optimization of transactions confirmation time.展开更多
E-commerce is becoming a focus for retailers and brand owners.China is expected to become the world’s largest retail market by 2018,though its retail’s growth rate is slowing,as revealed in a recent report by PwC.Ch...E-commerce is becoming a focus for retailers and brand owners.China is expected to become the world’s largest retail market by 2018,though its retail’s growth rate is slowing,as revealed in a recent report by PwC.China retail’s growth rate has fallen from a peak of 15.6%in 2009,yet China remains irresistible to global retail chains.China is still expected to achieve average annual retail volume growth of 8.7%in the next two years.展开更多
In October 2013,Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed to establish Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank during his meeting with Indonesia President Susilo.It is comprehensive and complex economic and political situatio...In October 2013,Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed to establish Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank during his meeting with Indonesia President Susilo.It is comprehensive and complex economic and political situations that helps to bring about the establishment of AⅡB.展开更多
AWRITER once comparedSino-foreign cultural ex- changes to a lengthybridge across the oceans of theworld.The Beijing CPAA Cultur- al Entertainment Company,esta- blished in the spring of this year,undoubtedly comes to m...AWRITER once comparedSino-foreign cultural ex- changes to a lengthybridge across the oceans of theworld.The Beijing CPAA Cultur- al Entertainment Company,esta- blished in the spring of this year,undoubtedly comes to many peo- ple’s minds when contemplatingthis remark.The Beijing CPAA Cultural En- tertainment Company is a subsidi- ary of the China Performing ArtsAgency,directly under the Ministryof Culture.It is a self-managed statefirm specializing in international ex-展开更多
Between November 24 and 25,2015,the 4th Summit of China-Central-East Europe Leaders’Meeting was held in Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,which issued the Suzhou Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern...Between November 24 and 25,2015,the 4th Summit of China-Central-East Europe Leaders’Meeting was held in Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,which issued the Suzhou Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries and the Medium-Term Agenda for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries framing the develop-展开更多
一、What 有时相当于 just as。1.Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the painter厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不了画布一样。2.Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal叶之于植物犹如肺之于动物。二、what 与 wi...一、What 有时相当于 just as。1.Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the painter厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不了画布一样。2.Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal叶之于植物犹如肺之于动物。二、what 与 with 连用表示原因,与 by 连用表示方法或手段;展开更多
[问][159]如何使用 who 与 whoever?[答]who 与 whoever 均可用作连接代词,引导主语从句和宾语从句,whoever 是 who 的强势形式,由 who+ever 构成。如:1.Who robbed the bark is not clear.2.Whoever breaks the law will be punished....[问][159]如何使用 who 与 whoever?[答]who 与 whoever 均可用作连接代词,引导主语从句和宾语从句,whoever 是 who 的强势形式,由 who+ever 构成。如:1.Who robbed the bark is not clear.2.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.例1中 who 引导的主语从句所指的是“谁抢劫了银行”这件事;而 whoever=anyone who,any per-展开更多
Indeed,the continuing investment in high-stakes international tests-explored in‘Washback and impact'(59/2:2005)--and the development of The Common European Framework'(60/2:2006)can in part be characterized as...Indeed,the continuing investment in high-stakes international tests-explored in‘Washback and impact'(59/2:2005)--and the development of The Common European Framework'(60/2:2006)can in part be characterized as responses within ELT(and language education more generally)to globalization and increased population mobility.展开更多
文摘How Egypt can attempt to revert back to its former glory OPTIMISTS who entertained thoughts that Egypt would revert to its former state of peace and tranquility after parliamentary elections must have been badly jolted in early February.This is when a fairly innocuous event,a football match between two traditionally rival teams,ended with the death of over 70 people.How a sporting event can lead to such sectarian-motivated carnage underpins the deep-seated animosities unleashed after the January 25,2011 revo-
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos.:71372151 and 71272201)
文摘The reforms of China's financial system have significantly changed the country's financial sector. One noteworthy phenomenon is that many nonfinancial firms have obtained equity stakes in financial institutions. This study investigates the motivations behind and economic consequences of this recent proliferation of investments in financial institutions by nonfinancial listed firms. We find that the motivations for holding equity stakes in financial institutions include alleviating the pressure of industry competition, reducing transaction costs, and diversification to reduce risk. These investments, however, have double-edged effects on the performance of the investing firms. While their investment income increases, their operating income and overall return on assets decrease, as the investment income cannot compensate for the decrease in other operating income. The investing firms' cost of debt also increases, their cash-holding decreases, and stock price performance does not improve after investing in financial institutions. These effects contrast with the enthusiasm nonfinancial listed firms have for investing in financial institutions. The empirical findings in this study can inform financial industry regulators and decision-makers in listed firms. We advise nonfinancial firms to be cautious when considering investing in financial institutions.
基金funded by Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS and grants(YUTP-PRG:015PBC-011).
文摘This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is to comprehensively investigate prominent mechanisms’security features and vulnerabilities,emphasizing their security considerations,applications,challenges,and future directions.The existing literature offers valuable insights into various consensus mechanisms’strengths,limitations,and security vulnerabilities and their real-world applications.However,there remains a gap in synthesizing and analyzing this knowledge systematically.Addressing this gap would facilitate a structured approach to understanding consensus mechanisms’security and vulnerabilities comprehensively.The study adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and computer science standards and reviewed 3749 research papers from 2016 to 2024,excluding grey literature,resulting in 290 articles for descriptive analysis.The research highlights an increased focus on blockchain consensus security,energy efficiency,and hybrid mechanisms within 60%of research papers post-2019,identifying gaps in scalability,privacy,and interoperability for future exploration.By synthesizing the existing research and identifying the key trends,this SLR contributes to advancing the understanding of blockchain consensus mechanisms’security and guiding future research and structured innovation in blockchain systems and applications.
文摘With Tehran clinging to its hard-line policy, experts are extremely cautious about the future of the Iranian nuclear issue Recent moves have once again high- lighted the complexity of the Iranian nuclear issue. In a meeting in London on February 26,
文摘The term "stakeholder," first used by U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick in a speech on U.S.-China relations last September, has since been frequently quoted and discussed as a buzzword in bilateral relations. According to Wang Jianwei, a political science professor at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and a senior associate at the Shanghai Institute for American Studies, "stakeholder" was "mainly put forward as a demand upon China by the United States," which implies that China is no...
文摘Following a welcome that included a 21-gun salute, Chinese President Hu Jintao delivered a clear message on the South Lawn of the White House on January 19. In the moderate
文摘In the 21<sup>st</sup> Century, Food and Agricultural stakes are sinuously rushing in a difficult legible heading. Crossing a transitory phase period between Agriculture, Traditional, Urban and Modern, the affirmation of a conquering alimentary identity and Nationalist openings is confuse with an Extraordinary Demographic Period of human scale history. Millions of people are worried about the innovation of urban agriculture for food and health security. Food education at the confines of the world’s greatest stakes proves necessary, since the order oneself retreat combines with the passion of solidarity and social progress, advance in technology, facilitating our life at same time generating new threats for citizenship. In this Article, we propose another way of reading the heterogeneous world of yesterday, today and tomorrow. Not only for Historians but also by associating Scientific Relations of Social and Human Researchers. Such a step is necessary to endorse the word of reading, for comparism and review of an agriculture in full mutation. It also instigates by referring to History, Social force, Economic stakes and Diplomatic globalization food teste, intention and invention, which change with the everyday society. You will find out that analysis done in this article are sometime completely done events through original texts, assembled around the five fundamental notions: International Relations and Geopolitical Agriculture of yesterday;Yesterday Urban Economic Agriculture;Environmental and Food Climate Stakes, Science and Culture adapted to agriculture and food mutations.
文摘先来看摘自一篇英语散文中的段落：地点哈瓦那,一个匈牙利人与倒卖雪茄的黑人烟贩子讨价还价。＂You’re crazy!＂cries the Hungarian in slightly accented English,taking one of the boxes from the trunk and waving it in Howard Bingham’s face.＂These are Cohiba Esplendidos!The best in the world!You will pay one thousand dollars for a box like this in the States.＂
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61701059,Grant 61941114,and Grant 61831002,in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of New TeachersProject,in part by the Chongqing Technological Innovation and Application Development Projects under Grant cstc2019jscx-msxm1322,and in part by the Eighteentg Open Foundation of State Key Lab of Integrated Services Networks of Xidian University under Grant ISN20-05.
文摘In the blockchain,the consensus mechanism plays a key role in maintaining the security and legitimation of contents recorded in the blocks.Various blockchain consensus mechanisms have been proposed.However,there is no technical analysis and comparison as a guideline to determine which type of consensus mechanism should be adopted in a specific scenario/application.To this end,this work investigates three mainstream consensus mechanisms in the blockchain,namely,Proof of Work(PoW),Proof of Stake(PoS),and Direct Acyclic Graph(DAG),and identifies their performances in terms of the average time to generate a new block,the confirmation delay,the Transaction Per Second(TPS)and the confirmation failure probability.The results show that the consensus process is affected by both network resource(computation power/coin age,buffer size)and network load conditions.In addition,it shows that PoW and PoS are more sensitive to the change of network resource while DAG is more sensitive to network load conditions.
文摘On February 19,2012,WalMart Stores,Inc.disclosed its additional investment in Yihaodian,a fast-growing electronic commerce website in China,making Walmart’s total ownership stake in Yihaodian to reach approximately 51%.It was Wal-Mart’s second investment for the purpose
基金the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Airports Cluster Intelligent Operation(No.KLACIO201900006124)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61901011)+1 种基金Foundation of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(No.KM202010005017,KM202110005021)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L192002).
文摘An Ethereum blockchain based on proof of stake ( PoS) consensus mechanism is used to achieve the data sharing within the civil aviation service platform for both airport group management and passengers. Considering the Gas consumption of Ethereum, the dynamic batch-service capacity constraint by the Block Gas Limit and the priority mechanism depending on the different Gas Price of transactions, M/ G/1 queuing theory with batch-service is used to construct the service model of transactions confirmation process in the proposed blockchain system, where the effects of transactions arrival rate, block capacity, service rate and number of nodes on the average confirmation time of transactions with different priority are analyzed, and eventually a performance analysis model of blockchain for civil aviation business data is proposed. The simulation results prove the usability and accuracy of the model, which can provide both theoretical basis for data sharing of civil aviation using Ethereum blockchain and the further optimization of transactions confirmation time.
文摘E-commerce is becoming a focus for retailers and brand owners.China is expected to become the world’s largest retail market by 2018,though its retail’s growth rate is slowing,as revealed in a recent report by PwC.China retail’s growth rate has fallen from a peak of 15.6%in 2009,yet China remains irresistible to global retail chains.China is still expected to achieve average annual retail volume growth of 8.7%in the next two years.
文摘In October 2013,Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed to establish Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank during his meeting with Indonesia President Susilo.It is comprehensive and complex economic and political situations that helps to bring about the establishment of AⅡB.
文摘AWRITER once comparedSino-foreign cultural ex- changes to a lengthybridge across the oceans of theworld.The Beijing CPAA Cultur- al Entertainment Company,esta- blished in the spring of this year,undoubtedly comes to many peo- ple’s minds when contemplatingthis remark.The Beijing CPAA Cultural En- tertainment Company is a subsidi- ary of the China Performing ArtsAgency,directly under the Ministryof Culture.It is a self-managed statefirm specializing in international ex-
文摘Between November 24 and 25,2015,the 4th Summit of China-Central-East Europe Leaders’Meeting was held in Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,which issued the Suzhou Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries and the Medium-Term Agenda for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries framing the develop-
文摘一、What 有时相当于 just as。1.Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the painter厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不了画布一样。2.Leaves are to the plant what lungs are to the animal叶之于植物犹如肺之于动物。二、what 与 with 连用表示原因,与 by 连用表示方法或手段;
文摘[问][159]如何使用 who 与 whoever?[答]who 与 whoever 均可用作连接代词,引导主语从句和宾语从句,whoever 是 who 的强势形式,由 who+ever 构成。如:1.Who robbed the bark is not clear.2.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.例1中 who 引导的主语从句所指的是“谁抢劫了银行”这件事;而 whoever=anyone who,any per-
文摘Indeed,the continuing investment in high-stakes international tests-explored in‘Washback and impact'(59/2:2005)--and the development of The Common European Framework'(60/2:2006)can in part be characterized as responses within ELT(and language education more generally)to globalization and increased population mobility.
