Alpha-fetoprotein and 18F-FDG standard uptake value predict tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis:Preliminary experience

Background:Portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT)is regarded as a contraindication for liver transplantation(LT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,some of these patients may have a favorable prognosis after LT.In this study,we evaluated the biological behavior of HCC with PVTT using tumor biomarker(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)and 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography(tumor standard uptake value)to identify a subset of patients who may be suitable for LT.Methods:Seventy-five HCC-PVTT liver recipients transplanted during February 2016 and June 2018 were analyzed.Different pre-transplant prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.PVTT status was identified following Vp classification(Vp1-Vp4).Results:Three-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates were 40%and 65.4%in Vp2-Vp3 PVTT patients,21.4%and 30.6%in Vp4 PVTT patients(P<0.05).Total tumor diameter>8 cm,pretransplant AFP level>1000 ng/m L and intrahepatic tumor maximal standard uptake value(SUVmaxtumor>5)were independent risk factors for HCC recurrence and overall survival after LT in Vp2-3 PVTT patients.Low risk patients were defined as total tumor diameter≤8 cm;or if total tumor diameter more than 8 cm,with both pre-transplant AFP level less than 1000 ng/m L and intrahepatic tumor SUVmax less than 5,simultaneously.Twenty-two Vp2-3 PVTT HCC patients(46.8%)were identified as low risk patients,and their 3-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates were 67.6%and 95.2%,respectively.Conclusions:Patients with segmental or lobar PVTT and biologically favorable tumors defined by AFP and 18 F-FDG SUVmax might be suitable for LT.

Effect of Cu and Ni on Growth, Mineral Uptake,Photosynthesis and Enzyme Activities of Chlorella vulgaris at Different pH Values

A pH dependent reduction in growth, Pigment, ATP content, O,' evolution, carbonfixation, Photosynthetic electron transport system, nutrient uptake (NO,' and NH4+),nitrate reductase, and ATPase activities and increase in K+ emux of Chlorella vulgaris wasnoticed following supplementation of Cu and Ni to the culture medium. PS II was foundto be more sensitive to both pH and metals than PS I. Though, nitrate reductase (NR) wasmore sensitive to both PH and metals, the ATPase was however, more sensitive t0 metalsbut less sensitive to acidic pH. Acid PH was found to dst the nutrient (NO,' and NH4+)uptake and nitrate reductase in a non-competitive manner. The inhibition Pnduced by thetest metals alone was of noncompetitive type for NO3' uptake, nitrate reductase andATPase and competitive for NH'+ uptake. Acidity not only inhibited the metabolicvariables directly but also through facilitated uptake of metals and increased membranepermeability. A very low sensitivity of ATPase to acidic pH seems to be resgnsible forthe survival of algae in acid environment.

Prognostic Value of Semi-Quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT Parameters in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Objective:To assess the prognostic value of maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),and total lesion glycolysis(TLG)determined by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)imaging in Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients.Methods:A total of 148 Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients diagnosed with lymph node biopsy from October 2014 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed followed by categorizing into good(125 cases)and poor(23 cases)prognosis groups.The chi-squared test was used to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients with the semi-quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters;the Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between the semi-quantitative parameters and clinicopathological features of Hodgkin’s lymphoma;receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the semi-quantitative parameters for poor prognosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients.Results:Mean SUVmax,MTV,and TLG of the 148 cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma were 7.26±2.38,12.46±3.14 cm3,and 76.83±18.56 g,respectively.Significant variations in the Ann Arbor stage and clinical classification were observed with different levels of semi-quantitative parameters(P<0.05).The semi-quantitative parameters were not correlated with age and gender(P>0.05)but positively correlated with Ann Arbor stage and clinical classification(P<0.05).These parameters in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of SUVmax,MTV,and TLG in predicting the poor prognosis group was 0.881,0.875,and 0.838,with cut-off values of 7.264,12.898 cm3,and 74.580g,as well as specificity of 88.8%,84.0%,and 78.4%,and sensitivity of 87.0%,87.0%,and 78.3%,respectively;the AUC of the combined prediction was 0.986,with a specificity of 97.6%and sensitivity of 86.3%.Conclusion:The semi-quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters provide valuable insights for Hodgkin’s lymphoma prognosis assessment.

EUS FNA of Altered Left Adrenal Gland Morphology Suggests Amending CT and PET-CT Attenuation Threshold Values That Predict Malignancy

Introduction: In the setting of an extra-adrenal malignancy, it is a recognized clinical challenge to try and distinguish a benign adrenal mass from a metastatic deposit. Current non-invasive diagnostic tools for adrenal gland evaluation include CT, MRI, PET and PET-CT. Diagnostic interpretative error can occur as evaluations rarely have complete cytologic or histologic correlation for concordance purposes. Aims: To establish the performance characteristics of non-contrast CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units-HU) and the optimal PET-CT maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) for predicting adrenal malignancy when correlated with adrenal gland endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS FNA) cytology results. Methods: A prospectively maintained EUS database was reviewed to identify consecutive patients who underwent a left adrenal gland FNA. Non-contrast CT attenuation values and SUVmax scores were calculated. EUS FNA cytology results were used as the reference standard for determining the presence of benign versus malignant adrenal gland status. Results: Sixty-two patients (69 ± 11 years) underwent adrenal EUS FNA, 34 (54.8%) of whom had a clinically suspected or established extra-adrenal malignancy. Non-invasive imaging was suggestive of abnormal adrenal morphology or altered PET-CT FDG activity in 45 (72.6%) patients. Elevated attenuation values (≥10 HU) by non-enhanced CT had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 34.6%, respectively. The SUVmax for malignant altered morphology was significantly higher than that for benign lesions [(8.5 ± 3.1 vs 3.3 ± 0.7;(p = 0.0001)]. ROC curve analysis indicated that an optimum cutoff SUVmax of ≥4.1 (AUC 0.92) yielded the best power distinction for malignancy with a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 100%. Conclusion: When evaluating altered adrenal morphology by non-invasive methods, the performance characteristics of elevated CT attenuation values are suboptimal. But by adopting a SUVmax cut-off value of ≥4.1 could potentially improve such characteristics to detect malignancy.

Significance of incidental focal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in colon/rectum,thyroid,and prostate:With a brief literature review

BACKGROUND Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(F-18 FDG PET/CT),a functional imaging method,is usually performed on the entire torso,and regions of unexpected suspicious focal hypermetabolism are not infrequently observed.Among the regions,colon,thyroid,and prostate were found to be the common organs in a recent umbrella review.Some studies reported that a high rate of malignancy was shown in incidentally identified focal hypermetabolic regions and suggested that further examinations should not be ignored.AIM To investigate the malignancy rate of incidental focal FDG uptake,useful PET parameters and their cutoffs in discrimination between malignant and benign lesions.METHODS Retrospectively,the final reports of 16510 F-18 FDG PET/CT scans performed at our hospital between January 2016 and March 2022 were reviewed to identify incidentally observed FDG uptake in the colon/rectum,thyroid,and prostate.The scans of patients with current or prior malignancies at each corresponding location,without the final reports of histopathology or colonoscopy(for colon and rectum)for the corresponding hypermetabolic regions,or with diffuse(not focal)hypermetabolism were excluded.Finally,88 regions of focal colorectal hypermetabolism in 85 patients(48 men and 37 women with mean age 67.0±13.4 years and 63.4±15.8 years,respectively),48 focal thyroid uptakes in 48 patients(12 men and 36 women with mean age 62.2±13.1 years and 60.8±12.4 years,respectively),and 39 focal prostate uptakes in 39 patients(mean age 71.8±7.5 years)were eligible for this study.For those unexpected focal hypermetabolic regions,rates of malignancy were calculated,PET parameters,such as standardized uptake value(SUV),capable of distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions were investigated,and the cutoffs of those PET parameters were determined by plotting receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS In the colon and rectum,29.5%(26/88)were malignant and 33.0%(29/88)were premalignant lesions.Both SUVmax and SUVpeak differentiated malignant/premalignant from benign lesions,however,no parameters could distinguish malignant from premalignant lesions.Higher area under the curve was shown with SUVmax(0.752,95%CI:0.649-0.856,P<0.001)and the cutoff was 7.6.In the thyroid,60.4%(29/48)were malignant.The majority were well-differentiated thyroid cancers(89.7%,26/29).The results of BRAF mutation tests were available for 20 of the 26 welldifferentiated thyroid cancers and all 20 had the mutation.Solely SUVmax differentiated malignant from benign lesions and the cutoff was 6.9.In the prostate,56.4%(22/39)were malignant.Only SUVmax differentiated malignant from benign lesions and the cutoff was 3.8.Overall,among the 175 focal hypermetabolic regions,60.6%(106/175)were proven to be malignant and premalignant(in colon and rectum)lesions.CONCLUSION Approximately 60%of the incidentally observed focal F-18 FDG uptake in the colon/rectum,thyroid,and prostate were found to be malignant.Of the several PET parameters,SUVmax was superior to others in distinguishing between malignant/premalignant and benign lesions.Based on these findings,incidental focal hypermetabolism should not be ignored and lead physicians to conduct further investigations with greater confidence.

Assessment of incidental focal colorectal uptake by analysis of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography parameters

BACKGROUND Colon and rectal cancers are among the top five cancers worldwide in terms of their incidence and mortality rates.As the treatment options for cure include surgery even in specific advanced-stage cases,the early detection of lesions is important for applying active treatment methods.Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)is an established imaging study for many types of cancers;however,physiologic uptake in the gastrointestinal tract is a frequent finding and may interfere with lesion identification.Nevertheless,as unexpectedly observed focal colorectal F-18 FDG uptake may harbor malignant lesions,further examination must not be avoided.AIM To assess the clinical implications of unexpected focal colorectal F-18 FDG uptake by analyzing FDG PET parameters.METHODS A total of 15143 F-18 FDG PET/CT scans performed at our hospital between January 2016 and September 2021 were retrospectively reviewed to identify incidentally observed focal colorectal FDG uptake.Finally,83 regions showing focal colorectal FDG uptake with final histopathological reports from 80 patients(45 men and 35 women with mean ages of 66.9±10.7 years and 63.7±15.3 years,respectively)were eligible for inclusion in the present study.Each focal hypermetabolic colorectal region was classified as malignant,premalignant,or benign according to the histopathological report.PET parameters such as maximum and peak standardized uptake value(SUVmax and SUVpeak),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),mean SUV of the metabolic tumor volume(mSUVmtv),and total lesion glycolysis(TLG)were measured or calculated for the corresponding hypermetabolic regions.Parametric and nonparametric statistical comparisons of these parameters were performed among the three groups.Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to identify cut-off values.RESULTS The detection rate of incidental focal colorectal uptake was 0.53%(80/15,143).Of the 83 regions with unexpected focal colorectal hypermetabolism,28.9%(24/83)were malignant,32.5%(27/83)were premalignant,and 38.6%(32/83)were benign.Overall,61.4% of the regions had malignant or premalignant lesions.SUVmax,SUVpeak,and mSUVmtv differentiated malignant and/or premalignant lesions from benign lesions with statistical significance(P<0.05).mSUVmtv3.5 differentiated malignant from benign lesions,with the largest area under the curve(AUC)of 0.792 and a cut-off of 4.9.SUVmax showed the largest AUC of 0.758 with a cut-off value of 7.5 for distinguishing between premalignant and benign lesions.Overall,SUVmax with a cut-off value of 7.6(AUC:0.770,95% confidence interval(CI):0.668-0.872;sensitivity,0.686;specificity,0.688)was a superior parameter for distinguishing between malignant/premalignant and benign lesions or physiologic uptake.No parameters differentiated malignant from premalignant lesions.Moderate or weak positive correlations were observed between the long diameter of the malignant lesions and PET parameters such as SUVpeak and some mSUVmtv.CONCLUSION Approximately two-thirds(61.4%)of incidental focal hypermetabolic colorectal regions were malignant/premalignant lesions,for which SUVmax was an independent diagnostic parameter.Unexpected suspicious focal colorectal FDG uptake should not be avoided and consideration for further evaluation is strongly recommended not to miss the two-thirds.

Relationship between Oil Uptake and Moisture Loss during Deep Fat Frying of Deboned Chicken Breast Meat

The relationship between moisture loss and oil uptake at different combination of Frying Oil Temperatures (FOT) and time during deep-fat frying of chicken meat was investigated in this study. Chicken meat samples were diced and fried at different FOT (170°C, 180°C, and 190°C) in an industrial fryer for periods varying from 5 to 900 s. Fat analysis was accomplished in a soxhlet extraction apparatus with petroleum ether solvent. Prior to fat analysis samples were freeze dried and the moisture analysis was based on the standard AOAC standard method. The results show that a cook value of 415 s was found to give the most ideal sensory characteristics. The relationship between moisture loss and oil uptake during the initial phase of frying (°C and 190°C, respectively, and the rate (1.35 g/s) at FOT 170°C was significantly (P < 0.05) lower.

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像和血清学指标对前列腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 研究^(18)F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-fluorodexyglucose,^(18)F-FDG)PET/CT显像和前列腺血清学指标诊断前列腺肿瘤的价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年8月至2021年12月在浙江大学医学院附属第二医院经病理证实的95例疑似前列腺肿瘤患者的^(18)F-FDG PET/CT图像与前列腺血清学指标。根据病理检查结果分为恶性组(n=77)和良性组(n=18)。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析前列腺病灶的最大标准摄取值(maximum standardized uptake value,SUV_(max))与血清总前列腺特异性抗原(total prostate specific antigen,tPSA)、游离前列腺特异性抗原(free prostate specific antigen,fPSA)及游离/总前列腺特异性抗原比值(free/total prostate specific antigen,f/t-PSA)诊断前列腺良恶性病灶的最佳截断界值。结果 ROC曲线显示,SUV_(max)、tPSA、fPSA和f/t-PSA诊断前列腺良恶性病灶的最佳截断值分别为4.47、46.67 ng/mL、11.11 ng/mL和0.10。SUV_(max)、tPSA、fPSA和f/t-PSA的ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.658、0.897、0.842和0.836。^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像、tPSA、f PSA和f/t-PSA对前列腺肿瘤的诊断敏感度分别是81.8%、97.4%、92.2%和83.1%,特异度分别是61.1%、27.8%、50.0%和50.0%,准确度分别是77.9%、84.2%、84.2%和76.8%。恶性组SUV_(max)、tPSA和fPSA均高于良性组,f/t-PSA低于良性组(均P<0.05)。^(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查显示,72例有远处转移病灶。结论 SUV_(max)、tPSA、fPSA和f/t-PSA均能鉴别前列腺良恶性病灶。^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像在探测远处病灶方面更具有优势,能够为临床决策提供更好的帮助。

^(18)F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT与mp-MRI对前列腺癌的检测效能及与病理分级的相关性研究

目的探讨18氟标记前列腺特异性膜抗原-1007正电子发射计算机体层摄影(fluorine-18 prostate specific membrane antigen 1007-positron emission tomography/computed tomography,^(18)F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT)与多参数磁共振成像(multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging,mp-MRI)单独及联合对前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)的检测效能,并比较最大标准化摄取值(maximum standardized uptake value,SUV_(max))、表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)、SUV_(max)/ADC、T1、T2、质子密度(proton density,PD)值与PCa病理分级的相关性。材料与方法回顾性分析我院2020年4月至2022年9月疑似PCa并拟行穿刺活检或手术的患者病例,最终50例患者被纳入研究,其中42例确诊PCa。按照国际泌尿病理协会(International Society of Urological Pathology,ISUP)分级共分为5组,包括中高级别组(分级≥4)25例和低级别组(分级1~3)17例,比较不同分组的SUV_(max)、ADC及SUV_(max)/ADC的差异。采用Spearman相关分析SUV_(max)、ADC、SUV_(max)/ADC、T1、T2、PD值之间的相关性及分别与ISUP分级的相关性。以病理为金标准,分析^(18)F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT与mp-MRI单独及联合对前列腺良恶性的检测效能。绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)并计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、敏感度和特异度,评价SUV_(max)、ADC、SUV_(max)/ADC及联合参数诊断效能,通过DeLong检验比较AUC间的差异。结果PCa高级别组与低级别组的ADC值、SUV_(max)、SUV_(max)/ADC差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。50例患者的ADC值与SUV_(max)呈负相关性(r=-0.516,P<0.05),42例确诊PCa患者的ADC值与ISUP分级呈负相关(r=-0.616,P<0.05),SUV_(max)、SUV_(max)/ADC与ISUP分级呈正相关(r=0.549、0.639,P均<0.05)。20例完成定量磁共振图像编译(magnetic resonance image compilation,MAGiC)序列患者T1、T2、PD值与ISUP分级无相关性(r=0.045、0.202、0.028,P均>0.05);T1、T2值与ADC值呈正相关(r=0.616,r=0.756,P均<0.05),PD值与ADC值呈负相关(r=-0.506,P<0.05)。SUV_(max)与T1、T2、PD值没有明显相关性(r=-0.132,r=-0.422,r=0.230,P均>0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,SUV_(max)的AUC为0.940,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),以7.80为临界值,诊断PCa的敏感度为83.33%,特异度为100.00%;ADC值的AUC为0.970,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),以1.20×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s为临界值,诊断PCa的敏感度为95.24%,特异度为87.50%;SUV_(max)/ADC的AUC为0.970,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),以6.43×10^(3)为临界值,诊断PCa的敏感度为90.48%,特异度为100%;SUV_(max)和ADC联合的AUC为0.976,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),以0.85为临界值,诊断PCa的敏感度为90.48%,特异度为100.00%。结论联合^(18)F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT与mp-MRI可以提高对PCa的诊断效能;ADC值、SUV_(max)及SUV_(max)/ADC能够区分低危与中高危PCa。

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数辅助评估弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤化疗疗效

目的探讨^(18)F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)化疗疗效的相关性。方法回顾性总结2021年2月至2023年2月本院确诊DLBCL患者共78例,采用R-CHOP化疗方案。治疗前采用^(18)F-FDG PET/CT测量代谢参数包括标准摄取值的最大值(SUVmax)、峰值(SUVpeak)和平均值(SUVmean)、肿瘤代谢体积(MTV)和糖酵解总量(TLG),解剖学参数包括肿瘤位置、最大直径和AnnArbor分期。治疗4个疗程(21 d为1个疗程)后复查PET/CT,根据Lugano修订淋巴瘤疗效评价标准分为有效组62例和无效组16例,比较两组PET/CT参数。结果与无效组比较,有效组年龄和最大直径较小,改良国际预后指数(NCCN-IPI)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平较低,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期和骨髓侵犯较少;SUVmax、MTV和TLG值降低(P<0.05)。Spearman检验显示,SUVmax、MTV和TLG值与最大直径、NCCNIPI、LDH和AnnArbor分期呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。ROC计算SUVmax、MTV和TLG值预测DLBCL患者化疗疗效的AUC为0.741、0.886和0.869(P<0.001),MTV和TLG明显优于SUVmax(P<0.001),但MTV和TLG无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论^(18)F-FDG PET/CT作为DLBCL临床分期、疗效评估和预后随访的重要方法,代谢参数MTV和TLG值与化疗疗效密切相关。

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像中标准化摄取值测量技术、影响因素及临床应用的研究进展

^(18)F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层/电子计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)显像在临床应用中较为广泛,标准化摄取值(SUV)是重要的半定量指标,对于疾病的早期诊断和鉴别诊断、预测肿瘤治疗的早期响应和疗效监测具有重要意义。该文就^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像中SUV测量技术、影响因素及临床应用的研究进展作一综述。

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像及血管内皮生长因子对POEMS综合征放化疗联合自体干细胞移植的疗效

目的探讨^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在POEMS综合征放化疗联合自体干细胞移植治疗中的价值。方法回顾性分析2012年6月~2022年12月本院123例临床高度怀疑POEMS综合征患者临床及影像资料,最终纳入25例患者,经临床及病理确诊POEMS综合征21例,惰性淋巴瘤1例,多发性骨髓瘤3例。21例POEMS综合征患者分为单纯放化疗组(n=12)和放化疗联合自体干细胞移植治疗组(n=9),分析两组患者PET/CT影像特点、最大标准化摄取值(SUV_(max))、VEGF、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平,随访观察两组患者的治疗效果。结果21例POEMS综合征患者均伴有不同程度的多发性神经病变与单克隆浆细胞增殖性改变,皮肤病变10例。^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像21例患者94个部位形态或代谢异常,SUV_(max)与VEGF水平呈正相关性(r=0.590,P=0.005),而SUV_(max)与FT3、FT4、TSH、IL-6水平均无相关性(P>0.05)。随访55.5±17.6月,治疗后VEGF水平较治疗前基线水平降低(1670.7±309.1 pg/mL vs2051.0±458.8 pg/mL,P<0.05);放化疗联合自体干细胞治疗组中位生存期与单纯放化疗组的差异无统计学意义(P=0.612)。结论PET/CT显像联合血清VEGF水平检测可作为POEMS综合征诊断、活动度监测及预后评估的无创方法,自体干细胞联合放化疗未明显延长POEMS综合征的中位生存期。

血糖水平对原发性肝癌患者^(18)F-FDG PET-CT检查中正常器官摄取FDG的影响

目的 研究在原发性肝癌患者^(18)F-FDG PET-CT检查中不同血糖水平对正常器官摄取FDG的影响,以找到相较于肝脏更为稳定的组织作为背景标准摄取值。方法 本研究为回顾性研究。搜集2022年1—6月经病理确诊为原发性肝癌,并接受^(18)F-FDG PET-CT检查的175例患者的临床及影像资料。根据注射18F-FDG前空腹血糖水平分成4组,4.0~6.3 mmol/L为血糖正常组(63例)、6.4~8.9 mmol/L为血糖稍高组(53例)、9.0~11.1 mmol/L为血糖较高组(48例)、>11.1 mmol/L为血糖极高组(11例)。比较4组患者的大脑皮质、肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、胰腺、脂肪组织及纵隔血池的最大标准摄取值(SUV_(max)),分析不同血糖水平对正常器官摄取^(18)F-FDG的影响。组间符合正态分布的计量资料比较采用方差分析、以x±s表示、两两比较采用t检验。结果 血糖稍高组、较高组和极高组的大脑皮质SUV_(max)值均明显低于血糖正常组,肝脏SUV_(max)值均明显高于血糖正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。血糖稍高组的肺脏SUV_(max)值与血糖正常组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),血糖较高组与血糖极高组的肺脏SUV_(max)值均明显高于血糖正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。血糖正常组、稍高组和较高组的胰腺SUV_(max)值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),血糖极高组明显高于血糖正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4组脾脏、脂肪组织及纵隔血池的SUV_(max)值差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),表明与血糖水平无显著相关性。其中,纵隔血池SUV_(max)值最为稳定。结论 原发性肝癌患者的血糖水平,对大脑皮质、肝脏摄取^(18)F-FDG影响较大,对肺脏、胰腺的影响较小;对纵隔血池的影响最小,可作为肝脏的替代组织用于背景SUV_(max)的测量。

DNA repair capacity correlates with standardized uptake values from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Objective: The DNA repair capacity (DRC) of tumor cells is an important contributor to resistance to radiation and platinum-based drugs. Because DRC may be affected by tumor cell metabolism, we measured DRC in lymphocytes from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compared the findings with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) after (chemo)radiation therapy. Methods: This study included 151 patients with stage IA-IV NSCLC who had FDG PET at a single institution and donated blood samples before chemotherapy. We assessed the correlation of DRC, measured in peripheral T lymphocytes by a host-cell reac-tivation assay with SUVmax and their associations with overall survival (OS) time by hazards ratios calculated with a Cox pro-portional hazards regression model. Results: SUVmax of the primary tumor at diagnosis was inversely associated with lymphocyte DRC (r＝－0.175, P＝0.032), particularly among patients with advanced disease (r ＝ －0.218, P ＝ 0.015). However, △SUVmax of primary tumor was not significantly associated with DRC (r＝0.005, P＝0.968). SUVmax of regional lymph nodes at diagnosis (r＝－0.307, P＝0.0008) and after (chemo)radiation treatment (r＝－0.329, P＝0.034) and SUVmax of the primary tumor after (chemo)radiation treatment (r＝－0.253, P＝0.045) were also inversely associated with OS time. Conclusion: DRC was inversely associated with primary tumor SUVmax before treatment but not with △SUVmax after (chemo)radiation.

PET/CT代谢参数与肺腺癌生物学特征关系分析及对脑转移的预测价值

目的分析正电子发射断层成像/计算机断层显像(PET/CT)代谢参数与肺腺癌生物学特征的关系及对脑转移的预测价值。方法招募2020年2月至2022年4月邯郸市中心医院收治的肺腺癌患者103例,均进行PET/CT检查。分析肺腺癌生物学特征与患者病灶标准摄取值(SUV)最大值、瘦体重标准化摄取值(SUL)最大值的关联性。通过多因素logistic回归及列线图分析探讨SUV最大值、SUL最大值对肺腺癌脑转移的预测价值。结果淋巴结转移、T分期、分化程度与SUV最大值、SUL最大值存在显著关联(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,T分期为T _(3-4)期,以及较高水平的SUV最大值、SUL最大值是促进肺腺癌患者发生脑转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。列线图预测模型显示,SUV最大值、SUL最大值对肺腺癌患者脑转移具有较高预测价值,一致性指数分别为0.785、0.811。决策曲线分析(DCA)结果显示,在阈值0.35~0.71范围内,SUL最大值预测肺腺癌患者脑转移的净受益率优于SUV最大值。结论病灶SUV最大值、SUL最大值与肺腺癌淋巴结转移、T分期、分化程度等生物学特征具有关联性,临床可通过PET/CT检查及早预测患者脑转移情况,为临床治疗提供参考,改善患者预后。

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数与非小细胞肺癌组织中PD-L1表达的相关性

目的:探讨^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像代谢参数与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)原发灶程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed cell death-ligand 1,PD-L1)表达水平的关系。方法:回顾性分析56例经病理证实的非小细胞肺癌患者的临床病理资料及治疗前^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像,所有患者均使用免疫组化法检测PD-L1表达状态,分析^(18)F-FDG PET/CT的代谢参数与原发灶PD-L1表达水平的相关性。结果:与PD-L1阴性患者比较,阳性患者原发灶SUV_(max)、MTV、TLG均较高(P<0.05)。通过Spearman相关性分析,PD-L1的表达与SUV_(max)、MTV、TLG均有显著的相关性(r=0.537,P=0.000;r=0.413,P=0.002;r=0.457,P=0.000)。经多变量分析,SUV_(max)被确定为预测肿瘤PD-L1表达的唯一独立因素(OR:2.132,95%CI:1.694~2.578,P=0.006)。结论:非小细胞肺癌原发灶FDG摄取与PD-L1表达存在相关性,PD-L1阳性更易发生在高SUV_(max)、MTV和TLG患者中。

NM23表达对^(18)F-FDG PET/CT在非小细胞肺癌患者放疗计划中的影响

目的分析NM23基因表达情况对非小细胞肺癌的生物学行为及对放疗计划的影响。方法以新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院107例非小细胞肺癌患者为研究对象,在PET/CT影像下制定放疗方案,勾画一般靶区体积,危及器官受照量,按免疫组化结果分为NM23高表达组(n=43)和低表达组(n=64),比较两组间PET/CT代谢参数最大标准化摄取值、PET/CT图像下勾画的放疗大体靶区体积、危及器官受照量的差异。结果NM23高表达组与低表达组在PET/CT中代谢参数测量的最大标准化摄取值测量方面,高表达组最大标准化摄取值小于低表达组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在NM23低表达组与NM23高表达组制定的放疗计划中,两组在大体靶区体积、危及器官的受照体积方面,NM23高表达组小于低表达组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论深入了解非小细胞肺癌患者NM23基因表达情况及其生物学行为,将PET/CT运用于放疗计划的制定中,能够为非小细胞肺癌患者放疗靶区的精准雕刻提供更多的参考信息。

PET/CT显像中连续采集模式病灶定量参数分析比较研究

目的:以步进采集(SS)模式作为“金标准”,与连续采集(CBM)模式进行配对比较,评估良性及恶性病变在CBM采集方式下多种定量指标的可靠性。方法:选取24例接受PET/CT检查者,随机先后采用CBM和SS模式在Siemens Biograph Vision 600 PET/CT完成图像采集。采用40%SUV阈值勾画容积感兴趣区,记录病灶标准摄取值(SUVmax、SUVpeak、SUVmean)、总糖酵解值(TLG)、代谢肿瘤体积(MTV)值。采用配对t检验及Pearson相关分析评价2组数据间的差异。结果:24例患者均经病理确诊,7例良性,17例恶性,共13个良性病灶和49个恶性病灶用于定量分析。除良性病变MTV因标准误差为0,无法计算相关性和t值,不论是良性病变还是恶性病变,在SS模式和CBM模式采集条件下SUVmax、SUVpeak、SUVmean、TLG、MTV值差异均无统计学意义(t=-0.726~0.973,P>0.05)。各定量参数在良性(r>0.995)及恶性病变(r>0.985)中存在较好相关性。Bland-Altman分析显示2种采集模式下良性及恶性病变平均差异值均接近0。结论:在良性及恶性病变中,CBM模式可提供可靠、准确的PET定量参数值,等同于SS采集获得的定量参数。

畜禽有机肥氮在冬小麦季对化肥氮的相对替代当量

【目的】不同类型畜禽有机肥氮素在组分和有效性方面存在明显差异,以化肥氮为参考标准,明晰不同畜禽有机肥氮素相对化肥氮的有效性,可为有机肥合理施用及有机无机科学配施提供理论依据。【方法】选取腐熟风干基猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪及化肥为材料,施氮(N)量均设置6个水平(0、40、80、120、160、200 mg·kg^(-1)干土),采用田间土柱栽培试验,分析不同肥料处理对冬小麦产量和氮素吸收量的影响,利用作物吸氮量或产量与化肥施氮量之间的响应关系,研究估算3种畜禽有机肥氮素对化肥氮的相对替代当量。【结果】(1)化肥处理和有机肥处理的小麦籽粒和地上部生物量均随施氮水平的提高而增加。在40-120 mg·kg^(-1)干土施氮水平下,化肥和猪粪处理对籽粒和生物产量的提升幅度高于鸡粪和牛粪;在160-200mg·kg^(-1)干土施氮水平下,化肥、猪粪和鸡粪的籽粒产量无显著差异,但均显著高于牛粪处理。(2)等氮条件下,化肥处理对小麦籽粒/地上部氮吸收量的提升幅度高于有机肥处理;3种有机肥相比,小麦地上部氮吸收量由大到小的顺序为猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪;有机肥处理的氮素回收率随施氮水平增加呈先升高后降低趋势,而化肥处理呈逐渐降低的趋势。(3)不同氮水平下,猪粪、鸡粪和牛粪氮的相对替代当量分别为37.7%-84.2%、23.1%-71.0%、11.3%-34.2%(以小麦籽粒产量为参考指标);49.2%-91.3%、23.3%-78.3%、7.4%-42.2%(地上部生物产量);31.1%-76.3%、19.8%-67.1%、6.0%-35.7%(籽粒吸氮量);以及30.8%-97.1%、19.8%-75.6%、7.8%-43.8%(地上部吸氮量)。畜禽有机肥氮的相对替代当量与施氮量之间呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】有机肥类型和施氮水平均影响有机肥氮的相对替代当量,在一定施氮量范围内,畜禽有机肥氮素替代当量随施氮量的增加而提高;基于小麦籽粒产量/地上部生物量和籽粒氮吸收量/地上部氮吸收量4项参考指标,猪粪、鸡粪和牛粪3种畜禽有机肥氮素的平均相对替代当量分别为59.6%、46.2%和23.6%。

不同参考脑区下阿尔茨海默病患者^(18)F-AV45 β淀粉样蛋白PET显像的标准摄取值比值及诊断界值

目的:研究分别以小脑灰质、小脑及脑桥作为参考脑区时阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者大脑皮质^(18)F-AV45 β淀粉样蛋白PET显像的标准摄取值比值(SUVR)及诊断界值。方法:选择2020年6月至2022年2月在郑州大学第一附属医院临床诊断为AD,并经^(18)F-AV45 PET显像视觉评估为β淀粉样蛋白阳性的AD患者20例,其中男4例,女16例,年龄(60.8±7.4)岁,MMSE评分(10.6±6.5)分;同时设12名健康对照(HC),其中男7例,女5例,年龄(55.2±10.7)岁,MMSE评分(28.3±1.0)分。使用CortexID软件自动分析并导出不同参考脑区(小脑灰质、小脑、脑桥)下大脑复合皮质SUVR。采用ROC曲线确定SUVR对AD的诊断界值。结果:以小脑灰质、小脑、脑桥为参考脑区时AD组患者大脑复合皮质SUVR均高于HC组(P<0.001)。大脑复合皮质SUVR诊断界值分别为1.290、1.175和0.695,对应曲线下面积(95%CI)分别为0.977(0.851~1.000)、0.992(0.876~1.000)和0.958(0.822~0.998),在此界值下,对AD诊断敏感度分别为0.950(19/20)、1.000(20/20)、1.000(20/20),特异度分别为1.000(12/12)、0.917(11/12)、0.833(10/12)。结论:无论以小脑灰质、小脑或脑桥为参考脑区,β淀粉样蛋白PET显像的SUVR半定量分析方法对AD均有很高的诊断效能。