With the advancement of the transformation,the contradiction between the residents’demand for a better living environment and the convenience of living in the settlements comes to the fore.Effective identification,or...With the advancement of the transformation,the contradiction between the residents’demand for a better living environment and the convenience of living in the settlements comes to the fore.Effective identification,organic integration,timely adoption,and correct decision-making for the transformation of old neighborhoods are pressing issues in the transformation of old neighborhoods.Therefore,this paper takes the green building evaluation standards of various countries as the research basis and support for the construction of the transformation strategy of old neighborhoods.Through the collection and comparative analysis of the indicators of green building evaluation standards,the index system of transformation is formed,and it also provides a certain foundation for the subsequent related research.展开更多
Standard has played an important role in modern enterprises and society through the encouragement of technology innovation and distribution. Based on the survey of 30 typical enterprises in the field of automobile in ...Standard has played an important role in modern enterprises and society through the encouragement of technology innovation and distribution. Based on the survey of 30 typical enterprises in the field of automobile in Shanghai, this paper makes quantitative analysis on comprehensive contribution of standard to automobile industry and accomplishes the demonstration of standard comprehensive evaluation index system. The analysis shows that standardization makes obvious contribution to Shanghai automobile industry.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. <strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of echocard...<strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. <strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of echocardiographic and scintigraphy investigation in cardiovascular disorders detection and evaluation, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) diagnosis at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia. <strong>Methods: </strong>157 patients (male/ female: 68%/32%;mean age 64 ± 0.83 years) were included in the report in the current study. All subjects underwent gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and standard Echocardiography.<strong> Results: </strong>About 84% of cases were diagnosed with any types of cardiac disorders by Echocardiography, whereas through scintigraphy, 61% of patients were detected cardiac disorders. The age stratification did not impact the prevalence of cardiac disorders detected by them. Scintigraphy showed a higher detection rate (59%), while only 29% of cases were detected with IHD by eco-cardiograph. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> In conclusion, both techniques, namely standard Echocardiography, and myocardial scintigraphy, are useful in the evaluation and detection of cardiac disorders in patients having any type of cardiac problems. Both investigations showed a differential pattern in cardiac disorders diagnosis with a particular focus on IHD. Gender differences and age stratification also contributed to this differential pattern of diagnosis. <strong>Trial Registration:</strong> The research doesn’t include experiments in humans or animals. It is a retrospective study for data record review as an observational study, so no trial registration is required.展开更多
The core concepts of standardization framework of marine sustainable development evaluation systemare fairness and justice and the aim of sustainable development is to pursue development beneficial bothfor the current...The core concepts of standardization framework of marine sustainable development evaluation systemare fairness and justice and the aim of sustainable development is to pursue development beneficial bothfor the current and future generations.Scientific evaluation of sustainable marine development is importantfor ensuring an accurate level of marine development.Establishing a scientific evaluation system is of greatimportance in the planning of marine development.Standardization of such an evaluation system needs tobe based on comprehensive work and must be founded on both marine science and modern managementprinciples.This paper analyses the current marine standards situation and looks at the assessment systemfor marine sustainable development.It also lists the main reasons for the standardization of a sustainablemarine development evaluation system and analyses five existing marine standardization problems whichare a constraint to this standardization.Finally a framework of marine sustainable development evaluationsystem standardization is established.The conclusion incorporates some advice on how to promote thisstandardization.展开更多
This paper presents an evaluation system of national standardlevels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goalof quantitatiye evaluation of national standards was achieved by expels decidingo...This paper presents an evaluation system of national standardlevels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goalof quantitatiye evaluation of national standards was achieved by expels decidingon indicators of a single national standard.This evaluation system provideda reasonable basis to evaluate the national standard level.It will alsoplay an important role in regulating standards and improving the nationalstandards level.展开更多
In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit...In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lactic acid(Lac), succinic acid(Suc), fumaric acid(Fum), total organic acids(To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid(TiA), acidity value(AcV), and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied(85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal〉Oxa〉Cit〉Lac〉Suc〉Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices(ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.展开更多
The reform of ideological and political education in science and engineering courses continues to deepen,and the establishment of a practical teaching evaluation system is the main goal.Combining the relevant requirem...The reform of ideological and political education in science and engineering courses continues to deepen,and the establishment of a practical teaching evaluation system is the main goal.Combining the relevant requirements of the ideological and political education in science and engineering courses,establishing a teaching evaluation system needs to follow the corresponding principles to ensure that the teaching content is reasonable and the teaching objectives are clear.The selected teaching method is flexible and effective,which facilitates the improvement of teaching quality and feedback of teaching situation.In this regard,the paper mainly analyzes the principles and standards of ideological and political teaching evaluation for science and engineering courses,and chooses reasonable and operable measures in-line with actual requirements to apply them in practice,and strive to serve as a reference for subsequent related research.展开更多
The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-mak...The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-making for managing this system;because preparing and providing health care services for society is very complex, and highly dependent on the information system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCIT standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of managers. This was a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in two steps in all hospitals. In the first step, the applicability of the standards in hospitals was studied. In the second step, the current status of hospitals was compared with international standards MCIT. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, opinions of professors and experts were acquired. Regarding the reliability, the SPSS V. 12 calculated the value of Cronbach’s to be 0.95 for the first questionnaire and 0.86 for the second questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistic tests of one way ANOVA and t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.5. In the 16 hospitals studied, the mean and standard deviation of MCIT were (57.25 ± 13.74). The MCIT standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi according to half (49.4%) of managers;nonetheless, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.展开更多
Based on the microscopic pore-throat characterization of typical continental tight reservoirs in China,such as sandstone of Cretaceous Qingshankou and Quantou formations in Songliao Basin,NE China sandy conglomerate o...Based on the microscopic pore-throat characterization of typical continental tight reservoirs in China,such as sandstone of Cretaceous Qingshankou and Quantou formations in Songliao Basin,NE China sandy conglomerate of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu area and hybrid rock of Lucaogou Formation in Jimusaer sag of Junggar Basin,NE China the theoretical lower limit,oil accumulation lower limit,effective flow lower limit and the upper limit of tight oil reservoirs were defined by water film thickness method,oil bearing occurrence method,oil testing productivity method and mechanical balance method,respectively.Cluster analysis method was used to compare the differences in pore-throat structure of different tight reservoirs,determine the grading criterion of tight reservoirs,and analyze its correlation with the limit of reservoir formation.The results show that the boundary between tight reservoir and conventional reservoir corresponds to the upper limit of physical properties,the boundary of classⅡand classⅢtight reservoirs corresponds to the lower limit of effective flow,the boundary of classⅢand classⅣtight reservoirs corresponds to the lower limit of reservoir forming,and the theoretical lower limit of tight reservoir corresponds to the boundary between tight reservoir and non-reservoir.Finally,the application results of the grading evaluation criterion show that the tight oil productivity is highly controlled by the type of tight reservoir,and classⅠand classⅡtight reservoirs are the favorable sections for high production of tight oil.展开更多
Standard applicability is the ability of a standard to be suitable for the prescriptive purpose under specified conditions.There is no mature applicability.evaluation index system of standards worldwide at present.We ...Standard applicability is the ability of a standard to be suitable for the prescriptive purpose under specified conditions.There is no mature applicability.evaluation index system of standards worldwide at present.We aim to construct the index system for evaluating the applicability of forensic science standard.The index system of applicability evaluation is proposed using a statistical analysis on the applicability of forensic science standards in China.We summarize the major problems and reasons in developing and revising the national and industry standards in China.Based on these,we put forward measures to improve standards’applicability,provide policy support for rectifying the standards,and lay the theoretical foundation for the construction,adjustment,and optimization of the forensic science standard system.展开更多
With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact....With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact. However, the current evaluation systems for various types of green buildings are often unable to achieve a set of standards in practice due to the distinct regional characteristics of each region. Therefore, in view of the regional characteristics of the climate, terrain, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, it is important to study the evaluation system of green residential buildings suitable for the cold regions of Sichuan. This article focuses on the regional characteristics of climate, topography, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, and discusses the limitations of the current standards on the practice of green building in cold regions of Sichuan through a sociological questionnaire survey on the comfort of living in the local population. Then from the two dimensions of the advantages of traditional houses and the particularity of national culture, the strategies for the optimization and improvement of the evaluation index system for green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan were proposed. After comprehensively considering the factors that affect the green residential buildings, including the regional characteristics of the cold regions of Sichuan, and the green performance of buildings, local characteristics and ethnic features were included in the evaluation system. The evaluation index system of green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan, consists of 92 three-level indicators. A professional hierarchical analysis software yaahp was used to establish a multi-level hierarchical model between the indicators, and the indicators were compared with each other layer by layer to clarify the importance of the indicators. Based on this, a judgment matrix for each layer was constructed and obtained. The weight of each indicator is accurate, and the scoring mechanism and grading standards are constructed according to it. Through the calculation, the consistency test of the entire model was passed, thereby confirming the scientificity and rationality of the entire evaluation system.展开更多
Individualized treatment is a basic feature of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), and individualized efficacy evaluation is also emphasized in TCM clinical practice. Individualized evaluation is in favor of improving ...Individualized treatment is a basic feature of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), and individualized efficacy evaluation is also emphasized in TCM clinical practice. Individualized evaluation is in favor of improving intervention continuously, and optimizing the TCM evidenceusing pattern gradually. Traditional case reports can better demonstrate the efficacy of individual, but lack of standardized design, making such evidence show a lower quality. Meanings, objectives and design elements of TCM individualized evaluation were discussed in this paper.Then based on the original work, design ideas and framework of TCM evidence-based case reporting system were established preliminarily.This work will improve the methodology of TCM individualized evaluation to realize the goal of optimizing TCM clinical evidence-using pattern.展开更多
Firstly, the connotations and influencing factors of ecosystem health are discussed, and then the assessment principle, evaluation stand- ard and evaluation method of ecosystem health and the establishment and measure...Firstly, the connotations and influencing factors of ecosystem health are discussed, and then the assessment principle, evaluation stand- ard and evaluation method of ecosystem health and the establishment and measurement of ecosystem health indicators are studied. Through the study of its connotation and evaluation, feasible measures to effectively promote the development of ecosystem health are put forward finally.展开更多
Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. T...Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. The species is compared with M. bahia in taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphology, as well as the sensitivity to Abstract toxins. Based on the results, we recommend N.awatschensis to be a standard marine organism for toxicity test in China and the method to be applied in toxicity evaluation of drilling fluids. In this paper, we report the results of the above studies and the application of the method in the evaluation of several drilling fluid products.展开更多
文摘With the advancement of the transformation,the contradiction between the residents’demand for a better living environment and the convenience of living in the settlements comes to the fore.Effective identification,organic integration,timely adoption,and correct decision-making for the transformation of old neighborhoods are pressing issues in the transformation of old neighborhoods.Therefore,this paper takes the green building evaluation standards of various countries as the research basis and support for the construction of the transformation strategy of old neighborhoods.Through the collection and comparative analysis of the indicators of green building evaluation standards,the index system of transformation is formed,and it also provides a certain foundation for the subsequent related research.
基金Project supported by the Shanghai Technical Standard Project(Grant No.06DZ05134)
文摘Standard has played an important role in modern enterprises and society through the encouragement of technology innovation and distribution. Based on the survey of 30 typical enterprises in the field of automobile in Shanghai, this paper makes quantitative analysis on comprehensive contribution of standard to automobile industry and accomplishes the demonstration of standard comprehensive evaluation index system. The analysis shows that standardization makes obvious contribution to Shanghai automobile industry.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. <strong>Aim: </strong>The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of echocardiographic and scintigraphy investigation in cardiovascular disorders detection and evaluation, including ischemic heart disease (IHD) diagnosis at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia. <strong>Methods: </strong>157 patients (male/ female: 68%/32%;mean age 64 ± 0.83 years) were included in the report in the current study. All subjects underwent gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and standard Echocardiography.<strong> Results: </strong>About 84% of cases were diagnosed with any types of cardiac disorders by Echocardiography, whereas through scintigraphy, 61% of patients were detected cardiac disorders. The age stratification did not impact the prevalence of cardiac disorders detected by them. Scintigraphy showed a higher detection rate (59%), while only 29% of cases were detected with IHD by eco-cardiograph. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> In conclusion, both techniques, namely standard Echocardiography, and myocardial scintigraphy, are useful in the evaluation and detection of cardiac disorders in patients having any type of cardiac problems. Both investigations showed a differential pattern in cardiac disorders diagnosis with a particular focus on IHD. Gender differences and age stratification also contributed to this differential pattern of diagnosis. <strong>Trial Registration:</strong> The research doesn’t include experiments in humans or animals. It is a retrospective study for data record review as an observational study, so no trial registration is required.
文摘The core concepts of standardization framework of marine sustainable development evaluation systemare fairness and justice and the aim of sustainable development is to pursue development beneficial bothfor the current and future generations.Scientific evaluation of sustainable marine development is importantfor ensuring an accurate level of marine development.Establishing a scientific evaluation system is of greatimportance in the planning of marine development.Standardization of such an evaluation system needs tobe based on comprehensive work and must be founded on both marine science and modern managementprinciples.This paper analyses the current marine standards situation and looks at the assessment systemfor marine sustainable development.It also lists the main reasons for the standardization of a sustainablemarine development evaluation system and analyses five existing marine standardization problems whichare a constraint to this standardization.Finally a framework of marine sustainable development evaluationsystem standardization is established.The conclusion incorporates some advice on how to promote thisstandardization.
文摘This paper presents an evaluation system of national standardlevels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goalof quantitatiye evaluation of national standards was achieved by expels decidingon indicators of a single national standard.This evaluation system provideda reasonable basis to evaluate the national standard level.It will alsoplay an important role in regulating standards and improving the nationalstandards level.
基金supported by National Key Technology R&D Program: Research on the Common Technology Methods of Standardization and Standards Development (Item Number:2006BAK04A07)
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-27)the National Program for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of China (GJFP2017003)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lactic acid(Lac), succinic acid(Suc), fumaric acid(Fum), total organic acids(To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid(TiA), acidity value(AcV), and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied(85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal〉Oxa〉Cit〉Lac〉Suc〉Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices(ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.
基金Heilongjiang Philosophy and Social Research Planning Project"Research on Joint Education of Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Big Data"(Project No.20SZB09)Harbin University of Commerce Educational Reform Project"Research on the Integration of Ideological and Political Education and Professional Teaching——Taking Programming Courses as an Example"(Project No.HSDJY202021)。
文摘The reform of ideological and political education in science and engineering courses continues to deepen,and the establishment of a practical teaching evaluation system is the main goal.Combining the relevant requirements of the ideological and political education in science and engineering courses,establishing a teaching evaluation system needs to follow the corresponding principles to ensure that the teaching content is reasonable and the teaching objectives are clear.The selected teaching method is flexible and effective,which facilitates the improvement of teaching quality and feedback of teaching situation.In this regard,the paper mainly analyzes the principles and standards of ideological and political teaching evaluation for science and engineering courses,and chooses reasonable and operable measures in-line with actual requirements to apply them in practice,and strive to serve as a reference for subsequent related research.
文摘The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-making for managing this system;because preparing and providing health care services for society is very complex, and highly dependent on the information system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCIT standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of managers. This was a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in two steps in all hospitals. In the first step, the applicability of the standards in hospitals was studied. In the second step, the current status of hospitals was compared with international standards MCIT. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, opinions of professors and experts were acquired. Regarding the reliability, the SPSS V. 12 calculated the value of Cronbach’s to be 0.95 for the first questionnaire and 0.86 for the second questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistic tests of one way ANOVA and t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.5. In the 16 hospitals studied, the mean and standard deviation of MCIT were (57.25 ± 13.74). The MCIT standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi according to half (49.4%) of managers;nonetheless, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05046-001-005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41922015)。
文摘Based on the microscopic pore-throat characterization of typical continental tight reservoirs in China,such as sandstone of Cretaceous Qingshankou and Quantou formations in Songliao Basin,NE China sandy conglomerate of Baikouquan Formation in Mahu area and hybrid rock of Lucaogou Formation in Jimusaer sag of Junggar Basin,NE China the theoretical lower limit,oil accumulation lower limit,effective flow lower limit and the upper limit of tight oil reservoirs were defined by water film thickness method,oil bearing occurrence method,oil testing productivity method and mechanical balance method,respectively.Cluster analysis method was used to compare the differences in pore-throat structure of different tight reservoirs,determine the grading criterion of tight reservoirs,and analyze its correlation with the limit of reservoir formation.The results show that the boundary between tight reservoir and conventional reservoir corresponds to the upper limit of physical properties,the boundary of classⅡand classⅢtight reservoirs corresponds to the lower limit of effective flow,the boundary of classⅢand classⅣtight reservoirs corresponds to the lower limit of reservoir forming,and the theoretical lower limit of tight reservoir corresponds to the boundary between tight reservoir and non-reservoir.Finally,the application results of the grading evaluation criterion show that the tight oil productivity is highly controlled by the type of tight reservoir,and classⅠand classⅡtight reservoirs are the favorable sections for high production of tight oil.
文摘Standard applicability is the ability of a standard to be suitable for the prescriptive purpose under specified conditions.There is no mature applicability.evaluation index system of standards worldwide at present.We aim to construct the index system for evaluating the applicability of forensic science standard.The index system of applicability evaluation is proposed using a statistical analysis on the applicability of forensic science standards in China.We summarize the major problems and reasons in developing and revising the national and industry standards in China.Based on these,we put forward measures to improve standards’applicability,provide policy support for rectifying the standards,and lay the theoretical foundation for the construction,adjustment,and optimization of the forensic science standard system.
文摘With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact. However, the current evaluation systems for various types of green buildings are often unable to achieve a set of standards in practice due to the distinct regional characteristics of each region. Therefore, in view of the regional characteristics of the climate, terrain, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, it is important to study the evaluation system of green residential buildings suitable for the cold regions of Sichuan. This article focuses on the regional characteristics of climate, topography, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, and discusses the limitations of the current standards on the practice of green building in cold regions of Sichuan through a sociological questionnaire survey on the comfort of living in the local population. Then from the two dimensions of the advantages of traditional houses and the particularity of national culture, the strategies for the optimization and improvement of the evaluation index system for green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan were proposed. After comprehensively considering the factors that affect the green residential buildings, including the regional characteristics of the cold regions of Sichuan, and the green performance of buildings, local characteristics and ethnic features were included in the evaluation system. The evaluation index system of green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan, consists of 92 three-level indicators. A professional hierarchical analysis software yaahp was used to establish a multi-level hierarchical model between the indicators, and the indicators were compared with each other layer by layer to clarify the importance of the indicators. Based on this, a judgment matrix for each layer was constructed and obtained. The weight of each indicator is accurate, and the scoring mechanism and grading standards are constructed according to it. Through the calculation, the consistency test of the entire model was passed, thereby confirming the scientificity and rationality of the entire evaluation system.
基金supported by Special Fund for Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in the Public Interest[201507006-01]
文摘Individualized treatment is a basic feature of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), and individualized efficacy evaluation is also emphasized in TCM clinical practice. Individualized evaluation is in favor of improving intervention continuously, and optimizing the TCM evidenceusing pattern gradually. Traditional case reports can better demonstrate the efficacy of individual, but lack of standardized design, making such evidence show a lower quality. Meanings, objectives and design elements of TCM individualized evaluation were discussed in this paper.Then based on the original work, design ideas and framework of TCM evidence-based case reporting system were established preliminarily.This work will improve the methodology of TCM individualized evaluation to realize the goal of optimizing TCM clinical evidence-using pattern.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(12BJY031)
文摘Firstly, the connotations and influencing factors of ecosystem health are discussed, and then the assessment principle, evaluation stand- ard and evaluation method of ecosystem health and the establishment and measurement of ecosystem health indicators are studied. Through the study of its connotation and evaluation, feasible measures to effectively promote the development of ecosystem health are put forward finally.
基金The work is supported by National Basic Research Project No. 2001CB409709, NNSFC project (49906007, 39950001, 20177023, 40076030), CAS Innovation Project (KZCX2-206), Direct Project of CAS and Project of the Commission of Science, Shandong Province.
文摘Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. The species is compared with M. bahia in taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphology, as well as the sensitivity to Abstract toxins. Based on the results, we recommend N.awatschensis to be a standard marine organism for toxicity test in China and the method to be applied in toxicity evaluation of drilling fluids. In this paper, we report the results of the above studies and the application of the method in the evaluation of several drilling fluid products.