植物提取物养殖投入品树形图构建

植物提取物已成为饲料、饲料添加剂及兽用中药等养殖投入品的主要原料,为绿色养殖生产更加安全的动物源食品提供重要支撑。农业农村部于2019年7月发布了第194号公告,停止生产、进口、经营、使用除中药外的所有促生长类药物饲料添加剂品种,标志着我国进入“饲料端禁抗、养殖端减抗、产品端无抗或达标”时代。国家标准《植物提取物术语》和《植物提取物类饲料添加剂特征图谱制定技术要求》、农业农村部《植物提取物类饲料添加剂申报指南》和《促生长兽用中药安全性和有效性研究技术指导原则(征求意见稿)》等文件颁布为植物提取物在养殖行业的应用提供法规与技术保障。文章通过构建植物提取物养殖投入品业态链树形图,展示了种业、饲料、兽药、宠物产品及环境改良产品的业态逻辑和产业链关系,为养殖业科学规划分类产品开发提供有益参考。

有向网络中最大容量支撑树形图扩容问题

针对有向网络中最大容量支撑树形图扩容问题(EMCSA),由0-1背包问题出发归约出EMCSA问题的一个实例,从而证明EMCSA问题是NP-困难的,并且给出解决EMCSA问题的一个启发式算法。最后,考虑EMCSA问题的一种特殊情况:有向网络中最大容量支撑树形图的最少弧扩容问题(NEMCSA),采用权重差最小换弧方法设计时间复杂度为O(mn)的多项式时间算法。

基于深度和子树约束最小树形图的高编码效率图像删除

图像删除是指从一个压缩图像集中去除一个或多个图像,生成一个新的压缩图像集。针对当前图像删除方法存在搜寻的预测参考图像不佳,导致编码效率不足的问题,提出一种基于深度和子树约束最小树形图的高编码效率图像删除方法。该方法充分考虑所有剩余图像之间的相关性,确定最佳的预测参考。首先,提出一种新的图像分类方法,将所有图像分成需编码图像、无需编码图像和待删除图像等三类;其次,设计一种新的深度和子树约束最小树形图法,深入探究需编码图像之间以及需编码图像和无需编码图像之间的关系,构建新压缩图像集的最小树形图;最后,根据得到的最小树形图对需编码图像进行压缩,生成新的压缩图像集,实现图像删除。实验结果表明,与现有先进方法相比,所提方法取得了更高的编码效率,同时却有着相近的计算复杂度。

陕北、山西地区汉画像石仙境图像中树形图年代序列与构型特征研究

本文梳理陕北、山西地区画像石仙境图像中的树形图的造型特征,结合其组合图像,构建该地区树形图的年代框架。在此基础上,认为占据主导地位的树形图造型特征的形成过程可大致以两次大规模羌乱的爆发为时间界限,反映出各地区间画像石仙境图像造型的交流情况。其中佛教与西王母不死信仰的结合,更加体现羌乱背景下,人们对幸福安定与长生不死的无比渴望。

基于树形图算法挖掘重症感染疾病医师用药核心组群及临床药师干预建议

目的探索医师用药核心组群,分析用药合理性,为重症感染相关疾病的合理用药提供依据。方法从南昌大学第一附属医院2017年1月至2021年6月医院信息管理系统(HIS)医疗电子病历数据中感染相关诊断的(ICD)编码,提取感染患者医疗电子病历56167例,其中按照序贯性器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA)判为重症感染的病例11294例,对重症感染患者的用药进行Tabu法计算并按树形图分组,对分组中用药进行分析。结果所有病例共纳入120种常用药物,其中西药94种,中成药26种。经树形图分组得到2个主要用药子群,分析其中2个主要用药子群,亚子群1为重症辅助治疗相关药物,如肠内外营养和维生素类药物;亚子群2主要以抗菌药和对呼吸疾病改善类药物为主,抗菌药物中度最高的,也是整个网络中度最高的药物为美罗培南。临床药师针对二羟丙茶碱、质子泵抑制剂(PPI)制剂、碳青霉烯类、抗真菌类药物合理性进行分析,并对药物科室定向和合理使用提出干预建议。结论树形图算法挖掘重症感染疾病医师用药2个核心组群,该结果可指导合理用药。

Development of a new cerebral ischemia reperfusion model of Mongolian gerbils and standardized evaluation system

Background:The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent laboratory animal for preparing the cerebral ischemia model due to its inherent deficiency in the circle of Willis.However,the low incidence and unpredictability of symptoms are caused by numerous complex variant types of the circle.Additionally,the lack of an evaluation system for the cer-ebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)model of gerbils has shackled the application of this model.Methods:We created a symptom-oriented principle and detailed neurobehavioral scoring criteria.At different time points of reperfusion,we analyzed the alteration in locomotion by rotarod test and grip force score,infarct volume by triphenyltetrazo-lium chloride(TTC)staining,neuron loss using Nissl staining,and histological charac-teristics using hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)straining.Results:With a successful model rate of 56%,32 of the 57 gerbils operated by our method harbored typical features of cerebral I/R injury,and the mortality rate in the male gerbils was significantly higher than that in the female gerbils.The suc-cessfully prepared I/R gerbils demonstrated a significant reduction in motility and grip strength at 1 day after reperfusion;formed obvious infarction;exhibited typi-cal pathological features,such as tissue edema,neuronal atrophy and death,and vacuolated structures;and were partially recovered with the extension of reperfu-sion time.Conclusion:This study developed a new method for the unilateral common carotid artery ligation I/R model of gerbil and established a standardized evaluation system for this model,which could provide a new cerebral I/R model of gerbils with more practical applications.

The impact of the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)Program on child nutrition outcomes

The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.

一类带约束的支撑树形图容量扩张问题

针对一类带约束的支撑树形图容量扩张问题(CEPAC)展开研究。首先,在不考虑长度权重约束条件的情况下,分别求出关于扩容费用C最小的支撑树形图TC、关于长度权重w最小的支撑树形图Tw,关于系数s(e)=aw(e)+bC(e)最小的支撑树形图Ts,通过分析3棵支撑树之间的关系,获得C(TC)≤C(Ts)≤C(Tw)且C(Ts)是CEPAC问题的一个更佳的上界或下界的结论,其次,提出一个改进的拉格朗日松弛算法求解CEPAC问题,最后,通过实例验证了算法的有效性。

树形图

想一想,超市和图书馆为什么如此井有条,让我们可以很快地找到需要的东西?没错,超市和图书馆都对物品进行了分类,这样才能保证我们根据类别查找物品。那么,我们借助下面的图示完成对明明卧室里物品的分类吧。

Performance and Safety Improvement of Induction Motors based on Testing and Evaluation Standards

The induction motor,which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy,has been recognized as the cornerstone of industrialization.The rotor of an induction motor can be either a squirrel cage rotor or a wound-type rotor,both existing as magnetless topologies.Three-phase squirrel cage induction motors are frequently utilized in industrial drives because they are dependable,have high starting torque,are selfstarting and affordable.Single-phase induction motors,on the other hand,are commonly used for small loads such as domestic appliances in form of modest fans,pumps and electric power tools.In South Africa,there have been reports of fires and explosions resulting in live and property loss because of induction motors that have not been thoroughly tested or are incorrectly labelled in terms of ratings,electrical safety and performance.The goal of this study is targeted at preventing end-user injuries and failures caused by non-compliant induction motors,by evaluating locally manufactured/imported induction motors based on tests and evaluation from standards(IEC and SANS).The study is conducted using experimental procedures at the Explosion Prevention Technology and Rotating Machines(EPT and RM)laboratory,South African Bureau of Standards(SABS),South Africa.The main finding from the study shows differences in the nameplate characteristics of various induction motors which could have detrimental effects such as production and operational downtime in their end-use industries,at later stages.

Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows

Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.

Research on batch multielement rapid quantitative analysis based on the standard curve-assisted calibration-free laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy method

This study proposes a batch rapid quantitative analysis method for multiple elements by combining the advantages of standard curve(SC)and calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(CF-LIBS)technology to achieve synchronous,rapid,and accurate measurement of elements in a large number of samples,namely,SC-assisted CF-LIBS.Al alloy standard samples,divided into calibration and test samples,were applied to validate the proposed method.SC was built based on the characteristic line of Pb and Cr in the calibration sample,and the contents of Pb and Cr in the test sample were calculated with relative errors of 6%and 4%,respectively.SC built using Cr with multiple characteristic lines yielded better calculation results.The relative contents of ten elements in the test sample were calculated using CF-LIBS.Subsequently,the SC-assisted CF-LIBS was executed,with the majority of the calculation relative errors falling within the range of 2%-5%.Finally,the Al and Na contents of the Al alloy were predicted.The results demonstrate that it effectively enables the rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of multiple elements after a single-element SC analysis of the tested samples.Furthermore,this quantitative analysis method was successfully applied to soil and Astragalus samples,realizing an accurate calculation of the contents of multiple elements.Thus,it is important to advance the LIBS quantitative analysis and its related applications.

Combination Activity of Standard Antituberculosis Drugs and Extracts of Medicinal Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Treatment of Tuberculosis in Uganda

Introduction: Resistance to antituberculosis drugs and adverse drug reactions remain the leading causes of tuberculosis therapeutic failure globally. Despite the increasing acceptance of medicinal plant use in combination with conventional antituberculosis drugs in treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in Uganda, there is paucity of knowledge on their combination effect. Aim: This research aimed to determine combination activity of standard antituberculosis drugs with extracts of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. and Rubia cordifolia L., the two common antituberculosis medicinal plants in Uganda, against pansensitive (H37Rv) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Materials and Methods: Two reference MTB strains (H37Rv and MDR strain) were inoculated on Middlebrook 7H11 medium containing a combination of standard antituberculosis drugs and methanol extracts of Z. leprieurii and R. cordifolia at varying concentrations. The number of colonies on the plates was observed and counted weekly for up to 8 weeks. In vitro combination activity was determined using proportion method. Mean percentage inhibition was calculated for the reduction of number of colonies on drug-extract combination medium in relation to drug-extract-free control medium. Results: Drug-extract combinations showed good combination activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains when compared with individual standard anti-TB drugs. This was more exhibited against MDR strain. There was however a reduction in percentage inhibition when extracts were combined with ethambutol and streptomycin against H37Rv strain. Conclusions: Zanthoxylum leprieurii and Rubia cordifolia in combination with standard anti-TB drugs exhibited increased in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially MDR-TB strain. This justifies the local use of these plants in traditional treatment of tuberculosis especially in resistant cases in Uganda.

College students compete in the National Standardization Olympiad

The finals of the “Mo Gan Shan” National Standardization Olympiad of College Students were held on October 12-13 in Huzhou city, Southeast China's Zhejiang province.The competition was guided by SAMR, and hosted by the China Association for Standardization(CAS), China Jiliang University, and the National Standardization League of Universities. Themed “Standards lead the future, innovation fulfills dreams”, the competition aims to stimulate college students' interest and enthusiasm for standardization knowledge, and cultivate standardization talents with international vision and innovation capability.

Standardization of meibomian gland dysfunction in an Egyptian population sample using a non-contact meibography technique

AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.

Analysis of standardization development of TCM in Sichuan

Sichuan province is home to rich traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)resources.Recent years have seen unremitting efforts of TCM standardization in the province.By analyzing the measures and existing problems,this paper provides recommendations to boost TCM development through standardization.

PDE Standardization Analysis and Solution of TypicalMechanics Problems

A numerical approach is an effective means of solving boundary value problems(BVPs).This study focuses on physical problems with general partial differential equations(PDEs).It investigates the solution approach through the standard forms of the PDE module in COMSOL.Two typical mechanics problems are exemplified:The deflection of a thin plate,which can be addressed with the dedicated finite element module,and the stress of a pure bending beamthat cannot be tackled.The procedure for the two problems regarding the three standard forms required by the PDE module is detailed.The results were in good agreement with the literature,indicating that the PDE module provides a promising means to solve complex PDEs,especially for those a dedicated finite element module has yet to be developed.

Pudong’s experience of standardization mechanism innovation

The Pudong New Area has followed the standardization polices of the country,vigorously implemented the standardization strategies,and fulfilled the historical mission of“serving as a pioneer of reform&opening-up and innovative development”.

Constructing a standard system of city sustainable development assessment technology based on the SDGs

Given the rapid development of China’s new urbanization,cities with different locations and varying functional positioning,resource endowments,and development stages have insufficient scientific and applicable technical tools for implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).City managers and policymakers must urgently establish SDG benchmarks to diagnose city development.Moreover,successful experiences from similar cities regarding sustainable development and self-improvement must be learned from to promote diversified,sustainable development across the country.Furthermore,emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,big data and 5G are widely used in smart cities.Therefore,there is a growing need for“knowledge-based,personalized and intelligent”technologies to support monitoring,evaluation,and decision-making processes facilitating sustainable development in cities.This paper uses standardization as the theoretical support and technical basis.This approach can help clarify the sustainable development processes in China and clarify the evaluation results of and provide data on horizontal city comparisons,which can be used to develop evaluation technology for sustainable development in cities and construct a standardized system.The results provide a standard framework for intelligent assessment and decision-making regarding cities’sustainable development capabilities in China.Evaluating major international standardization institutions reveals that the practices of Chinese national standards should be fully absorbed and integrated to guide the evaluation of smart,resilient,and low-carbon cities.To this end,an indicator library of city sustainable development is proposed to provide standard evaluation technology methods.Finally,analyzing the response relationship of the indicator library to SDGs reveals the need for a standardized knowledge map of sustainable development assessment techniques and methods from the perspective of integrated management for sustainable development in cities.

ETSI-ITU Symposium on ICT Sustainability:Standards Driving Environmental Innovation

The symposium will bring together industry leaders,policymakers,researchers and stakeholders to explore the crucial role of standards in promoting sustainable ICT practices.Standards guide the development of technologies that minimize environmental impact and enhance energy efficiency.