Women’s Councils:A Practical Exploration on the Construction of Democracy, Autonomy and the Rule of Law at the Grassroots Level

The women’s councils are an innovation advocated by the All-China women’s federation for women’s participation in social management and grassroots democracy.They are a beneficial exploration for women to participate in public affairs according to the law in accordance with Article 2 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China,and are a model of"the combination of autonomy,rule of law and rule of virtue."The women’s councils have aroused the enthusiasm of women to participate in public affairs,stimulated their autonomous vitality and creativity,and helped to solve the problems of women’s lack of representation and voice in decision-making.The process of deliberation is also the process of developing the awareness of rights,rules,consultation ability,the concept of the rule of law and even thinking about the rule of law.The women’s councils not only help to protect the rights and interests of women and children and promote women’s development,but also has unique value in enriching grassroots consultative democracy,developing grassroots mass autonomy,building a society ruled by law and promoting the implementation of the Constitution.we should therefore fully affirm,support and perfect the women’s councils so as to make it long-term,standardized and institutionalized.

Democracy on the Road toward the Rule of Law Started from Umbrella Movement

This paper had started its words from the hot current Umbrella Movement in Hongkong, with putting forward the questions that ＂ What is the democracy？ ＂ and ＂ How should the democracy develop？ ＂ . And then, it had reviewed the historical development of the concept of democracy, on that basis, it had explored the socialist democratic system in China and analyzed the dilemmas in the construction of socialist democracy. And it gave the responses to questions in the beginning of the article and explained the reasons in details. At the last, some notes on the construction of democracy in China＇ s journey toward rule of law were written in this article.

Democratic Values of Mongolians Becoming as a Pillar of Perspectives of Democracy, Human Rights, Freedom, and Legitimacy

The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people. The content of this article aimed to categorize the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia;such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties. The content of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher. On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation, the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s. From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004, within this term, the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties, grouped into fractional, blockage of post-trafficking, conspiracy, and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.

Democracy Development in Mongolia:Challenges and Opportunities

The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people.The content of this article aimed to categorizing the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties.The contented of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher.On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation and the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s.From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004,within this term,the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties,grouped into fractional,blockage of post-trafficking,conspiracy,and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.

The Role of Consultative Democracy under the Constitutional Framework and the Associated Rule of Law

The logical sequence of China＇s state governance is ＂governing party--consultative conferences--people＇s congresses--the people.＂ The ＂governing party--consultative conferences＂ link in the chain involves political consultation through people＇s consultative conferences. The ＂governing party--consultative conferences--people＇s congresses＂ link involves a process of obtaining legitimacy for the Party＇s views based on political consultations which are then translated into the national will by the system of people＇s congresses. The ＂people＇s congresses--the people＂ link involves the two-pronged logic of elections and governing the country according to law. The ＂governing party--the people＂ link is an illustration of the party＇s mass line, which essentially involves social consultation. Consultative democracy usually includes the political consultation in the ＂governing party---consultative conferences＂ link and the social consultation in the ＂governing party-- the people＂ link in the chain, both of which are connected through the system of people＇s congresses. This logically determines the inner relations between the Party＇s leadership, consultative democracy and the people＇s congress form of representative democracy and shapes the institutionalization of consultative democracy. That is, in the process of democratic decision-making, a circular system consisting of ＂political consultation-- legislative consultation--social consultation＂ is created to guide development of the actual system.

RETHINKING DEMOCRACY AND RULE OF LAW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RHETORIC

With its revival in recent years, rhetoric has provided a special perspective for modem people. If we take rhetoric as a framework to rethink democracy and rule of law, we may not only grasp a new understanding of them, but also gain more knowledge of the possible role of rhetoric in the contemporary world. We will find that rhetoric was closely related to democracy and rule of law, and is still fully accordant with ideas of democracy and rule of law in modem society. Moreover, rhetoric can provide intellectual support to these concepts.

The Role of Consultative Democracy in a Constitutional System and the Rule of Law in China

The rule of law in China should be advanced under a systems framework. The systems framework on which the Chinese rule of law relies is shaped by the socialist democratic system. Socialist consultative democracy, which responds to the core themes of the determinant of socialism, Party leadership, the democratic tradition of New China and native resources for constructing the rule of law, is an important resource for constructing the rule of law in China. In a constitutional system of＂ruling Party--political power--the people＂ that takes the sovereignty of the people as the logic of its starting point, consultative democracy plays the role of functional coupling. Popular sovereignty gains political legitimacy on the basis of multi- party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, thus translating the will of the ruling Party into the will of the state. Consultative democracy constitutes an essential process in national decision-making, affording a basis for the construction of the inherent logical sequence of ＂ruling Party--Consultative Conference--People＇s Congress.＂ The democratic supervision exercised by the Consultative Conference is an extension of political consultation; from it unfolds the systems framework of the rule of law in China.

论新质生产力基础上的“新质民主”与“新质法治”的辩证统一

从分析“新质生产力”的性质、内涵、特征、构成要素及意义出发,运用马克思主义立场、观点和方法,坚持习近平法治思想为指导,可以明确提出“新质生产力”的出现和发展可能引起“新质生产关系”的形成,继而通过“新质经济基础”推动上层建筑朝着“新质上层建筑”转变的重大法理判断。“新质生产力”所引发的社会变革是客观规律,民主与法治作为上层建筑的重要组成部分,也会随着“新质生产力”的不断发展而日益呈现“新质民主”与“新质法治”的特征。“全过程人民民主”是“新质民主”的重要标志,而数字法治、涉外法治构成了“新质法治”的核心要素。法学界要及早规划、超前研究,对“新质生产力”发展可能引发的包含了民主与法治等要素在内的上层建筑可能发生的深远影响,从法理上进行深入分析并拿出切实可行的应对方案。

国际法适用中的双重标准问题研究

双重标准和例外论是国际法中的重要议题。尽管国际法的普遍适用得到广泛认同,但某些西方国家在国际事务中以自身利益为中心,将自己的标准和意志强加于他国,对自身和盟友采取宽松的政策,而对其他国家则采取严格的标准。这种做法破坏了国际法的公平性和一致性,对国际法治产生负面影响。国际法中的双重标准与选择性适用问题涉及国家利益、意识形态偏见、政治动机和地缘政治考虑等多个因素。关于双重标准的讨论往往涉及对虚伪以及国际法秩序的公平性的争论。本文旨在对国际法中的双重标准实践进行实证研究,并揭示其背后的潜在问题。历史上,国际法在很多时候是为西方国家利益服务的。当前,西方国家在国际法中频繁采取双重标准的做法,不仅损害国际法治,也扰乱国际秩序。这表明正确认识与及时解决国际法中双重标准问题的重要性。

民事诉讼现代化标准判识

民事诉讼现代化是我国民事诉讼发展的方向性命题。民事诉讼现代化首先需要解决其现代化的标准为何。否则,民事诉讼现代化的推进就没有方向。民事诉讼现代化的基本标准主要包括五个方面:一是民事诉讼与现代社会的契合;二是民事诉讼与民事权利及体系发展的契合;三是强化民事诉讼的程序保障;四是实现民事诉讼的体系化;五是民事诉讼的科技化。民事诉讼的现代化应当主要围绕这几个方面展开和推进。实现民事诉讼现代化的有效路径是通过借鉴域外国家、地区现代民事诉讼制度,充分结合我国国情,实现中国式民事诉讼的现代化。

法治视域下皮革行业规范化发展研究

基于法治环境,皮革行业需要构建法律风险防控机制,以应对多元化风险,这既是市场经济客观要求及自身发展的现实需求,也是依法治国的迫切需要。本文对皮革行业常见的法律风险进行了分析,从法治视域下探讨了皮革行业规范化发展问题,以期能够为皮革企业的长远可持续发展提供借鉴。

基于核心素养的初中道德与法治课程教学目标设计:困境与理路

针对目前道德与法治课程教学目标部分存在的设计理念落后、目标层级不清、主体定位偏差,脱离学生生活情境、目标设计浅显、不能深度挖掘核心素养要素的困境,基于设计目标需秉持彰显目标统整性、凸显主体建构性、明确目标层级关系、深挖核心素养育人价值的理念,以“爱在家人间”框题为例,设计了生成教学目标的基本路径,以期为新课标下初中道德与法治课堂服务。

强化体制机制法治管理 推动新阶段河南水利高质量发展

文章总结了河南省在推动新阶段水利高质量发展方面取得的主要做法,梳理了强化体制机制法制管理的具体举措,分析了在协同推进河湖治理保护、推进水资源节约集约利用等工作方面的最新进展与成效。

方法问题即宪法问题?

二战后,法学方法论在德意志联邦共和国的法学教育中处于相当边缘的地位,关于法学方法史的讨论更为寥落,甚至成为禁忌。当代法律人掌握了很多方法论工具,却对这些方法在历史上的“法律政治”后果毫无所悉。德国极权时期(如纳粹)的沉痛教训不应简单归咎于法律实证主义,当时盛行的客观解释方法也应负很大的责任。法律的客观目的只是浪漫的虚构,法律文本的客观意义并不存在,故客观解释相当盲目,释法者可以借此将自己的主观意志或者“时代精神”注入法律。德国极权时期的法律人将当时主导性的意识形态注入法律,对法体系重新解释、整体改造,使法律沦为政治的婢女。需要强调的是,方法问题关乎宪法:法官受法律的拘束是民主法治国的内在要求。以解释之名行造法之实,法官自由选择方法来追求所欲的结果,法律在被法官适用之前根本不存在的“自由法”观念,等等,方法上的恣意违反了宪法所要求的民主、平等、权力分立与法治国原则,使得司法过程不具有可证伪性和可检验性。司法造法是必要的,法官法的法源地位应得到承认。但法官不能以客观解释的名义恣意造法,而应坚持方法论的诚实,为造法行为承担更高的论证义务:只有证实漏洞存在,或者在对立法目的进行历史考察,并证明当下的情事与价值确已变迁时,才可进行造法。造法的内容也要受到宪法的控制。

有机统一关系模态下党的领导权威探析

党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的有机统一体现了中国特色社会主义政治发展道路的基本规定性。有机统一不仅是三者理想关系的描述,也是对各自领域的规范性要求。中国共产党是中华人民共和国的最高政治领导力量,是中华人民共和国的政治权威。从本质上说,党的领导就是政治权威的构建、成长和巩固。只有发扬党内民主、民主执政,坚持依规治党、依法执政,并将制度建设贯穿其中,党的领导权威才能健康有效,才能真正赢得人民群众的信任和追随。

全过程人民民主的内在逻辑及法治化路径论析

全过程人民民主,具有鲜明的中国品格,是动态运行的过程性民主、良政善治的治理型民主和人民当家作主的人民性民主。在价值遵循上,保障人权是其必然指向,融入社会主义核心价值观是其应有之义,宪法法治是其最高追求。在运行机理上,通过民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督五大环节形成了全方位、全链条、全覆盖的中国式民主实践。在法治化路径上,需要健全全过程人民民主实践的法律制度体系、抓牢抓实法治对全过程人民民主实践各环节的保障路径、提升完善人民代表大会制度功能,实现党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的有机统一。

论元宇宙复制行为

元宇宙技术及其生成物作为技术尚未“封顶”的数字时代产物,其与知识产权理论缺乏前沿交流。为了回应元宇宙这一新兴技术引发的现实需求,需要在凝练概念的基础上,释明元宇宙复制行为与传统复制行为的异同,通过理论创新应对元宇宙复制行为对现行法的挑战。基于此,应强调正确理解元宇宙复制行为的应有之义,矫正夸大主观模糊性标准失守的误区,解释复制行为调节利益平衡的功能性问题,以及准确把握复制权扩张与权利限制的辩证统一关系。建议修正元宇宙复制行为:一是坚持以市场为需求的谦抑性原则,二是按“市场”与“非市场”细分主观模糊性标准,三是运用法律解释、反限制规定和技术措施等多维度方案综合调整复制权能的合理限度。

论少数民族习惯法的规范化困境及其应对

少数民族习惯法是民族文化的一部分,与民族地区的法治建设关系紧密。有效发挥民族习惯法的作用,离不开对民族习惯法的规范化。在民族法治、良法善治、文化更新等要求下,民族习惯法的规范化势在必行。少数民族习惯法面临的人治文化束缚、法治文化欠缺、相对独立性与价值问题,阻碍少数民族习惯法的规范化。以民族自治、合法化、价值与思维规范为路径,能有效应对少数民族习惯法的规范化困境。

标准化在地方安全生产治理中的挑战与应对

标准化活动在地方安全生产行政治理中的表现日趋活跃,安全生产领域不同行业业态的标准化治理需求逐步增加,各个行业的安全监管有赖于行政行为在标准化领域的深化和拓展。在多元主体共治的背景下,以标准化和法治视角深入分析标准的治理工具在行政实务中的具体表现,辨析安全生产领域地方标准与法规互动过程中的现实风险,厘清地方标准化开发与扩散过程中法治的特征和不足,在“软法”和“硬法”的协同作用下,从标准制定、多元治理、立法融合、实践应用等方面提出标准化在地方安全生产治理中的应对之策,以适应地方政府实施标准化治理的意图。

在法治轨道上推进全过程人民民主的三重逻辑

全过程人民民主是中国人民当家作主的具体体现,推进与完善全过程人民民主必须在法治轨道上进行。全过程人民民主的确立、运行与实现都离不开法治的领航与维护。事实上,自建党以来,我们党一直遵循在法治轨道上发展全过程人民民主的原则。在法治轨道上继续推进全过程人民民主,需要完善相关制度体系,提升人们的法治素养,丰富基层实践形式,确保全过程人民民主与全面依法治国同向同行。