A Novel Explanation of the Origin of the Magnetic Field of Stars and Planets

Today, the origin of the magnetic field of stars and planets is explained by the dynamo effect. Since Cowling’s anti-dynamo theorem has forbidden a purely axisymmetric dynamo, scientists are all convinced today that the fluid flow in the core of a star cannot be laminar, so it is turbulent. However, we will see in this study that the configuration in which the conductive fluid contained in the core of a star is in rapid rotation around an axis of symmetry is the one that best explains the origin of the magnetic field of stars and planets. It also explains why certain types of stars have very intense magnetic fields. Indeed, we will show here that the magnetic field of stars and planets is created by the electric current generated by the rotational movement of charged fluid particles as in an electromagnet. The lines of this magnetic field are channelled by the solid paramagnetic seed which plays the role of magnetic core in the cores of planets and stars. The seed is composed mainly of Iron and Nickel on the planets and of solid helium-3 in the stars. In this work, we will use this model of rapidly rotating fluids to introduce a new way to ionize a neutral gas and maintain it in a plasma state for indefinitely large time scales, to present a new technique for generating very intense magnetic fields, to establish a new magnetic nucleation process and to propose a new type of nuclear fusion reactor in which the plasma is perpetually rapidly rotating.

Influence of strong magnetic field on β decay in the crusts of neutron stars

β decay in the strong magnetic field of the crusts of neutron stars is analysed by an improved method. The reactions ^67Ni（β-）^67Cu and ^62Mn（β-）^62Fe are investigated as examples. The results show that a weak magnetic field has little effect on β decay but a strong magnetic field （B 〉 10^12G） increases β decay rates obviously. The conclusion derived may be crucial to the research of late evolution of neutron stars and nucleosynthesis in r-process.

Effect of strong magnetic field on electron capture of iron group nuclei in crusts of neutron stars

In this paper electron capture on iron group nuclei in crusts of neutron stars in a strong magnetic field is investigated. The results show that the magnetic fields have only a slight effect on electron capture rates in a range of 10^5 - 10^13g on surfaces of most neutron stars, whereas for some magnetars the magnetic fields range from 10^13 to 10^18 G. The electron capture rates of most iron group nuclei are greatly decreased, reduced by even four orders of magnitude due to the strong magnetic field.

Effect of superstrong magnetic field on electron screening at the crusts of neutron stars

The influences of electron screening （ES） and electron energy correction （EEC） are investigated by superstrong magnetic field （SMF）. We also discuss in detail the discrepant factor between our results and those of Fushiki, Gudmundsson and Pethick （FGP） in SMF. The results show that SMF has only a slight effect on ES when B 〈 10^9 T on the surfaces of most neutron stars. Whereas for some magnetars, SMF influence ES greatly when B 〉 10^9 T . For instance, due to SMF the ES potential may be increased about 23.6% and the EEC may be increased about 4 orders of magnitude at ρ/μe = 1.0 × 10^6 mol/cm^3 and T9 = 1. On the other hand, the discrepant factor shows that our results are in good agreement with FGP＇s when B 〈 10^9 T . But the difference will be increased with increasing SMF.

Rotation Profiles of Solar-like Stars with Magnetic Fields

We investigate the rotation profile of solar-like stars with magnetic fields. A diffu- sion coefficient of magnetic angular momentum transport is deduced. Rotating stellar models with different mass incorporating the coefficient are computed to give the rotation profiles. The total angular momentum of a solar model with only hydrodynamic instabilities is about 13 times larger than that of the Sun at the age of the Sun, and this model can not reproduce quasi-solid rotation in the radiative region. However, the solar model with magnetic fields not only can reproduce an almost uniform rotation in the radiative region, but also a total angular momentum that is consistent with the helioseismic result at the 3 tr level at the age of the Sun. The rotation of solar-like stars with magnetic fields is almost uniform in the radiative region, but for models of 1.2-1.5 MG, there is an obvious transition region between the convective core and the radiative region, where angular velocity has a sharp radial gradient, which is different from the rotation profile of the Sun and of massive stars with magnetic fields. The change of angular velocity in the transition region increases with increasing age and mass.

Magnetic Field Effect on β^＋ Decay in the Crusts of Accreting Neutron Stars

基于原子核的壳模型，高度的影响磁性在增大的中子星的外壳中在β ~ 上删除 +decay 被分析。~(54 ) 上的磁场效果 Mn 被讨论。结果显示出那一弱磁性成立在β ~+ 腐烂上做小效果但是一个强壮的磁场(B 】 10 ~(11 ) G ) 改进腐烂显然评估的β ~+ 。导出的结论将受益以后在原子天体物理学上开发进一步的研究。

Structure of Rotating Neutron Stars in Uniform Strong Magnetic Field

在一致强壮的磁场的旋转中子星的性质和变丑是计算的。磁场将弄软中子星物质的状态的方程并且在旋转中子星的结构上做明显的效果。如果磁场是超级的强壮(B = 10 ~(17 ) T ) ，团，半径，和变丑将有效地变得更小。

Effect of Superstrong Magnetic Fields on Nuclear Energy Generation Rate in the Crust of Neutron Stars

这篇论文显示出那超级强壮的磁场(例如那些磁铁艺术) 能在中子星的外壳中多次增加精力产生率。这结果无疑不仅影响冷却中子星和中子星观察的 X 光检查光明而且中子的进化担任主角。

Frame Dragging Effect on Properties of Rotating Neutron Stars with Strong Magnetic Field

The general relativistic frame dragging effect on the properties,such as the moments of inertia and the radiiof gyration of fast rotating neutron stars with a uniform strong magnetic field,is calculated accurate to the first orderin the uniform angular velocity.The results show that compared with the corresponding non-rotating static sphericalsymmetric neutron star with a weaker magnetic field,a fast rotating neutron star(millisecond pulsar)with a strongermagnetic field has a relative smaller moment of inertia and radius of gyration.

Thermal evolution of neutron stars with decaying magnetic fields

Rotochemical heating originates in the deviation from beta equilibrium due to spin-down compression, which is closely related to the dipole magnetic field. We numerically calculate the deviation from chemical equilibrium and thermal evolution of neutron stars with decaying magnetic fields. We find that the power-law long term decay of the magnetic field slightly affects the deviation from chemical equilibrium and surface temperature. However, the magnetic decay leads to older neutron stars that could have a different surface temperature with the same magnetic field strength. That is, older neutron stars with a low magnetic field （10^8 G） could have a lower temper- ature even with rotochemical heating in operation, which probably explains the lack of other observations on older millisecond pulsars with higher surface temperature, except millisecond pulsar J0437-4715.

Quark stars with strong magnetic fields: considering different magnetic field geometries

We calculate the mass-radius relationship of quark stars with the magnetized density- dependent quark mass model in this work, considering two magnetic field geometries： a statistically isotropic, tangled field and a force-free configuration. In both cases, magnetic field production decreases in the case of maximum quark star mass. Furthermore, a tangled, isotropic magnetic field has a relatively smaller impact on the mass and radius, compared to the force-free configuration, which implies that the geometry of the interior magnetic field is at least as important as the field strength itself when the influ- ence of the strong magnetic field on the mass and radius is assessed.

Effect of Strong Magnetic Field on Gamow-Teller Transition Electron Capture of Iron Group Nuclei at Crusts of Neutron Stars

铁组原子核上的 Gamow 出纳转变的电子俘获在中子星的外壳在一个强壮的磁场被调查。结果证明磁场与磁场的范围在电子俘获率上有仅仅细微效果( 10 9~ 10 13 G )在大多数中子星的表面上，而为某磁铁磁场变化的艺术是 10 13~ 10 18 G ，大多数铁组原子核的电子俘获率将极大地被降低并且可以甚至被减少溢出由强壮的磁场的 3 个数量级。

Photometric Properties and Stellar Parameters of the Rapidly Rotating Magnetic Early-B Star HD 345439

We first present the multicolor photometry results of the rapidly rotating magnetic star HD 345439 using the Nanshan One-meter Wide-field Telescope.From the photometric observations,we derive a rotational period of 0.7699±0.0014 day.The light curves of HD 345439 are dominated by the double asymmetric S-wave feature that arises from the magnetic clouds.Pulsating behaviors are not observed in Sector 41 of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite.No evidence is found of the occurrence of centrifugal breakout events neither in the residual flux nor in the systematic variations at the extremum of the light curve.Based on the hypothesis of the Rigidly Rotating Magnetosphere model,we restrict the magnetic obliquity angleβand the rotational inclination angle i so that they satisfy the approximate relationβ+i≈105°.The color excess,extinction,and luminosity are determined to be E_((B-V))=0.745±0.016 mag,A_(V)=2.31±0.05 mag,and log(L/L_(⊙))=3.82±0.1 dex,respectively.Furthermore,we derive the effective temperature as T_(eff)=22±1 kK and the surface gravity as log g=4.00±0.22.The mass M=-7.24_(-1.24)^(+1.75)M_(⊙),radius R=4.44_(-1.93)^(+2.68)R_(⊙),and age τ_(age)=23.62_(-21.97)^(+4.24) Myr are estimated from the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

Chromospheric activity in several single late-type stars

New high-resolution echelle spectra of six single late-type Pleiades-like stars （V368 Cep, EP Eri, DX Leo, GJ 211, PW And and V383 Lac） were obtained with the 2.16 meter telescope at Xinglong Station in 2008-2010. Using the spectral subtraction technique, we analyzed our spectroscopic data and calculated the equiva- lent widths of excess emission from several indicators of chromospheric activity （Na I D1, D2, Hoz and Ca II infrared triplet lines）. All our results using chromospheric activ- ity indicators confirmed the previous findings. In addition, the maximum amplitudes of chromospheric rotational modulation and the ratio of EW8542/EW8498 were found to rise with increasing v sin i velocity.

A Study of Neutron Star Structure in Strong Magnetic Fields that includes Anomalous Magnetic Moments

We study the effect of strong magnetic fields on the structure of neutron star. We find that if the interior field is on the same order as the surface field currently observed, then the influences of the field on the star's mass and radius are negligible; if the field is as large as that estimated from the scalar virial theorem, then considerable effects will be induced. The maximum mass of the star will be increased substantially while the central density is greatly reduced. The radius of a magnetic star can be larger by about 10% ~ 20% than a nonmagnetic star of the same mass.

The effects of strong magnetic fields on neutron star structure:lowest order constrained variational calculations

We investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields upon the large-scale properties of neutron and protoneutron stars. In our calculations, the neutron star mat- ter was approximated by pure neutron matter. Using the lowest order constrained vari- ational approach at zero and finite temperatures, and employing AV18 potential, we present the effects of strong magnetic fields on the gravitational mass, radius, and gravitational redshift of neutron and protoneutron stars. It is found that the equation of state for a neutron star becomes stiffer with an increase of magnetic field and tem- perature. This leads to larger values of the maximum mass and radius for the neutron stars.

Microscopic Magnetic Dipole Radiation in Neutron Stars

There is a ^3P2 neutron superfluid region in NS （neutron star） interior. For a rotating NS the ^3P2 superfluid region is like a system of rotating magnetic dipoles. It will give out electromagnetic radiation, which may provide a new heating mechanism of NSs. This mechanism plus some cooling agent may give a sound explanation to NS glitches.

Amplifying magnetic fields of a newly born neutron star by stochastic angular momentum accretion in core collapse supernovae

I present a novel mechanism to boost magnetic field amplification of newly born neutron stars in core collapse supernovae.In this mechanism,that operates in the jittering jets explosion mechanism and comes on top of the regular magnetic field amplification by turbulence,the accretion of stochastic angular momentum in core collapse supernovae forms a neutron star with strong initial magnetic fields but with a slow rotation.The varying angular momentum of the accreted gas,which is unique to the jittering jets explosion mechanism,exerts a varying azimuthal shear on the magnetic fields of the accreted mass near the surface of the neutron star.This,I argue,can form an amplifying effect which I term the stochastic omega(Sω) effect.In the common αω dynamo the rotation has constant direction and value,and hence supplies a constant azimuthal shear,while the convection has a stochastic behavior.In the Sω dynamo the stochastic angular momentum is different from turbulence in that it operates on a large scale,and it is different from a regular rotational shear in being stochastic.The basic assumption is that because of the varying direction of the angular momentum axis from one accretion episode to the next,the rotational flow of an accretion episode stretches the magnetic fields that were amplified in the previous episode.I estimate the amplification factor of the Sω dynamo alone to be ≈ 10.I speculate that the Sω effect accounts for a recent finding that many neutron stars are born with strong magnetic fields.

The Role of Magnetic Fields in Triggered Star Formation of RCW 120

We report on the near-infrared polarimetric observations of RCW 120 with the 1.4 m IRSF telescope.The starlight polarization of the background stars reveals for the first time the magnetic field of RCW 120.The global magnetic field of RCW 120 is along the direction of 20°,parallel to the Galactic plane.The field strength on the plane of the sky is 100 ± 26 μG.The magnetic field around the eastern shell shows evidence of compression by the H Ⅱ region.The external pressure(turbulent pressure+ magnetic pressure) and the gas density of the ambient cloud are minimum along the direction where RCW 120 breaks out,which explains the observed elongation of RCW 120.The dynamical age of RCW 120,depending on the magnetic field strength,is~1.6 Myr for field strength of100 μG,older than the hydrodynamic estimates.In direction perpendicular to the magnetic field,the density contrast of the western shell is greatly reduced by the strong magnetic field.The strong magnetic field in general reduces the efficiency of triggered star formation,in comparison with the hydrodynamic estimates.Triggered star formation via the "collect and collapse" mechanism could occur in the direction along the magnetic field.Core formation efficiency(CFE) is found to be higher in the southern and eastern shells of RCW 120 than in the infrared dark cloud receiving little influence from the H Ⅱ region,suggesting increase in the CFE related to triggering from ionization feedback.

Magnetic Field of a Compact Spherical Star under f(R,T) Gravity

We present the interior solutions of distributions of magnetized fluid inside a sphere in f（R, T） gravity. Tile magnetized sphere is embedded in an exterior Reissner NordstrOm metric. We assume that all physical quantities are in static equilibrium. The perfect fluid matter is studied under a particular form of the Lagrangian density f（R, T）. The magnetic field profile in modified gravity is calculated. Observational data of neutron stars are used to plot suitable models of magnetized compact objects. We reveal the effect of f（R, T） gravity on the magnetic field profile, with application to neutron stars, especially highly magnetized neutron stars found in x-ray pulsar systems. Finally, the effective potential Veff and innermost stable circular orbits, arising out of the motion of a test particle of negligible mass influenced by attraction or repulsion from the massive center, are discussed.